Let's look at Go 1.18! Claudio Beatrice - June 6th, 2022 Having fun fun fun 🕺 with Generics, Fuzzing and Workspace Mode 

Introducing Go 1.18 This is the best iPhone we’ve ever made • It was released on Mar 15th, 2022 , seven months after Go 1.17 📆 • It’s one of the major changes in the language ever done 🚛 • It packs a TON of new features, plus library and tooling improvements • Generics 㿂 • Fuzzing 🎛 • Workspace mode 🗃 • Sane packages for sorting stuff! 🥇 • It keeps the Compatibility Promise, as usual 😎 

Theory and Practice In theory they are the same, in practice they aren't 

Generics One does not simply write speci f ic code • Write functions or types that work with any of a set of types provided by the calling code • Generic code is loosely coupled to the speci f ic types being used • Generics add three new, important features to the language: • Type parameters • Type inference • Interface types as sets of types • Create zero values out of generic types 

Generics Type Parameters func Min[T constraints.Ordered](x, y T) T { func Min(x, y int) int { As opposed to the an equivalent (for ints) monomorphic version 

Generics Type Inference x := Min[int](2, 3) x := Min(2, 3) Could be simpli f ied to 

Generics Type Sets package constraints type Ordered interface { Integer|Float|~string } Interfaces may now be used as type constraints, and they support union of different types. 

Generics Bracket beats chevron package main import "fmt" import "golang.org/x/exp/constraints" func Min[T constraints.Ordered](x, y T) T { if x < y { return x } return y } func main() { fmt.Println(Min[int](2, 3)) fmt.Println(Min[float32](2.5, 2.6)) } 

Generics Chevron cuts paper package main import "fmt" func Min(x, y int) int { if x < y { return x } return y } func main() { fmt.Println(Min(2, 3)) fmt.Println(Min(2.5, 2.6)) // Error! } 

Generics It's showtime! Let's have a look at some examples: - interfaces: https://go.dev/play/p/PrqtLSmbVMi - generics: https://go.dev/play/p/RCnt4xM24mS - gondola's lang module 

Fuzzing Get cover! Fuzzing is a type of automated testing which continuously manipulates inputs to a program to f ind bugs. Good for f inding edge cases: it’s an extremely valuable feat whenever security is concerned, and still very valuable to hunt down hard-to- f ind bugs. 

Fuzzing Fuzz Anatomy 101 

Fuzzing Time to check gondola again One more thing 

Workspace mode It ain’t much, but it’s honest go work • A new, optional go.work f ile has been introduced: if present, it will set Go in Workspace Mode. • When in Workspace Mode, go will use the go.work f ile to determine all the modules to use as roots for module resolution, as opposed to having a single one as imposed by go.mod • Such Mode allows for work on multiple, independent modules at the same time more conveniently than it was in the past 

Workspace mode It ain’t much, but it’s honest go work go 1.18 use ../foo/bar use ./baz replace example.com/foo v1.2.3 => example.com/bar v1.4.5 

Workspace mode it's the last time, I swear Open gondola once more 

New experimental packages Sort like it’s 2022 • https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/exp/constraints • https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/exp/slices • https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/exp/maps 

New networking package It’s a net improvement • New net/netip package, featuring Addr and AddrPort types • Compared to net.IP, netip.Addr is more memory ef f icient, immutable, comparable and can be used as a map key • Besides an IP and a port, AddrPort can also represent a CIDR pre f ix • Tons of new functions to work on the newly de f ined types • Loads of helpers for bridging with the old net.IP package 

And moar! Faster and furiouser, sometimes • More ef f icient way to pass function argument on arm64 and some amd64, getting up to 10% performance improvements • Due to generics, compile speed can get about 15% slower than go 1.17 • Nice strings functions improvements, hello Cut()! • Ditto for bytes • Introduces the new any identi f ier as an alias for interface{} • Loads of other little minor changes 

Bibliography Slides are important, but study is importanter • Go 1.18 Release Notes • Article: An Introduction to Generics • Article: Are Go Generics ready for Prime Time? • Documentation: Fuzzing • Reference: Go Workspaces • Learning Go's free chapters on Generics 

Practice makes perfect Pick your poison https://go.dev/doc/tutorial/generics 㿂 https://go.dev/doc/tutorial/fuzz 🎛 https://go.dev/doc/tutorial/workspaces 🗃 

What about go 1.19? You thought it was over, huh • re f inements and improvements to generics • new unix build constraint • faster regex functions (~ -30% exec time) • faster large switch statements(int and string only) • more ef f icient race detector (1.5-2.0x faster, ~50% memory usage, unlimited goroutines) • lots of minor library changes, as usual 

Thanks And see you at the next meetup! 

Tell your friends! And your enemies, too