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Handling Failure in Microservice Architectures Matt Heath, Mondo #ndclondon

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@mattheath

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1895

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monoliths traditional dev

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?

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DATABASE APPLICATION

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DATABASE APPLICATION

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DATABASE DATABASES APPLICATION

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DATABASE DATABASES APPLICATION SEARCH

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DATABASE DATABASES APPLICATION CACHE SEARCH

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DATABASE DATABASES APPLICATION CACHE SEARCH CAT GIFS

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ALL HAIL THE MONOLITH

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DATABASE DATABASES APPLICATION CACHE SEARCH CAT GIFS

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APPLICATION

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Are your systems reliable?

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2012 June - RBS - Batch processing causes 3 day outage 2013 December - RBS - Card payments, cash withdrawals 2015 June - RBS lose 600,000 payments 2015 August - HSBC lose 275,000 payments 2015 October - Barclays - Failure of accounts and cards 2016 January - HSBC - 2 day outage of online systems

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Graceful handling of failure is essential

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Do microservices make this worse?

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The Fallacies of Distributed Computing

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Everything can and will fail

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Identifying Failure

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LOAD BALANCER HTTP API & ROUTING LAYER

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API SERVICE LOAD BALANCER HTTP API & ROUTING LAYER

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/webhooks —-> Webhook API

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WEBHOOK API LOAD BALANCER HTTP API & ROUTING LAYER

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WEBHOOK API AUTH SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE LOAD BALANCER HTTP API & ROUTING LAYER

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WEBHOOK API AUTH SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE LOAD BALANCER HTTP API & ROUTING LAYER

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WEBHOOK API AUTH SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE LOAD BALANCER HTTP API & ROUTING LAYER

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WEBHOOK API AUTH SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE LOAD BALANCER HTTP API & ROUTING LAYER

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Error Tracking and Propagation

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api webhook api webhook service api webhook api webhook service

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api webhook api webhook service api webhook api webhook service

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api webhook api webhook service api webhook api webhook service error

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api webhook api webhook service api webhook api webhook service error SENTRY

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api webhook api webhook service api webhook api webhook service error SENTRY

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api webhook api webhook service api webhook api webhook service error SENTRY error partition

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api webhook api webhook service api webhook api webhook service ????? SENTRY error

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api webhook api webhook service api webhook api webhook service ????? SENTRY error timeout

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api webhook api webhook service api webhook api webhook service ????? SENTRY error timeout error timeout

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api webhook api webhook service api webhook api webhook service ????? SENTRY error error error error duplicated errors

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api webhook api webhook service api webhook api webhook service ????? SENTRY error error error error

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8096820c-3b7b-47ec-bce6-1c239252ab40

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api webhook api webhook service api webhook api webhook service ????? SENTRY error error error error

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api webhook api webhook service api webhook api webhook service ????? SENTRY error error error error

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api webhook api webhook service api webhook api webhook service ????? SENTRY error error error error

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api webhook api webhook service api webhook api webhook service ????? SENTRY error error error error hash & deduplicate

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Service Healthchecks

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type Checker func() (error, map[string]string)

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Endpoint error % DB Connection Status Configuration loaded?

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Instrumentation

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metrics.Counter(1.0, "cassandra.read.error", 1)

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metrics.Timing(1.0, "cassandra.read", time.Since(start))

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STATSD SERVICE A UDP SERVICE B UDP HOST INSTANCES GRAFANA INFLUXDB METRICS

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TELEGRAF w/ STATSD
 PLUGIN SERVICE A UDP SERVICE B UDP HOST INSTANCES GRAFANA INFLUXDB TAGGED METRICS

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Handling
 Failure

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Timing out and moving on

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Sensible Timeouts?

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Measure EVERYTHING!

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TIMEOUT?

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api webhook api webhook service api webhook api webhook service

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api webhook api webhook service api webhook api webhook service Client Logic Server

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api webhook api webhook service api webhook api webhook service Client Logic Server

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Client Remote Server Circuit Breaker

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Client Remote Server Circuit Breaker Error! Error!

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Client Remote Server Circuit Breaker Timeout! Timeout!

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Client Remote Server Circuit Breaker Circuit Open! OPEN

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Client Remote Server Circuit Breaker Return Error or Cached Results OPEN

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Topology Management

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WEBHOOK API LOAD BALANCER HTTP API & ROUTING LAYER WEBHOOK SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE

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WEBHOOK API LOAD BALANCER HTTP API & ROUTING LAYER WEBHOOK SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE

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WEBHOOK API LOAD BALANCER HTTP API & ROUTING LAYER WEBHOOK SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE

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WEBHOOK API LOAD BALANCER HTTP API & ROUTING LAYER WEBHOOK SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE SLOW / ERRORS

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Fanout & Cancellation

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WEBHOOK API WEBHOOK SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE

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WEBHOOK API WEBHOOK SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE

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WEBHOOK API WEBHOOK SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE

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WEBHOOK API WEBHOOK SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE

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WEBHOOK API WEBHOOK SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE WEBHOOK SERVICE

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Event Driven Architectures

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API SERVICE SERVICE A SERVICE B LOAD BALANCER HTTP API & ROUTING LAYER

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API SERVICE SERVICE A SERVICE B LOAD BALANCER HTTP API & ROUTING LAYER

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API SERVICE SERVICE A SERVICE B LOAD BALANCER HTTP API & ROUTING LAYER SERVICE C SERVICE D E

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API SERVICE SERVICE A SERVICE B LOAD BALANCER HTTP API & ROUTING LAYER SERVICE C SERVICE D G E F

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Retry Strategies

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Bounded exponential backoff

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Bounded exponential backoff with Jitter

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Encouraging Failure?

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Antifragility

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Chaos Engineering

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Load Failure Degradation

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Eliminate primaries and special nodes

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Putting it all together

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API card-api card-processing cards transactions balance transaction-enrichment merchant feed-generator feed apns API card-api card-processing cards transactions balance transaction-enrichment merchant feed-generator feed apns

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API card-api card-processing cards transactions balance transaction-enrichment merchant feed-generator feed apns API card-api card-processing cards transactions balance transaction-enrichment merchant feed-generator feed apns

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API card-api card-processing cards transactions balance transaction-enrichment merchant feed-generator feed apns API card-api card-processing cards transactions balance transaction-enrichment merchant feed-generator feed apns

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API card-api card-processing cards transactions balance transaction-enrichment merchant feed-generator feed apns API card-api card-processing cards transactions balance transaction-enrichment merchant feed-generator feed apns

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API card-api card-processing cards transactions balance transaction-enrichment merchant feed-generator feed apns API card-api card-processing cards transactions balance transaction-enrichment merchant feed-generator feed apns

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API card-api card-processing cards transactions balance transaction-enrichment merchant feed-generator feed apns API card-api card-processing cards transactions balance transaction-enrichment merchant feed-generator feed apns

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#ndclondon Thanks! @mattheath @getmondo

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ATM: Thomas Hawk
 Bank of Commerce: ABQ Museum Archives IBM System/360: IBM Absorbed: Saxbald Photography Orbital Ion Cannon: www.rom.ac Credits