Face off: Android vs iOS

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Disclaimers

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Xcode Some features: ● Swift and Objective-C ● Powerful refactoring tools ● Interface Builder ● Storyboards ● 2D & 3D Scenes ● Particle designer! ● Playgrounds! ● etc.

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Xcode Some features: ● Swift and Objective-C ● Powerful refactoring tools ● Interface Builder ● Storyboards ● 2D & 3D Scenes ● Particle designer! ● Playgrounds! ● etc.

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Xcode

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Android Studio: IntelliJ 15 Some features: ● Best Java IDE ● Powerful refactoring tools ● Code analysis ● Integration with Google services ○ URL and App Indexing support ○ App Engine integration ○ Google play services ● Testing ● Powerful Layout Editor and Translations Editor

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Android Studio: Android Emulator No more 10 minutes boot time with Intel® Hardware Accelerated Execution Manager

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Android Studio 2.0: Instant Run Pushes changes to methods and existing app resources without building a new APK Gradle version 2.0.0 or higher Targeting devices running Android 4.0 Still a bit flaky (it does not play well data binding)

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Simulator: iOS, watchOS, tvOS Some features: ● Much faster than Android Emulator ● It’s a Mac OS X i386 app ● Debugging tools: ○ Graphics rendering ○ Location ○ Localizations ○ Accessibility ○ iCloud ● Still missing real multitouch (and force touch)!

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Android Studio: Translations Editor View and update all your string resources in one convenient place. ● “Order a translation” ● Refactor!

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Localizing Apps Hello world Hallo Welt Hola mundo नम ते दु नया Bonjour monde ● Translating iOS apps sucks eggs ● Obscure command-line tools and formats ● The lazy man’s approach: Google Sheets! ● Here’s my template: https://goo.gl/k4A3sa ● Demo!

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Even more laziness: Localizing Apps prefix func ~ (key: String) -> String { return NSLocalizedString(key, comment: "No Comment") } print(~"hello") > Hola

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Gradle Natively supported by Android Studio Multiple dependencies support It is also a build system, not just a dependency manager (like cocoapods): ● Top level build file + Module level build files

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Gradle tips Check for the latest version: ● http://gradleplease.appspot.com/ dataBinding: enabled true dexOptions: javaMaxHeapSize 2048 For the brave: useJack true Testing: testCompile (src/test) and androidTestCompile (src/androidTest))

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Third Party Libraries & Dependencies ● Cocoapods ● Carthage ● Swift Package Manager target 'MyBeautifulApp' do pod 'AFNetworking', '~> 3.0' end

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Xcode UI Testing Demo XCTAssert(app.buttons["OK"].exists) snapshot("0Detail") *Snapshot courtesy of Felix Krause and fastlane.tools

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Getting ready to submit an app: Proguard Obfuscate all ze things! ● minifyEnabled true Shrink resources! ● shrinkResources true ● Important to remove unused library code Beware: -keep public class MySpecialClass Backup output files (specially mapping.txt)

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Getting ready to submit an app: Signing Create a Keystore and a private key and off you go gradle assembleRelease Or just use Android Studio: Build > Generate Signed APK Submitting an Android app in the Google Play store is just super easy release { storeFile file("_market/android_market.keystore") storePassword "android" keyAlias "androiddebugkey" keyPassword "android" }

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Equivalent to iTunes Connect but... ● No App review process (almost never, right?) ● Always do staging releases ● Use Beta and Alpha distribution channels ● It is possible to make experiments ● And much more... Google Play Developer Console

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Getting to the App Store: iTunes Connect ● Apple review process ○ Quality filter ○ Expedited review ● TestFlight ○ Internal ○ External

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Android Studio: Cloud Test Lab Temporarily available to use at no charge Run Instrumentation tests or Robo tests (if you do not have tests)

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Apple Device Cloud ● Thousands of devices available remotely for testing! ● Just kidding! ● Seriously, what fragmentation? ● Developers can get away with 3-4 hardware devices ● iOS update propagation is phenomenal

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Google Play Services Over 90% Adoption rate Google Play Services: more important than Android ● It is not included in the Android Open-Source Project (AOSP) ● Device manufacturers: Why u not update? No need to multidex: compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-appindexing:8.4.0' compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-analytics:8.4.0' compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-gcm:8.4.0' compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-maps:8.4.0'

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Apple’s Strategy No need to have a separate library of services - It is enough to support the latest 2 major versions of iOS - Adoption rate is so high that this covers 95% of iOS users And there are ways to check which version you run: guard #available(iOS 9, *) else { return }

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Intents Intents are messaging objects to request action from other app components You can start an activity, a service or send a broadcast

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iOS URL Schemes ● Simple way to launch another app ● Apps declare custom URL schemes, e.g. localch:// ● Apps can check if the system can open a URL* ● Parameters are passed in the URL: localch://tel/search?what=vikram

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iOS Extensions ● Action ● Audio Unit ● Content Blocker ● Custom Keyboard ● Document Provider ● Photo Editing ● Share ● Today widget

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iOS Today Extensions Similar to Android widgets. ● Get a quick update ● Perform a quick task in the Today view of Notification Center A use case: what are the next departures around me?

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Widgets Remote views that run on other App (typically home or lock screen) ● This is because they run on the original App process Very limited with a small set of UI elements It is basically a broadcast receiver… … but are we limited to widgets on Android? Not really

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Android programming language Official language: Java…. Everybody knows Java these days. ● robust ● verbose ● ...boring But there are alternatives! ● Scala ● … and more

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Kotlin Small runtime file size: 823Kb (vs 8Mb of Scala) It is out of beta. Current version 1.0.1 It runs on the Java Virtual Machine (it also can be compiled to JavaScript) fun main(args : Array) { val scope = "App Builders" println("Hello, $scope!") }

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Kotlin Strong support for Android It is possible to convert Java code to Kotlin directly from Android Studio Support for Higher-Order Functions and Lambdas import kotlinx.android.synthetic.main.activity_main.* public class MyActivity : Activity() { override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) setContentView(R.layout.activity_main) textView.setText("Hello, world!") // No need for findView(R.id.textView) } }

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Swift What? Swift on Android? Android support was merged not long time ago ● Requires the NDK ● https://github.com/apple/swift/pull/1442 https://github.com/SwiftAndroid/

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Swift Some features: ● Optionals, unwrapping ● Type-inference ● Higher level functions ● Protocol-Oriented ● Etc. etc. ● Open Source!

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Swift NSMutableString *hello = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"Hello "]; [hello appendString:@"Objective-C"]; var hello = "Hello " hello += "Swift"

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Vulkan Low level API brought by Khronos (OpenGL) Successor of Mantle (AMD) who donated it to the Khronos group Supported by everybody except Apple (Metal) Supported in Android N

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Metal ● Lower level alternative to OpenGL ES ● Optimized for iPhone and iPad hardware ● Up to 10x faster than drawing with OpenGL ● "Bare metal" API with less driver overhead and more direct control over the GPU on the A7 chip

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App Indexing Mapping URLs to Activities Supports iOS and Android Google literally crawls your app and associates it to search results Used at local.ch: it increased usage by 5% Used on iOS with deep linking… Still trying to figure out if it works

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iOS Continuity: Deep Linking ● App bundle specifies associated domains (entitlements) ● Website serves apple-app-site-association file: "applinks": { "apps": [], "details": { "HGPZCPK6NY.ch.local.search.launcher": { "paths": [ "*" ]

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iOS Continuity: Handoff (and Spotlight) /// Updates the given user activity or creates one for this entry func updateUserActivity(activity: NSUserActivity?, ... { // Handoff support (since iOS 8.0) activity.title = title activity.userInfo = [kDetailActivityEntryIdKey: entryId] activity.webpageURL = myWebpageURL // Enable Handoff, Spotlight and public indexing activity.eligibleForHandoff = true activity.eligibleForSearch = true activity.eligibleForPublicIndexing = true

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Runtime Permissions … Android M … Lower versions: Manifest. Google Play will ask for critical permissions. No way to know if you already asked The activity gets the callback Lots of conditional code It is still better and probably cleaner than on iOS Confusing at the beginning… Maps anyone?

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Permissions on iOS ● Ask, but only when the time is right ● Location, Contacts, Notifications, Photos, Camera, Microphone, Bluetooth, HealthKit… ● Explain why your app needs it ● Allow user to change their mind

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What’s new for 2016?

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Data Binding Say goodbye to findViewById Support library down to Android 2.1 (Api v7) Similar to ButterKnife or what Xcode does in Interface Builder (outlets) But it lets you run code with an Expression Language similar to Java You can have observable objects, fields and collections Support for basic data types and collections

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Android N - Doze Doze is the new Doze It kicks in intervals called maintenance windows (screen off) It is doze as on M but better

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Android N: Multi-Window Support Two apps on screen at the same time The other app will be paused and not stopped (activity lifecycle) And a new Intent flag: Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_LAUNCH_ADJACENT Picture-in-Picture for Android TV, to run in miniature form on top of everything else

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Multitasking

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Android N: Notifications Total visual redesign plus new functionalities Inspired from Android Wear ● Direct Reply ● Grouping notifications: ○ Enabled by default on all apps. ○ Summary customizable. Compatible with older versions of Android thanks to NotificationCompat

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Android N: Direct Boot Start your app before a user has unlocked an encrypted device Imagine your phone restarts while you are asleep Good for alarm clock and for incoming calls

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Android N: Scoped directory access Access directories like Photos without asking for READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE ..or accessing a Directory on Removable Media ● Adding a BroadcastReceiver that listens for the MEDIA_MOUNTED notification StorageManager sm = (StorageManager)getSystemService(Context. STORAGE_SERVICE); StorageVolume sv = sm.getPrimaryStorageVolume(); Intent intent = sv.createAccessIntent(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES); startActivityForResult(intent, request_code);

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iOS Sandboxing iOS is very limited when letting apps work together Sandboxing prevents accessing the filesystem ● Only access to Photos can be enabled ● App Groups for sharing files between apps

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Android fun SensorManager: ● public static final float GRAVITY_DEATH_STAR_I of the first Death Star in Empire units (m/s^2) 3.5303614E-7 public static final float GRAVITY_THE_ISLAND of the island (Lost): 4.815162 Log: public static int wtf (String tag, Throwable tr) What a terrible failure

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Android fun ActivityManager: public static boolean isUserAMonkey () Returns "true" if the user interface is currently being messed with by a monkey. AdapterViewFlipper: public void fyiWillBeAdvancedByHostKThx () Called by an AppWidgetHost to indicate that it will be automatically advancing the views of this AdapterViewFlipper by calling advance() at some point in the future. UserManager: public boolean isUserAGoat () Used to determine whether the user making this call is subject to teleportations. As of LOLLIPOP, this method can now automatically identify goats using advanced goat recognition technology.

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Android fun Handler: public final boolean runWithScissors(final Runnable r, long timeout) Public but not in the official API. It runs the specified task synchronously. However, this problem is often a symptom of bad design. Consider improving the design (if possible) before resorting to this method. Boring classes BoringLayout is a very simple Layout implementation for text that fits on a single line and is all left-to-right characters. You will probably never want to make one of these yourself. BoringSSL is the SSL library in Chrome/Chromium an Android (boring indeed)

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Android Demo Permissions Data binding Draw overlays https://goo.gl/gB0qye

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The Mythical Context Switch ● It does exist. ● But it can be good for you! ● Become a Mobile Ninja.

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Become a Mobile Ninja.

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Thank You. Vikram Kriplaney @krips - https://github.com/markiv Sebastián Vieira @seviu - https://github.com/seviu Check out this presentation (including bonus slides) here: https://goo.gl/IwqE3x

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Awesome Android resources http://androidbackstage.blogspot.ch/ https://github.com/JStumpp/awesome-android https://github.com/wasabeef/awesome-android-ui https://www.youtube.com/user/androiddevelopers https://guides.codepath.com/android http://android-developers.blogspot.ch/ https://github.com/seviu/android-appbuilders

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Awesome iOS on github https://github.com/vsouza/awesome-ios https://github.com/cjwirth/awesome-ios-ui https://github.com/matteocrippa/awesome-swift https://github.com/trending?l=swift https://github.com/trending?l=objectivec

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Awesome iOS resources https://www.raywenderlich.com iOS Human Interface Guidelines (what everybody claims has read) http://www.cocoawithlove.com/ http://iosdevweekly.com/ And all the WWDC videos

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Support libraries: It is about compatibility Google’s strategy to support all versions of iOS (down to Android 2.3) v4 Support Library ● App Components, User Interface, Accessibility, Content v7 appcompat library (ActionBar),cardview, gridlayout, mediarouter, palette, recyclerview, Preference Support v8 renderscript , V13, v14, v17 (Android TV), Annotations, Design... useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy'

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Nearby Messages API

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Jack and Jill ● Java Android Compiler Kit ● Jack Intermediate Library Linker

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What is LLVM LLVM is a compiler technology which works in two steps. 1) It compiles the source code to an intermediate form. (front end) 2) Converting the virtual assembly language into machine language of the target computer. (back end)

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Bitcode An “intermediate” language like Bitcode is an abstract encoding of an app that can be used to re-compile it in different ways, given a set of instructions. Apple can simply add support for new CPUs to the “back end” on the App Store, which will show Bitcode how to compile down to new architecture.

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Tasker - or why Android is awesome Event based, tasker lets you perform certain actions ● Launch a time tracking app when you are at work ● Do something when you get an SMS from a certain friend ● Open spotify when plugging your headphone Automate device actions the way IFTTT interacts between web services Tasker relies heavily on intents to do such things Being able to do this kind of things makes Android awesome

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Android and other things that you cannot do on iOS Like running a view on top of everything else Getting a broadcasts when the device starts up or gets a phone call Having a service that runs in the background ● At the cost of draining the battery of your phone in no time… No memory leaks since it runs on a Java in a VM and there is a GC. Right?

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Stuff you can do on iOS but not on Android Storyboards Interactive Playgrounds! Low-latency audio 3D Touch, Peek and Pop Content Blockers!

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iOS Storyboards And how you can tie them with actions and properties Demo how you can set properties on the view (modify layer?) with runtime attributes Talk about how data binding has been with us since the start: Outlets connect Actions, Properties, Segues, Layout Constraints with your code Designables – complete custom views that can be

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What’s new on Swift 3 https://github.com/apple/swift-evolution Stable ABI and Resilience Bye bye this: for (i=0; i<4; i++) { } No more var as function parameters Swift now belongs to the community (feel free to add features)

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Android N: Multiple Locales Because there are people that speak more than one language Call LocaleList.getDefault() to get the full list ● Show search results in multiple languages ● No more annoying popups offering to translate content

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Android N: Project Svelte Focused on optimizing the way apps run in the background. It is an effort to prevent memory thrashing in response to an implicit broadcast JobScheduler will trigger jobs on ContentProvider updates: CONNECTIVITY_CHANGED will not trigger receivers declared in manifest NEW_PICTURE and NEW_VIDEO cannot longer be sent or received. No more camera freezing! But fear not: if the app is already running it will get the broadcast with context. registerReceiver

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Memory leaks … yes there are leaks. Mostly context leaks Do not keep long-lived references to a context-activity Try using the context-application ● But do not use the App context for everything ● Do you do not use the application context for things that have to do with UI ● https://possiblemobile.com/2013/06/context/ Avoid non-static inner classes in an activity (use weak references to activities)

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How to avoid memory leaks Capture the heap with the Dalvik Debug Monitor Server Run MAT (Eclipse Memory Analizer - http://www.eclipse.org/mat/) Very tedious Use https://github.com/square/leakcanary instead

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iOS Instruments Profiling for: ● Performance ● Memory (and leaks) ● Energy ● Network ● Filesystem

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We can know if data saver is active for our app and react according to that ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE); if (cm.isActiveNetworkMetered()) { // Checks user’s Data Saver settings. switch (connMgr.getRestrictBackgroundStatus()) { case RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_ENABLED: // Background data usage is blocked for this app. Wherever possible, // the app should also use less data in the foreground. case RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_WHITELISTED: // The app is whitelisted. Wherever possible, // the app should use less data in the foreground and background. case RESTRICT_BACKGROUND_STATUS_DISABLED: // Data Saver is disabled. Since the device is connected to a // metered network, the app should use less data wherever possible. } } Android N: Data Saver improvements

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Android Android Studio, Gradle, Kotlin, Vulkan,GCM, JobScheduler, App Indexing, Memory Leaks, Android N, Jack and Jill...

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Xcode, Cocoapods, Swift, Metal, Push Notifications, Deep Linking, Networking, Memory Leaks, Extensions, LLVM... iOS