Building a green supercomputer in the cloud

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Building a Green Supercomputer in the Cloud Anders Lybecker | @Lybecker

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Agenda • Introduction • Carbon Efficiency • Energy Efficiency • Hardware Efficiency • Carbon Awareness • Case: Vestas supercomputer • Tools

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The IT industry emits more carbon than the aviation industry

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What can you as a software engineer do?

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What do we need to do?

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Power usage effectiveness

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CO2

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CO2 eq

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Carbon intensity

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CO2 eq/KWH

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Electricity mix

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Vestas

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Challenges • Wind Turbine Simulation • Optimal placement of turbines in windfarm • Structural optimizations • Existing on-premise HPC cluster • Expensive to maintain • Industry growth at 300% • Complexity of turbine

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Requirements Destilled Easy of use / same tooling Scale to 400K cores Data segmentation per project Cost management per project Inexpensive As green as possible

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Design Decisions Saturate CPU Rightsizing VM Auto scale up and down Using unused VMs Time shifting Location shifting

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DC Client calls API with job spec + files in artifact storage

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API sends a job create message to the dispatcher queue

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Dispatcher handles the message

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Dispatcher selects the pool + copies input data to satellite storage

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ALT: Dispatcher needs to scale pool and resends the message with a 1 min delay

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Files are copied back on task complete using event grid (BlobCreated)

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30-90% reduction with location shifting with EU 12-16% reduction with time shifting within a day

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Carbon Aware SDK

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Pay 5% extra for 50% carbon reduction

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Pay 50% extra for 5% carbon reduction

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Carbon Economy SDK

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Cost evaluation formular

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Example Location Emission rating Unit price Norm. rating Norm. price Cost Sweden Central 29 $1.932 0 1 0.750 Norway East 42 $1.824 0.107 0.870 0.653 West Europe 100 $1.103 0.587 0 0.147 UK South 150 $1.713 1 0.736 0.606 Emission weight: 0.25 Location Emission rating Unit price Norm. rating Norm. price Cost Sweden Central 29 $1.932 0 1 0.250 Norway East 42 $1.824 0.107 0.870 0.232 West Europe 100 $1.103 0.587 0 0.440 UK South 150 $1.713 1 0.736 0.772 Emission weight: 0.75

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Carbon aware KEDA Operator Electricity Carbon Intensity for k8s Region (ConfigMap) Admin 1 Get current Carbon Intensity 2 Get maxReplicasByCarbonIntensity CarbonAwareKedaScaler CRD CarbonAwareKeda Operator scaledObject 3 Take Action: Update maxReplicaCount based on the current Carbon Intensity • Throttle/limit scaling when Carbon Intensity is high • Allow maximum scaling when it is low Every 1 hour: CarbonAwareKeda Operator: 1 Gets the current carbon intensity 2 Gets KEDA targetRef scaling inputs 3 Updates targetRef MaxReplicaCount based on current carbon intensity Step 0: Admin creates CarbonAwareKedaScaler https://github.com/Azure/carbon-aware-keda-operator/blob/main/demo/azure.md

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What makes software green?

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Environmental impact Potential pathways for improvement Targeted investments Business value

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Our future, our responsibility

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require planet-scale innovation and business transformation Planet-sized challenges

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Microsoft is committed to harnessing the power of technology to help everyone, everywhere build a more sustainable future.

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Our core environmental sustainability commitments Carbon negative by 2030 Water positive by 2030 Zero waste by 2030 Protect more land than we use and build a Planetary Computer