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WAZZAAAAAAAAA

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WAZZAAAAAAAAA Corded? CRT?

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Aaron Patterson @tenderlove

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AT&T, AT&T logo and all AT&T related marks are trademarks of AT&T Intellectual Property and/or AT&T affiliated companies.

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Interfaces & Adapters

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“The Next Twitter”

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“Disrupting the way you eat toast”

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☑Adequate Everything. Adequately.

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“You get what we think you paid for”

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SEO Optimization

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First Search Engine

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Leif Erikson

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Leif Erikson (Later invented Cell Phones)

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Google

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Yahoo!

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Bing

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Alexander Searchkeyword

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Alexander Searchkeyword

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Doing Client Work.

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Technical Co-Founding As A Service

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recruiterspam.com

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Unfactoring

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Rails.queue

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Using the Queue job = MyJob.new Rails.queue << job

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Consumer Thread.new { while job = Rails.queue.pop job.run end }

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Problems.

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“What about exceptions?”

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“What about exceptions?” “It’s queue specific.”

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“What about serialization?”

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“What about serialization?” “It’s queue specific.”

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“What about job construction?”

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“What about job construction?” “It must be marshallable.”

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Job Construction user = User.find 1 job = Job.new user Rails.queue << job

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Job Construction user = User.find 1 job = Job.new user Rails.queue << job NOPE

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Job Construction user = User.find 1 job = Job.new user.id Rails.queue << job

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Job Definition class Job def initialize(user_id) @user_id = user_id end def run user = User.find @user_id # .... end end

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Too Many Open Questions.

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Rails.queue

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minitest/spec

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describe "whatever" do setup do # ... end it "does some stuff" do 1.must_equal 1 end describe "some other stuff" do it "does some other stuff" do 'foo'.must_match /foo/ end end end

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class SomeTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase setup { # ... } test "some thing" do # ... end end Rails Tests

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MiniTest::Spec class SomeTest < MiniTest::Spec setup { # ... } it "some thing" do # ... end end

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Refactor class SomeTest < MiniTest::Spec class << self alias :test :it end setup { # ... } test "some thing" do # ... end end

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AS::TestCase class ActiveSupport::TestCase < MiniTest::Spec class << self alias :test :it end end class SomeTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase setup { # ... } test "some thing" do # ... end end

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mt/spec superclass > MiniTest::Spec.ancestors => [MiniTest::Spec, MiniTest::Unit::TestCase, ... ]

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Free goodies! describe "whatever" do it "does some stuff" do 1.must_equal 1 end describe "some other stuff" do it "does some other stuff" do 'foo'.must_match /foo/ end end end

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minitest/spec

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Meta-Programming

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What is it?

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Code that writes Code

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Defining Methods

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attr_accessor class Foo attr_accessor :bar end

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attr_accessor class Foo def bar; @bar; end def bar=(bar); @bar = bar; end end

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eval class Foo eval "def bar; :hi; end" end Foo.new.bar # => :hi

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class_eval class Foo end Foo.eval "def bar; :hi; end" # => error Foo.class_eval "def bar; :hi; end" # => ok! Foo.new.bar # => :hi

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define_method class Foo define_method(:bar) { :hi } end Foo.new.bar # => :hi

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eval vs d_m ❤ How code is parsed ❤ Method environment

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Parser (eval) # test.rb class Foo 10.times { |i| class_eval "def b_#{i}; :hi; end", __FILE__, __LINE__ } end # x.d ruby$target:::parse-begin /copyinstr(arg0) == "test.rb"/ { printf("%s:%d\n", copyinstr(arg0), arg1); } R uby 2.0!

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DTrace Run $ sudo dtrace -q -s x.d -c'ruby test.rb' test.rb:1 test.rb:3 test.rb:3 test.rb:3 test.rb:3 test.rb:3 test.rb:3 test.rb:3 test.rb:3 test.rb:3 test.rb:3 $

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Parser (def_m) # test.rb class Foo 10.times { |i| define_method("b_#{i}") { :hi } } end # x.d ruby$target:::parse-begin /copyinstr(arg0) == "test.rb"/ { printf("%s:%d\n", copyinstr(arg0), arg1); } R uby 2.0!

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DTrace Run $ sudo dtrace -q -s x.d -c'ruby test.rb' test.rb:1 $

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Environment class Foo hello = "world!" define_method("foo") { hello } class_eval "def bar; hello; end" end x = Foo.new x.foo # => "world!" x.bar # => NameError

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Definition Speed class Foo if ENV['CLASS_EVAL'] 100_000.times do |i| class_eval("def x_#{i}; end") end else 100_000.times do |i| define_method("x_#{i}") { } end end end

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$ DEF_METH=1 time -p ruby test.rb real 0.63 user 0.56 sys 0.05 $ CLASS_EVAL=1 time -p ruby test.rb real 3.62 user 3.52 sys 0.09

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Method Call Speed require 'benchmark/ips' GC.disable class Foo class_eval("def foo; end") define_method("bar") { } end Benchmark.ips do |x| F = Foo.new x.report("define_method") { F.bar } x.report("class_eval") { F.foo } end

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Calculating ------------------------------------- define_method 100965 i/100ms class_eval 107181 i/100ms ------------------------------------------------- define_method 4801218.4 (±6.3%) i/s - 23928705 in 5.008944s class_eval 7386563.1 (±8.9%) i/s - 36548721 in 5.003122s Iterations / sec

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Call + Work require 'benchmark/ips' GC.disable class Foo class_eval("def foo; 2.times.map { 'foo' } end") define_method("bar") { 2.times.map { "foo" } } end Benchmark.ips do |x| F = Foo.new x.report("define_method") { F.bar } x.report("class_eval") { F.foo } end

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Iterations / sec Calculating ------------------------------------- define_method 42364 i/100ms class_eval 44085 i/100ms ------------------------------------------------- define_method 612296.0 (±7.1%) i/s - 3050208 in 5.007636s class_eval 558666.2 (±12.1%) i/s - 2689185 in 5.181042s

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Memory $ CLASS_EVAL=1 time -l ruby test.rb 3.63 real 3.53 user 0.08 sys 126648320 maximum resident set size 0 average shared memory size 0 average unshared data size 0 average unshared stack size $ DEFN=1 time -l ruby test.rb 0.63 real 0.57 user 0.06 sys 69734400 maximum resident set size 0 average shared memory size 0 average unshared data size 0 average unshared stack size

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Measure ISeq require 'objspace' N = (ENV['N'] || 100_000).to_i class Foo N.times do |i| if ENV['CLASS_EVAL'] class_eval("def x_#{i}; end") else define_method("x_#{i}") { } end end end GC.start p ObjectSpace.memsize_of_all(RubyVM::InstructionSequence) R uby 1.9.3+

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Results $ CLASS_EVAL=1 ruby test.rb 38659482 $ DEFN=1 ruby test.rb 259482 $ N=200000 DEFN=1 ruby test.rb 259482

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define_method

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define_method ISeq def a1 def a3 def a2

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class_eval

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class_eval ISeq def a1 def a3 def a2 ISeq ISeq

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Closure Leaks class Foo x = "X" * 1024 define_method("x") { } end class Bar x = "X" * 1024 class_eval("def x; end") end

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Cleaning up a MetaMess

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BAD Code that writes BAD Code

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@module.module_eval <<-END_EVAL def #{name}(*args) if #{optimize_helper?(route)} && args.size == #{route.required_parts.size} && !args.last.is_a? (Hash) && optimize_routes_generation? options = #{options.inspect} options.merge!(url_options) if respond_to? (:url_options) options[:path] = "#{optimized_helper(route)}" ActionDispatch::Http::URL.url_for(options) else url_for(handle_positional_args(args, #{options.inspect}, #{route.segment_keys.inspect})) end end END_EVAL

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@module.module_eval <<-END_EVAL def #{name}(*args) # ... end END_EVAL Creates Methods

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Conditionals @module.module_eval <<-END_EVAL def #{name}(*args) if #{optimize_helper?(route)} && args.size == #{route.required_parts.size} && ! args.last.is_a?(Hash) && optimize_routes_generation? # ... else # ... end end END_EVAL

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I heard you like Conditionals

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Identify Variables

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Extract Static Data

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+ def if_#{name}(t, options, path) + options.merge!(url_options) + options[:path] = path + ActionDispatch::Http::URL.url_for(options) + end + def #{name}(*args) if #{optimize_helper?(route)} options = #{options.inspect} - options.merge!(url_options) - options[:path] = "#{optimized_helper(route)}" - ActionDispatch::Http::URL.url_for(options) + if_#{name}(self, options, "#{optimized_helper(route)}") else - url_for(...) + UrlHelp.new.url_else(...)

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+ def if_#{name}(t, options, path) + options.merge!(url_options) + options[:path] = path + ActionDispatch::Http::URL.url_for(options) + end + def #{name}(*args) if #{optimize_helper?(route)} options = #{options.inspect} - options.merge!(url_options) - options[:path] = "#{optimized_helper(route)}" - ActionDispatch::Http::URL.url_for(options) + if_#{name}(self, options, "#{optimized_helper(route)}") else - url_for(...) + UrlHelp.new.url_else(...)

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+ def url_if(t, options, path) + options.merge!(t.url_options) if t.respond_to?(:url_options) + options[:path] = path + ActionDispatch::Http::URL.url_for(options) + end + def handle_positional_args(t, args, options, segment_keys) inner_options = args.extract_options! result = options.dup @@ -192,17 +198,10 @@ module ActionDispatch def define_url_helper(route, name, options) @module.remove_possible_method name @module.module_eval <<-END_EVAL, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1 - - def if_#{name}(t, options, path) - options.merge!(url_options) if t.respond_to?(:url_options) - options[:path] = path - ActionDispatch::Http::URL.url_for(options) - end Remove From Eval eval

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Create Objects

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class UrlHelper def self.create(options) new options end def initialize @options = options end def url_else(t, args, seg) # ... end def url_if(t, path) # ... end end

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@module.module_eval <<-END_EVAL def #{name}(*args) if #{optimize_helper?(route)} # ... options = #{options.inspect} UrlHelp.new.url_if(self, options, "#{optimized_helper(route)}") else UrlHelp.new.url_else(self, args, # ... ) end end END_EVAL

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Eliminate Conditionals

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Factory Method class UrlHelper def self.create(route, options) if optimize_helper?(route) OptimizedUrlHelper.new(route, options) else new route, options end end # ... end

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Final Meta-Code helper = UrlHelper.create(route, options.dup) @module.module_eval do define_method(name) do |*args| helper.call self, args end end

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Recap Extract Functions Build Objects Eliminate Conditional

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Avoid a MetaMess

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When you’ve gone too far.

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# * :terminator - Determines when a before filter will halt the # callback chain, preventing following callbacks from being called and # the event from being triggered. This is a string to be eval'ed. The # result of the callback is available in the +result+ variable. # # define_callbacks :validate, terminator: 'result == false'

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This is a string to be eval'ed.

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THIS PARAMETER IS CRAZY TOWN.

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Avoid Conditionals

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Keep It Simple.

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Mamba Time

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My Weight

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Health Walk.

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Find your Mamba Time

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Be the Best Mamba Timer

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Office Hours

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@gorbypuff

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Thank You!