phpアプリケーションをGo言語へ

by yuuki takezawa

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phpΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ Goݴޠ΁ go func() { messages <- "php" }() yuuki takezawa phpcon 2016

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GoݴޠΛ࠾༻͢Δ͜ͱʹͳͬͨഎܠ

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ڊେͳαʔϏεͷݶք

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ڊେαʔϏεʹΑΔ໰୊ • 1Օॴͷमਖ਼͕க໋తͳ໰୊ΛҾ͖ى͜͢έʔε • ෳࡶԽ͢Δ࢓༷ʹରԠ͢Δҝͷ࣮૷͕ύϑΥʔϚϯε ʹӨڹΛ༩͑࢝Ίͨ • ڊେʹͳΓ͗ͨ͢σʔλϕʔε • ୲౰֎ͷαʔϏε࢓༷͕Θ͔Βͳ͚Ε͹मਖ਼Ͱ͖ͳ͍ ঢ়ଶ • API͕͘͢ͳ͘ɺଟ͕͘σʔλϕʔεʹґଘ • ϏδωεͷมԽʹ௥ैͰ͖ͳ͍ঢ়ଶ • େྔσʔλͷόονॲཧ

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໰୊ʹཱͪ޲͔͏ • σʔλϕʔεࢀরͷ੾Γ཭͠ • APIͷ੔උ json, xml, etc… • ΫϥΠΞϯτͷॲཧΛ؆ུԽ͢ΔҝʹɺHATEOAS΁  (औΓ૊Έத) • σʔλϕʔεࣗମͷ෼ׂ  (ςʔϒϧͷ࠶ઃܭɺ໨తผʹ෼ׂɺNoSQLซ༻) • ԣஅతʹؔΘΔαʔϏεͱͷ࿈ܞ  (message queue, ฒྻॲཧ)

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σʔλϕʔεࢀরͷ੾Γ཭͠ • ιʔείʔυͷ͍ͨΔͱ͜Ζʹ͋ΔσʔλϕʔεࢀরΛ  ந৅ԽɺDependency Injection΁ • σʔλϕʔε΁઀ଓΛߦ͍ͬͯΔίʔυ͔Βɺ  ֎తཁҼΛ੾Γ཭͠ • ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯߏ଄Λ·ͣ͸ϨΠϠʔԽ • ঃʑʹAPIࢀর΁ͱ੾Γସ͍͑ͯ͘ • PHPΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛૄ݁߹ʹ

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class PointBalance { /** @var PointRepositoryInterface */ protected $repository; /** * @param PointRepositoryInterface $repository */ public function __construct(PointRepositoryInterface $repository) { $this->repository = $repository; } // snippet }

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Controller / Action Domain Infrastructure MySQL API Elasticsearch Aspect

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No content

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APIͷ੔උ • ଞαʔϏεͷ஌ࣝΛෆཁʹ  (URLͷߏங΍ɺͲΜͳAPIͰͲΜͳ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δͷʁ) • ϦΫΤετ਺ͷ࡟ݮ • ΤϯυϙΠϯτʹಈࢺ͸࢖ΘͣɺϝιουͰදݱ͢Δ • ڞ௨Ͱར༻͢Δ΋ͷ͸ίϯϙʔωϯτԽ • ݹ͍APIͳͲɺଟ͘ͷαʔϏε͕ґଘ͍ͯ͠Δ΋ͷ͸ͳ ͔ͳ͔೉͍͠ • ύϑΥʔϚϯε͕ϘτϧωοΫͳ΋ͷ͸replace

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{ "id": 1598, "user_id": 123, "title": "ίϝϯτʹͨ͠Α", "content": "ϝʔϧ͕དྷͳ͍ΑͶ", "tags": [ { "id": 5098, "name": "ඒന" } ], "created_at": "2016-10-12 17:31:50" }

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{ "id": 3746, "user_id": 123, "title": "ςετ", "content": "aaa", "tags": [ { "id": 6081, "name": "ΞϩϚΦΠϧ", "_links": { "self": { "href": "http://example.com/tags/6081", "method": "GET" } } } ], "created_at": "2016-10-14 16:57:37", "_links": { "self": { "href": "http://example.com/3746", "method": "GET" } } }

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navi menu content content

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ϑϩϯτͰར༻͞ΕΔAPI • ϑϩϯτʹग़ྗ͞ΕΔ΋ͷ͚ͩͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ  ͦͷޙΖʹ߇͑Δ΋ͷ • Ϣʔβʔొ࿥৘ใ • ϝʔϧૹ৴ • ͳʹ͔͠Βͷߦಈʹ൐͏Ճࢉݮࢉ • ඇಉظɺϦΞϧλΠϜ • τϥϯβΫγϣϯεΫϦϓτ • ฒྻϦΫΤετʹ଱͑͏Δ΋ͷ • ϑϩϯτ͔Β੾Γ཭͢͜ͱͰదࡐదॴͳݴޠ࠾༻

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େྔͷϦΫΤετΛޮ཰ྑ͘ࡹ͖͍ͨ

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Nginx + php-fpm Response time: 0.01 secs Transaction rate: 384.48 trans/sec

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େ͖ͳ͸໰୊ͳ͠ • ΞΫηε͕ଟ͘ͳΕ͹ɺ୆਺Λ૿΍͢ • opcache΋ಋೖ͠(PHP7)ɺߴ଎ͳϨεϙϯε  • ࣮૷໘ͰͷόάΛ࠷খݶʹ৯͍ࢭΊ͍ͨ • PHP7ʹͳΓɺݫ֨Ͱ͸͋Δ͕ɺ  ։ൃऀશһ͕ཧղ͍ͯ͠ΔΘ͚Ͱ͸ແ͍ • ϦΞϧλΠϜॲཧΛͱʹ͔͘ૣ͘ • ඞཁͳ৘ใΛଋͶͯฦ٫͍ͨ͠

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γϯϓϧɺฒߦ͔ͭߴ଎Ͱ੩తܕ෇͚ݴޠ

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Go • webαʔόͳͲ͕ෆཁͰ୯ମͰಈ࡞͢Δ • جຊ͸γϯάϧόΠφϦ഑෍ͷҝɺϦϦʔε͕༰қ • ίϯύΠϧ͕ૣ͘ɺΫϩείϯύΠϧ • ϝϞϦϦʔΫʹͳΓಘΔ΋ͷ͕ഉআ͞Ε͍ͯΔ • 1αʔόͰෳ਺ىಈͤ͞Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ • ίϯύΠϧͱ࣮ߦ͕ಉ࣌ʹͰ͖ΔͨΊɺ  LLݴޠ։ൃऀͰ΋؆୯ • Ϋϥε͕ແ͍

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// linux޲͚΍windows޲͚ͳͲ༷ʑͳOSʹରԠ $ GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -tags=production app.go

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Struct • ΫϥεͰ͸ͳ͍ • ໊લͱܕͷू·Γ • ઌ಄͕େจࣈͷ΋ͷ͸public   ͦ͏Ͱ͸ͳ͍΋ͷ͸private • ίϯετϥΫλ͸ଘࡏͤͣɺܧঝ΋ͳ͍ • ߏ଄ମΛຒΊࠐΜͰར༻͢Δ

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type Item struct { Language } type Language struct { Name string } Item{Language{"PHP"}}

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func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { person := &Person{"yuuki", "takezawa"} fullName(person) } func fullName(name UserName) { fmt.Println(name.Name()) } type Person struct { FirstName string LastName string } func (p *Person) Name() string { return p.FirstName + " " + p.LastName } type UserName interface { Name() string }

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goroutine • ಉ࣌ʹෳ਺ͷλεΫΛॲཧ • ॲཧΛ෼ׂ͍ͯ͘͠ • εϨουͷΑ͏ʹ1εϨου্Ͱෳ਺ಈ࡞ • ಄ʹgo Λ͚ͭΔ͚ͩ go func() • ଴͕ͪ࣌ؒൃੜͯ͠͠·͏Α͏ͳॲཧΛඇಉظͰ • ฒߦॲཧ

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func f(from string) { for i := 0; i < 3; i++ { fmt.Println(from, ":", i) } } // ॱ൪͸อূ͞Ε·ͤΜ fun main() { go f("routine") go f("routine_one") go f(“routine_two") }

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ฒߦͱฒྻ • ฒߦ  ࣮ߦঢ়ଶΛෳ਺อͯΔͳΒ • ฒྻ  ෳ਺ͷಈ࡞Λಉ࣌ʹग़དྷΔ  • GoݴޠͷฒߦੑΛө૾Խ͢Δ  http://postd.cc/go_concurrency_visualize/

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channel • <- (໼ҹͷํ޲ʹྲྀΕΔ) • goroutine ؒͰ΍ΓऔΓΛߦ͏ • phpͰ͸೉͍͜͠ͱΛΧόʔ͢Δ • ΩϡʔΠϯάɺॲཧ଴ͪঢ়ଶͳͲΛ࡞Δ

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func read(r io.Reader) <-chan message { lines := make(chan message) go func() { defer close(lines) scan := buﬁo.NewScanner(r) for scan.Scan() { lines <- message(scan.Bytes()) } }() return lines }

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defer ͱ panic • defer: ϝιου͕ऴྃ͢Δࡍʹίʔϧ͞ΕΔ • σʔλϕʔεͳͲͷ੾அͳͲॲཧͷ஗Ԇʹ࢖͏ • panic͸runtime errorʹ͋ͨΓɺ  ࣮ߦ͕೉͍͠৔߹ʹͷΈར༻͢Δ • panic࣌ʹ΋defer͕ίʔϧ͞ΕΔ • ΤϥʔॲཧΛ͢ΔͷͰ͋Ε͹errorΛ໭͢ • panic͔Β͔ͳΒͣrecover()͢Δ

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nginxΛ࢖ͬͨϩʔυόϥϯγϯά

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upstream go_http { server 127.0.0.1:8080; server 127.0.0.1:8081; keepalive 300; } server { listen 80; server_name go.app; charset utf-8; access_log off; error_log /dev/null crit; location / { proxy_pass http://go_http; proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_set_header Connection ""; } }

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Nginx + go Response time: 0.00 secs Transaction rate: 2142.67 trans/sec

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খ͞ͳͱ͜Ζ͔Βஔ͖׵͑Λ࢝Ίͨ • PHPͰ࣮ߦ͞Ε͍ͯͨେྔσʔλͷόονॲཧ  ਺͔͔࣌ؒΓɺσʔλͷྔ͕૿͑Δ͜ͱͰߋʹ࣌ؒ  ϝϞϦ͕৺഑(݅਺͕૿͑Δ͝ͱʹ૿Ճ) • Goʹஔ͖׵͑ɺϝϞϦ࢖༻ྔ͕ܹݮ  ਺͕࣌ؒ୹ॖ  σʔλϕʔεʹΑͬͯ͸͋·ΓมΘΒͳ͍͜ͱ΋͋ͬͨ • web։ൃʹదͨ͠ඪ४ϥΠϒϥϦ͕ଟ͘ɺ  ίʔυ΋ಡΈ΍͘͢ɺ݁ՌҰ෦Ͱ࠾༻

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ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ echo

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echo • ϚΠΫϩϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͰɺlumen΍zend expressive ͱಉ͡ײ֮Ͱ։ൃ͕Ͱ͖Δ • fasthttp͕ΦϓγϣϯͰ࢖͑Δ • grace͕͙͢ʹ࢖͑Δঢ়ଶͰɺͱʹ͔͘؆୯ • ඞཁͳ΋ͷ͸ࣗ෼Ͱ૊ΈࠐΉ • ܰྔͳAPIͰ͋Ε͹ൺֱత୹࣌ؒͰ࣮૷Մೳ

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ಋೖલʹ࣮ફ • ϓϥΠϕʔτͰ։ൃ͍ͯͨ͠ΞϓϦͷAPIʹ·ͣಋೖ • ҆ఆՔಇͱ࣮૷͕ૣ͍ • OAuthαʔό࣮૷ • ߴෛՙͰ΋ඇৗʹ҆ఆ • facebookgo/inject • ΦϒδΣΫτࢦ޲ϥΠΫʹ࣮૷͍͕ͯͨ͠ɺ  Goͷ࡞๏ʹͷͬͨ΄͏͕γϯϓϧ • ϦϑϨΫγϣϯ͸ۃྗ࢖Θͳ͍

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Go goroutine API API Database queue

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վળ • ΑΓૣ͘ɺݎ࣮ͳΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ • ͦΕͧΕͷαʔϏεͷॲཧʹదͨ͠΋ͷΛಋೖ • ϦϦʔε࡞ۀͷ୯७Խ  ίϯύΠϧͯ͠഑෍΁(CIͳͲ) • supervisord • ύϑΥʔϚϯεվળ গͣͭ͠

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๊͍͑ͯΔ໰୊ • ؀ڥઃఆ஋ͳͲͷڞ༗  viper? • όΠφϦʹ͢΂ͯͷσʔλΛ࣋ͨͤΔ͔  go-bindata etc • ϑϥάͱ؀ڥ͝ͱͷઃఆ஋  ιʔείʔυ಺ʹηΩϡΞͳ৘ใΛؚΊΒΕͳ͍ • ؆୯ͱ͸ݴͬͯ΋ͳ͔ͳ͔։ൃऀ͕૿͑ͳ͍

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Request Response web server + php

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$_SERVER net/http application server΁

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phpΛิ͍ɺͦΕΛαʔϏεͱͯ͠׆͔͢

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վળ͸࢝·ͬͨ͹͔Γ ՝୊ղܾΛPHP+αͰ (దࡐదॴ)

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PHPΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛGoݴޠͱ࡞Δ