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YURY NIÑO ROA Cloud Infrastructure Engineer Site Reliability Engineer Chaos Engineering Advocate @yurynino https://www.yurynino.dev/

Understanding Adversaries with Security Chaos Engineering

● Attacker Motivations ● Attacker Profiles ● Methods to Prevent ● Considerations ● Security and Reliability ● Security Chaos Engineering Agenda We are going to talk about www.yurynino.dev

www.yurynino.dev In 1989 written by Clifford Stoll wrote how to hunt for a computer hacker who broke into a computer at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Elliot Alderson, a cybersecurity engineer and hacker with social anxiety disorder and clinical depression. Elliot is recruited by an insurrectionary anarchist known as "Mr. Robot" to join a group of hacktivists called "fsociety".

Understanding a system’s adversaries is critical for building resilience and survivability for a wide variety of catastrophes. Adversaries in the security context are human; their actions are calculated to affect the target system in an undesirable way.

Attacker Motivations

Attacker Motivations www.yurynino.dev

Attacker Profiles

Attacker Profiles www.yurynino.dev

Hobbyists ● While debugging programs they discovered flaws that the original system designers hadn’t noticed. ● Curious technologists. They hack for fun! ● Motivated by their thirst for knowledge. www.yurynino.dev

Researchers ● Use their security expertise professionally. ● Employees, freelancers working finding vulnerabilities. ● Participate in Vulnerability Reward Programs Bug bounties. ● Motivated to make systems better, allies to organizations. ● Red Teams and penetration testers. www.yurynino.dev

Governments ● Security experts hired by Government organizations. ● Everybody could be a target of a Government. ACTIVITIES Intelligence gathering Military Purposes Policy Domestic www.yurynino.dev

Activists ● They are usually want to take credit publicity. ● Consider whether your business or project is involved in controversial topics. www.yurynino.dev

Criminal Actors ● Commonly they want to commit identities fraud, steal money and blackmail. ● The only barriers to entry for most criminal actors are a bit of time, a computer, and a little cash. www.yurynino.dev

Artificial Intelligence ● Some attacks could be executed without humans. ● Scientists and ethicists are designing machines might be capable enough to learn how to attack each other. ● Developers need to consider resilient system design. www.yurynino.dev

Methods to Study to Attackers

https://attack.mitre.org/ www.yurynino.dev

Considerations

You may not realize you are a target. Sophistication is not a true predictor of success. Attackers aren’t always afraid of being caught. Don’t underestimate your adversary. Attribution is hard. Considerations www.yurynino.dev

● Red/Blue Teaming exercises: ● With adversarial approach that imitates the behaviors and techniques of attackers. ● Two common forms of ● Ethical hacking ● Penetration testings How do we mitigate them? www.yurynino.dev

● Purple Teaming that reflects the cohesion of Red and Blue Teaming. ● They are an evolution of Red Team exercises by delivering a more cohesive experience between teams. ● The goal: collaboration of offensive and defensive tactics to improve the effectiveness of both groups. ● Purple Teams increase transparency and allow to learn about how effective engineers are. www.yurynino.dev How do we mitigate them?

PenTests are not enough! This requires a fundamentally new approach to cybersecurity, one that keeps pace with the rapidly evolving world of Security Engineering.

Security Chaos Engineering

Chaos Engineering It is the discipline of experimenting failures in production in order to reveal their weakness and to build confidence in their resilience capability. https://principlesofchaos.org/

www.yurynino.dev Common Attacks for CE https://www.gremlin.com/

We focus on confidentiality and reliability … when the issue is a cyberattack we do not commit ... What about Security? www.yurynino.dev

Security Chaos Engineering It is the identification of security control failures through proactive experimentation to build confidence in the system’s ability to defend against malicious conditions in production. Chaos Engineering Book. 2020

Principles Hypothesize about Steady State Run Experiments Vary Real-World Events Automate Experiments www.yurynino.dev

It is not the intention to overlook the value of Red and Purple Team Exercises or other security testing methods. With Security Chaos Engineering we can introduce false positives to check if procedures are capable of identifying security failures under controlled conditions. Security Chaos Journey www.yurynino.dev

Chaos Gamedays

Chaos Gamedays www.yurynino.dev GameDays are interactive team-based learning exercises designed to give players a chance to put their skills to the test in a real-world, gamified, risk-free environment. A Chaos GameDay is a practice event, and although it can take a whole day, it usually requires only a few hours. The goal is to practice how your team supports your systems with real-world turbulent conditions.

www.yurynino.dev Before After During ● Pick a hypothesis. ● Pick a style. ● Decide who. ● Decide where. ● Decide when. ● Document. ● Get approval! ● Detect the situation. ● Take a deep breath. ● Communicate. ● Visit dashboards. ● Analyze data. ● Propose solutions. ● Apply and solve! ● Write a postmortem. ● What Happened ● Impact ● Duration ● Resolution Time ● Resolution ● Timeline ● Action Items https://www.yurynino.dev/ The Framework

My Proposal

www.yurynino.dev https://www.yurynino.dev/ My Proposal Before After During ● Pick a hypothesis. ● Pick a style. ● Decide who. ● Decide where. ● Decide when. ● Document. ● Get approval! ● Detect the situation. ● Take a deep breath. ● Communicate. ● Visit dashboards. ● Analyze data. ● Propose solutions. ● Apply and solve! ● Write a postmortem. ● What Happened ● Impact ● Duration ● Resolution Time ● Resolution ● Timeline ● Action Items Evolve ● Improve vulnerability DB. ● Refine the process. ● Adjust metrics. ● Validate CMM position. ● Adapt next Gameday. ● Continuous Verification.

www.yurynino.dev https://www.yurynino.dev/ My Proposal ● Pick a hypothesis ● Pick a style ● Decide who ● Decide where ● Decide when ● Document ● Get approval! Understand the adversary: Motivations, profiles and methods. Reconsider the roles: Do you need consultant and google? Choose an style with adversaries: Dungeons & Dragons with at least 2 teams.

www.yurynino.dev https://www.yurynino.dev/ Examples of Experiments ● Introduce latency on security controls. ● Drop a folder like a script would do in production. ● Software secret clear text disclosure. ● Permission collision in a shared IAM role policy. ● Disable service event logging. ● API gateway shutdown. ● Unencrypted Bucket. ● Disable MFA.

Result: Hypothesis disproved. In this experiment the access to GCP was connected to the Active Directory. When an employee left the company his account is dropped and we lost the access to Google. Side Effect: Thinking in this scenario allows to consider another applications connected to Active Directory. www.yurynino.dev https://www.yurynino.dev/ Hypothesis: After the owner of Root account in Google Cloud left the company, we could use our cloud in a normal way.

www.yurynino.dev https://www.yurynino.dev/ My Proposal A security postmortem covers technology issues that the attacker exploited, and also recognizes opportunities for improved incident handling. Document the time frames and efforts associated with these action items, and decide which action items.

www.yurynino.dev https://www.yurynino.dev/ My Proposal ● Improve vulnerability DB. ● Refine the process. ● Adjust metrics. ● Validate CMM position. ● Adapt next Gameday. ● Continuous Verification. Continuous Verification encourages both of these requirements in a way that proactively educates engineers about the systems they operate. It is emerging as a crucial practice for navigating complex software systems. Continuous Verification is a game changer for complex software system management. In the future it will fundamentally change the scale and types of systems that we even consider building.

The adoption of the Security Chaos Engineering principles across organizations remains as an open challenge. Security may be included in the Chaos Maturity Model since combining a CMM and Security Chaos GameDays help newcomers to start their CE efforts and allow to build resilience on security. It’s an exciting time to be working on this space. For the Future www.yurynino.dev

Humans operate differently when they expect things to fail! Anonymous One single vulnerability is all an attacker needs. Window Snyder Chief Security Officer, Fastly

My Recommended Books www.yurynino.dev

How to Cook https://www.gremlin.com https://chaosengineering.slack.com https://github.com/dastergon/awesome-chaos-e ngineering https://www.infoq.com/chaos-engineering www.yurynino.dev

Thanks for coming!!! @yurynino www.yurynino.dev