Ivan ([email protected])
Papers We Love #022
Aug 29, 2016
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/06/27/1602413113.full
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f?
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the most common software packages for fMRI analysis …
can result in false-positive rates of up to 70%. These
results question the validity of some 40,000 fMRI studies
and may have a large impact on the interpretation of
neuroimaging results.
a bug that's been sitting in a package for 15 years,
fixed in May 2015, produced bad results.
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randcraw says:
…For a couple years now philosophers have insisted that fMRI
images prove there is no such thing as free will.
pfooti says:
The dead salmon study seems relevant here in discussion of
how fMRI is used.
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honkhonkpants says:
Doesn't sound like a straight up bug, but rather unsound
statistical methods which can happen with or without
software…
greenyoda replies:
I'd say it's a bug, since the unsound statistical methods are
incorporated into the three most common software
packages…
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MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)
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“FMRI SCANNER”
MRI + STIMULATION + RESPONSE
by James Dankert, http://slideplayer.com/slide/6939789/
FMRI 101
rest (normal condition) increased activity (stimulus)
Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) effect
brain activity -> local increase on blood flow -> [oxy/deoxy hemoglobin]
-> MR signal change (1-5%)
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FMRI 101
EPI acquisition (brain volume)
10 to 15 slices, ~5mm each
64x64 to 128x128 in-plane res.
(2 to 4mm)
~50 to 100K voxels/volume
100 to 200 volumes
every 2 to 3 seconds
Data Acquisition
METHODS
• Resting state fMRI date from 499 subjects
• 4 simulated activation conditions (2 block-, 2 event-related)
• 4 levels of spatial smoothing
• one- or two-sample t-test
• voxel or cluster level inference
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RESULTS
Fig.1. Results for one-sample t test, showing estimated FWE rates
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RESULTS
Fig. 2. Results for two-sample t test and ad hoc cluster-wise inference,
showing estimated FWE rates for 6 mm of smoothing
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WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
• Is all of fMRI junk science? NO
• Is it a software bug? NO
(AFNI’s 3dClustSim was a minor issue)
• What about “philosophical/political”
fMRI studies? ??? (read with a big grain of salt)
• What about the “Salmon study”?
GOOD STORY for STATS 102 (multiple comparisons)
time
Hemodynamic Response Function
OPEN DATA
jballanc says:
The real takeaway lesson from this research should be the
vital importance of Open Data to the modern scientific
enterprise
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adapted from https://xkcd.com/54/