Migration to Quarkus from Spring Boot PetClinic REST

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Migrating QUARKUS

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Contents 1. who am i 2. what can you expect 3. what is quarkus 4. why migrate 5. migration a. application description b. steps 6. performance comparative 7. references

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$ whoami JUG organiser at BarcelonaJUG Cofounder of JBCNConf ( Barcelona ) Software Engineer at Red Hat App. Modernisation and Migration team @vilojona jvilalop@redhat.com aytartana.wordpress.com github.com/jonathanvila

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What can you expect ? My experience v 2.2.5 v 1.7.0 opinionated option magistral lecture something that works THE way QUARKUS

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Quarkus brief description

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What is Quarkus ? A Kubernetes Native, Java, Scala, Kotlin stack tailored for GraalVM and OpenJDK HotSpot crafted from the best of breed Java libraries and standards.

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300x faster 10x smaller focused on easy to code opensource fast paced releases tons of extensions Quarkus key facts

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Quarkus extensions ( > 90 ) Kafka Camel Keycloak Spring Vert.x RestEasy …. Microprofile Openshift Jaegger Flyway Hibernate Infinispan ...

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Quarkus evolution 2018-12 v 0.0.1 2019-06 v 0.15.0 2019-11 v 1.0.0 Release 2020-01 v 1.2.0 1 minor version every 2 weeks !!! (+/-)

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Quarkus performance

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Quarkus OSS status

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Migration

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Why to migrate My experience easy to develop with an easy CDI, REST, … long startup times, eternal tests heavyweight too many things happen under the hood easy to develop applications fast lightweight GraalVM compatible QUARKUS ✅ FaaS compatible ( lambdas ) ✅ less money on public cloud

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Application migrated Spring Data ( repositories, jdbc , ... ) Spring Web ( REST ) Spring Security Spring documentation ( Swagger ) Spring actuators Spring micrometer Spring CDI Spring AOP Spring cache Hibernate Panache JaxRS Quarkus Security OpenAPI SmallRye Health Microprofile Metrics CDI Spec ( Arc ) --- Quarkus cache ( Caffeine ) QUARKUS

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Elements not migrated Spring JDBC querying * no helper methods to work with Inserts, Updates…. * no equivalent to org.springframework.jdbc.core classes * we need to reimplement everything using AGROAL JMX * not supported by GraalVM definition

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CDI ● Replace Autowired by Inject ● Beans declaration using @ApplicationScoped ● Auto injection on Constructors ● Lazy by default

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CDI PROs ● straight forward migration for Beans ● no feature missing CONs ● no annotation built-in beans injection depending on Profile ● no private members on injection

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JPA Repositories ● Repository classes to implement PanacheRepositoryBase Quarkus will generate the implementation of the usual methods : list , find, persist, delete

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JPA Repositories PROs ● straightforward migration CONs ● no Query DSL methods

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Spring REST to JAX-RS ● Move from Spring REST to the standard JAX-RS @RestController @RequestMapping, @GetMapping, @PostMapping, @PutMapping, @DeleteMapping @PathVariable @Path @GET, @POST, @PUT @DELETE @PathParam QUARKUS

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Spring REST to JAX-RS PROs ● straightforward migration INFO ● Spring also supports JAX-RS as 3rd party lib

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Spring REST Security to Quarkus Security ● replaced Spring REST Security

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Spring REST JDBC Security to Elytron JDBC realm Add extension dependency : elytron-security-jdbc Configure on properties file and remove configureGlobal method

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Spring REST Security to Quarkus security PROs ● Almost the same result ● By configuration rather than code CONs ● Quarkus doesn’t have an expression language

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CORS ● configured CORS in the application.properties file

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CORS PROs ● easy to enable , no code involved CONs ● at global level, not per Controller

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Metrics ● Add smallRye metrics extension ● Annotate each method ( for custom metrics )

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Metrics PROs ● OpenMetrics standard naming CONs ● different naming than micrometer ( compatibility toggle being developed ) ● not the same metrics ● no AOP so you need to annotate every method

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Validation ● Spring Validation to Hibernate Validator ● Move from @ControllerAdvice to JAX-RS ExceptionMapper

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Validation PROs ● standard ● easy CONs ● none

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Swagger ( OpenAPI v 3.0 ) ● Add extension “openapi” ● extend Application

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Swagger ( OpenAPI v 3.0 ) PROs ● straightforward migration ● standard and easy way to configure ● Swagger-UI OOTB CONs ● not REST paths scan configuration

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AOP for app metrics ● use of microprofile metrics annotations

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AOP for repository metrics ● using Hibernate built in metrics enabled in properties

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AOP for app metrics PROs ● standard ● easy to customise CONs ● need to annotate ALL methods one by one for custom app metrics ● no expression language to define methods affected

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Local caching ● Spring uses a default ConcurrentHashMap ● Caffeine uses a ConcurrentLinkedHashMap ● Add “cache” extension ( Caffeine ) and annotate the method

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Local Caching PROs ● easy to implement and configure ● straightforward migration CONs ● none

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Test : REST MockMVC -> RestAssured

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Test REST PROs ● RESTassured is easy to handle and very intuitive CONs ● No way to simulate Roles without creating an user for each role to test INFO ● Changed JSonPath to GPath

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Test - resources ● Annotate test suites with @QuarkusTest to boot the app ● Annotate test suites with @QuarkusTestResource to load an embedded resource

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Test - Mock ● Use the quarkus-mockito dependency : quarkus-junit5-mockito ● Annotate mocks with @InjectMock

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Spring API in Quarkus

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Spring WEB ( REST) : spring-web extension Using same Spring API for REST Supported Annotations @RestController @RequestMapping @GetMapping @PostMapping @PutMapping @DeleteMapping @PatchMapping @RequestParam @RequestHeader @MatrixVariable @PathVariable @CookieValue @RequestBody @ResponseStatus @ExceptionHandler

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Spring DI : spring-di extension Using same API as Spring DI Annotations Supported @Autowired @Repository @Qualifier @Scope @Value @Component * doesn’t support an expression language @Configuration @Service @Bean

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Spring Data : spring-data-jpa Using same API for Spring Data Supported Any interface of : Repository, CrudRepository, PagingAndSortingRepository, JpaRepository Derived Query Methods User defined Queries Not Supported Invocations to any method of QueryByExampleExecutor QueryDSL

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Spring Security: spring-security extension Using same API as Spring Security Annotations Supported @Secured @Preauthorized Expressions allowed hasAnyRole permitAll denyAll isAnonymous isAuthenticated #paramName ==

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Performance comparative (shallow) SPRING BOOT 2.2.5 QUARKUS Hotspot 1.8 QUARKUS GraalVM 20.1 build ( uber-jar ) 4.3 s 48 Mb 13 s 42 Mb 185 s 97 Mb boot 6.8 s 630 Mb 2.6 s ( 3x ) 251 Mb ( 2.5x ) 0.462 s ( 15x ) 21 Mb ( 30x )

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References

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Repositories ● Spring REST PetClinic https://github.com/spring-petclinic/spring-petclinic-rest ● Quarkus REST PetClinic https://github.com/jonathanvila/spring-petclinic-rest/tree/quarkus Documentation/News/Help ● https://quarkus.io ● @QuarkusIO ● https://developers.redhat.com/search/?t=quarkus ● quarkus-dev@googlegroups.com

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Interactive Tutorials ( Katacoda ) ● https://developers.redhat.com/courses/quarkus/ List of Tutorials ● Getting Started ● For Spring Devs ● Streaming with Kafka ● Hibernate and Panache ● Prometeus & Grafana

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Cheat Sheet ● https://lordofthejars.github.io/quarkus-cheat-sheet/ by Alex Soto

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Do you want to start coding with Quarkus ? https://code.quarkus.io/

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● Rules to help to migrate from SB to Quarkus ( MTA 5.0 ) ○ Opensource tool to help on applications migrations ■ https://developers.redhat.com/products/mta/overview ■ https://github.com/windup ○ 26 rules , covering ■ DI ■ Integration ■ Metrics ■ JPA ■ Security ■ Web ■ Shell ■ …. Red Hat MTA (Migration Toolkit for Applications)

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Real use cases Lufthansa Technik AVIATAR experiences significant cloud resources savings by moving to Kubernetes-native Quarkus (link) Suomen Asiakastieto Oy chooses Quarkus for their microservices development (link) Vodafone Greece replaces Spring Boot with Quarkus (link) ● “Quarkus offers by default (without trying to optimize it) is 50%-60% more lightweight (in JVM mode) that what Spring offers” ● “30 to 40% better developer productivity vis-a-vis Spring Boot,” Public Clouds exp. -- Internal Labs --- Save up to : ● 37 % on Cloud ( Quarkus JVM ) ● 71 % on Cloud ( Quarkus + GraalVM )

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Books ( devs not only consume tech ) Sci Fy Mind Novel

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@vilojona jvilalop@redhat.com aytartana.wordpress.com github.com/jonathanvila Thank you :)