変更容易性と理解容易性を支える自動テスト（2024/02版） / Automated Test Knowledge from Savanna 202402 YAPC::Hiroshima edition

by Takuto Wada

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ࣗಈςετ มߋ༰қੑͱཧղ༰қੑΛࢧ͑Δ 5BLVUP8"%" 'FC !:"1$)JSPTIJNB !U@XBEB !UXBEB 📷🙆 🙆 !UXBEB JEUXBEB ZBQD@JZBQDKBQBO

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݁࿦͔Β

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৴པੑͷߴ͍࣮ߦ݁Ռʹ ୹͍࣌ؒͰ౸ୡ͢Δঢ়ଶΛอͭ͜ͱͰɺ ։ൃऀʹࠜڌ͋Δࣗ৴Λ༩͑ɺ ιϑτ΢ΣΞͷ੒௕Λ࣋ଓՄೳʹ͢Δ͜ͱ ࣗಈςετͷ໨త

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৴པੑͷߴ͍ ࣮ߦ݁Ռʹ ୹͍࣌ؒͰ౸ୡ͢Δ ঢ়ଶΛอͭ "HFOEB 🦁

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ςετࣗಈԽͱاۀͷۀ੷ͷҼՌؔ܎ IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ ςετͷࣗಈԽʹ͓͍ͯɺ*5ύϑΥʔϚϯεͷ ༧ଌई౓ͱͳΓ͏Δ͜ͱ͕൑໌ͨ͠ͷ͸࣍ͷͭ ৴པੑͷߴ͍ࣗಈςετΛඋ͑Δ͜ͱ ։ൃऀओମͰड͚ೖΕςετΛ࡞੒ɾ؅ཧ͠ɺ खݩͷ։ൃ؀ڥͰ؆୯ʹ࠶ݱɾमਖ਼Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱ ʰ-FBOͱ%FW0QTͷՊֶʱQʢ˞༁ΛҰ෦มߋʣ

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IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ ςετʹ߹֨ͨ͠ιϑτ΢ΣΞͰ͋Ε͹ϦϦʔεՄೳɺෆ߹֨Ͱ͋Ε͹ॏେͳ ෆ۩߹͕͋ΔɺͱνʔϜ͕֬৴Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ͳςετΛ࣮ࢪ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ ޡݕ஌ʢِཅੑGBMTFQPTJUJWFʣ΍ݟಀ͠ʢِӄੑGBMTFOFHBUJWFʣ͕ଟ ͘ɺ৴པੑʹ͚ܽΔςετεΠʔτ͕͋·Γʹ΋ଟ͗͢Δ ৴པ౓ͷߴ͍ςετεΠʔτΛ࡞Γ্͛Δܧଓతͳ౒ྗͱ ౤ࢿ͸Ձ஋͕͋Δ ৴པੑͷߴ͍ࣗಈςετΛඋ͑Δ͜ͱ ʰ-FBOͱ%FW0QTͷՊֶʱQʢ˞༁ΛҰ෦มߋʣ

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੒ޭͱࣦഊ IUUQTHJIZPKQEFWTFSJBMTBWBOOBMFUUFS

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੒ޭͱࣦഊ IUUQTHJIZPKQEFWTFSJBMTBWBOOBMFUUFS σϓϩΠɺϚʔδ

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੒ޭͱࣦഊ IUUQTHJIZPKQEFWTFSJBMTBWBOOBMFUUFS σϓϩΠɺϚʔδ ໰୊Օॴͷಛఆͱम෮

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੒ޭͱࣦഊɺِཅੑͱِӄੑ IUUQTHJIZPKQEFWTFSJBMTBWBOOBMFUUFS

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੒ޭͱࣦഊɺِཅੑͱِӄੑ IUUQTHJIZPKQEFWTFSJBMTBWBOOBMFUUFS

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੒ޭͱࣦഊɺِཅੑͱِӄੑ IUUQTHJIZPKQEFWTFSJBMTBWBOOBMFUUFS ໰୊Օॴͷಛఆͱम෮ σϓϩΠɺϚʔδ

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৴པੑͷߴ͍ ࣮ߦ݁Ռʹ ୹͍࣌ؒͰ౸ୡ͢Δ ঢ়ଶΛอͭ "HFOEB 🦁

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ࣗಈςετͷ࣮ߦ݁Ռ͸ʮ৘ใʯͰ͋Γɺ৘ใͷ໾ ׂͱ͸ҙࢥܾఆͱߦಈΛଅ͢͜ͱ ςετͷ࣮ߦ݁Ռ͕ଅ͢ߦಈͱ͸ɺσϓϩΠɺϚʔ δɺίʔυͷमਖ਼ͳͲ ৘ใͷ໾ׂ͸ҙࢥܾఆͱߦಈΛଅ͢͜ͱ

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੒ޭ࣌ͷΞΫγϣϯɺࣦഊ࣌ͷΞΫγϣϯ σϓϩΠɺϚʔδ ໰୊Օॴͷಛఆͱम෮

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ςετͷग़ྗͱૂ͍ w ςετ݁Ռͷग़ྗͱૂ͍ w γάφϧͱͯ͠ w ܽؕͷߜΓࠐΈͱͯ͠ w υΩϡϝϯτͱͯ͠ w σʔλͱͯ͠ w ੒ޭ࣌ͷ৘ใྔΛίϯτϩʔϧ͢Δٕज़ w ςετ໊ͱߏ଄ w SFQPSUFS w ࣦഊ࣌ͷ৘ใྔΛίϯτϩʔϧ͢Δٕज़ w ςετ໊ͱߏ଄ w ςεταΠζʢޙड़ʣ w BTTFSUJPO FYQFDUBUJPO NBUDIFS % FN P

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৴པੑͷߴ͍ ࣮ߦ݁Ռʹ ୹͍࣌ؒͰ౸ୡ͢Δ ঢ়ଶΛอͭ "HFOEB 🦁

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ςεταΠζ ࣗಈςετͱ$*ʹϑΟοτ͢Δ ໌֬ͳςετ෼ྨج४

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օ͞Μʹ͓࢕͍͠·͢ 🙋🙋🙋 σʔλϕʔεʹΞΫηε͢Δͷ͸Ϣχοτςετ :FT/P ωοτϫʔΫʹΞΫηε͢Δͷ͸Ϣχοτςετ :FT/P ϑΝΠϧʹΞΫηε͢Δͷ͸Ϣχοτςετ :FT/P ݱࡏ࣌ࠁʹΞΫηε͢Δͷ͸Ϣχοτςετ :FT/P ґଘઌͷϞδϡʔϧʹຊ෺Λ࢖͏ͷ͸Ϣχοτςετ :FT/P

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IUUQTNBSUJOGPXMFSDPNCMJLJ6OJU5FTUIUNM 6OJU5FTUͷ6OJUͬͯԿʁ

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IUUQTNBSUJOGPXMFSDPNCMJLJ6OJU5FTUIUNM 6OJU5FTUͷ6OJUͬͯԿʁ

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5FTU4J[FΑΓᐆດ͞ͷগͳ͍෼ྨ

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IUUQTUFTUJOHHPPHMFCMPHDPNUFTUTJ[FTIUNM ྫ(PPHMFͷ"OESPJE։ൃνʔϜʹ͓͚Δ5FTU4J[F

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ςετϐϥϛου ࣗಈςετͷ৴པੑΛ த௕ظతʹอͭ ࠷దͳόϥϯε

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Ϣχοτ ΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯ && ίετ ஧࣮ੑ ଎౓ ςετέʔε਺ ߴ ௿ ௿ ߴ ܾఆੑ ςετϐϥϛου

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ςετϐϥϛουͱΞΠεΫϦʔϜίʔϯΞϯνύλʔϯ IUUQTXBUJSNFMPOCMPHJOUSPEVDJOHUIFTPGUXBSFUFTUJOHJDFDSFBNDPOF

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ࠞཚ͸ʮϢχοτʯʮΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯʯͷղऍͷϒϨ͔Βੜ͕ͪ͡

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Ϣχοτ ΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯ && ίετ ஧࣮ੑ ଎౓ ςετέʔε਺ ߴ ௿ ௿ ߴ ܾఆੑ ϒϨͷগͳ͍ςετͷ෼ྨج४͸ʜʜʁ

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ίετ ஧࣮ੑ ଎౓ ߴ ௿ ௿ ߴ ܾఆੑ ϒϨͷগͳ͍ςετͷ෼ྨج४ˠςεταΠζ 4NBMM .FEJVN -BSHF ςετέʔε਺

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ςετμϒϧ ஧࣮ੑͱܾఆੑͷ τϨʔυΦϑΛཧղ͢Δ

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IUUQYVOJUQBUUFSOTDPN5FTU%PVCMFIUNM ςετμϒϧࣗಈςετ༻ͷِ෺

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IUUQYVOJUQBUUFSOTDPN5FTU%PVCMFIUNM ςετμϒϧͷ෼ྨʢY651ʣ

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ςετμϒϧͷར఺ͱ஫ҙ఺ w ར఺ w ͦ΋ͦ΋ςετ͠ʹ͍͘΋ͷΛςετՄೳʹ͢Δ w ςετͷ଎౓ͱܾఆੑΛ޲্ͤ͞Δ w ஫ҙ఺ w ςετର৅ͷ࣮૷ͱͷߏ଄త݁߹͕ߴ·Γɺςετ͕੬͘ͳΓɺِ ཅੑΛট͘ w ࣗ࡞ࣗԋςετͷϦεΫ͕͋ΓɺِӄੑΛট͘

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αΠζμ΢ϯઓज़ͱ ςετϐϥϛου

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IUUQTXBUJSNFMPOCMPHJOUSPEVDJOHUIFTPGUXBSFUFTUJOHJDFDSFBNDPOF 4NBMM .FEJVN -BSHF खಈςετ Ͱ΋ɺଟ͘ͷݱ৔Ͱ͸ΞΠεΫϦʔϜίʔϯ͔Β࢝·ΔʢͦΕ͸ѱ͍͜ͱͰ͸ͳ͍ʣ

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Ͳ͏΍ͬͯΞΠεΫϦʔϜίʔϯΛϐϥϛουʹ͢Δ͔ IUUQTXBUJSNFMPOCMPHJOUSPEVDJOHUIFTPGUXBSFUFTUJOHJDFDSFBNDPOF 4NBMM .FEJVN -BSHF खಈςετ 4NBMM .FEJVN -BSHF

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IUUQTXBUJSNFMPOCMPHJOUSPEVDJOHUIFTPGUXBSFUFTUJOHJDFDSFBNDPOF 4NBMM .FEJVN -BSHF खಈςετ -BSHF͔Β.FEJVN΁

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IUUQYVOJUQBUUFSOTDPN5FTU%PVCMFIUNM -BSHF͔Β.FEJVN΁'BLF0CKFDU 'BLF͸ࣗಈςετ༻ͷ୅ସ࣮૷ɻ %ZOBNP%#ʹର͢Δ%ZOBNP%#MPDBM΍MPDBLTUBDL͕୅දྫɻ ίϯςφͰಈ࡞ͤ͞ΒΕΕ͹ςεταΠζ͕.FEJVNʹऩ·Δɻ

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IUUQTXBUJSNFMPOCMPHJOUSPEVDJOHUIFTPGUXBSFUFTUJOHJDFDSFBNDPOF 4NBMM .FEJVN -BSHF खಈςετ .FEJVN͔Β4NBMM΁

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.FEJVN͔Β4NBMM΁)VNCMF0CKFDU IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ ςετ༰қੑΛԼ͍͛ͯΔཁૉΛബ͘੾Γग़͠ɺ ςετՄೳൣғΛ޿͘औΔجຊύλʔϯ

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ΞΠεΫϦʔϜίʔϯ͔Βϐϥϛου΁ IUUQTXBUJSNFMPOCMPHJOUSPEVDJOHUIFTPGUXBSFUFTUJOHJDFDSFBNDPOF 4NBMM .FEJVN -BSHF खಈςετ 4NBMM .FEJVN -BSHF

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4NBMM .FEJVN -BSHF ίετ ஧࣮ੑ ଎౓ ςετέʔε਺ ߴ ௿ ௿ ߴ ܾఆੑ ςετμϒϧͰαΠζμ΢ϯͯ͠ɺ֤αΠζΛϐϥϛουܕʹ഑ஔ͠ɺςετશମͷ৴པੑΛҡ࣋͢Δ ςετμϒϧ ςετμϒϧ ςετ༰қੑઃܭ υϝΠϯઃܭ

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medium small large ςετϐϥϛουͱςεταΠζͱϏϧυύΠϓϥΠϯ ϝϞϦ಺Ͱಈ͘4NBMM5FTU Ͱ͖Δ͚ͩ͜͜ͷൺ཰ΛߴΊ͍ͨ ϏϧυޙͷΠϝʔδ΍%#౳Λ૊Έ߹Θͤͨ .FEJVN5FTU ࣮γεςϜʹ͍ۙߏ੒ͷ -BSHF5FTU ʢͳͷͰ஗ͯ͘ෆ҆ఆʣ

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৴པੑͷߴ͍ ࣮ߦ݁Ռʹ ୹͍࣌ؒͰ౸ୡ͢Δ ঢ়ଶΛอͭ "HFOEB 🦁 🦁

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ِཅੑͱِӄੑͷύλʔϯ w ِཅੑ w ੬͍ςετ CSJUUMFUFTU GSBHJMFUFTU w ৴པෆೳςετ fl BLZUFTU w ِӄੑ w ۭৼΓ w ΧόϨοδෆ଍ɺςετෆ଍ w ࣗ࡞ࣗԋ

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৴པෆೳੑʢ fl BLJOFTTʣ͕ʹ઀ۙ͢Δͱɺςετ͸Ձ஋Λࣦ͍࢝ΊΔ IUUQTXXXPSFJMMZDPKQCPPLT ʰ(PPHMFͷιϑτ΢ΣΞΤϯδχΞϦϯάʱQ

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ِཅੑͱِӄੑͷύλʔϯ w ِཅੑ w ੬͍ςετ CSJUUMFUFTU GSBHJMFUFTU w ৴པෆೳςετ fl BLZUFTU w ِӄੑ w ۭৼΓ w ΧόϨοδෆ଍ɺςετෆ଍ w ࣗ࡞ࣗԋ

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4NBMM ʢ୯Ұϓϩηεʣ .FEJVN ʢ୯ҰϚγϯʣ -BSHF ʢ੍໿ͳ͠ʣ 6OJU େ͍ʹਪ঑ ආ͚͍͕ͨ ͔ͨ͠ͳ͍ͱ͖΋ ࠷ѱ͕ͩ Α͘ݟ͔͚Δ *OUFHSBUJPO ॻ͚ΔͳΒ ίεύྑ͠ ී௨ Ͱ͖Ε͹ ආ͚͍ͨ && ݪཧ্ෆՄೳʹ͍͕ۙ খ͍͞γεςϜͳΒՄೳʁ খ͍͞γεςϜ ͳΒՄೳ ී௨͔ͭ $6+ʹߜΓ͍ͨ 5FTU4DPQFͱ5FTU4J[F ߏ଄త ݁߹౓ ௿ ߴ 5FTU4J[F 5FTU4DPQF ೉ қ ໰୊Օॴಛఆͷ༰қ͞

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ِཅੑͱِӄੑͷύλʔϯ w ِཅੑ w ੬͍ςετ CSJUUMFUFTU GSBHJMFUFTU w ৴པෆೳςετ fl BLZUFTU w ِӄੑ w ۭৼΓ w ΧόϨοδෆ଍ɺςετෆ଍ w ࣗ࡞ࣗԋ

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// プロダクトコード class Item { // コンストラクタ割愛 tax_amount() { const rate = (this.tax_rate / 100); return (this.price / (1 + rate)) * rate; } } // テストコード it('税込価格から税額を返す', () => { const item = new Item('技評茶', 130, 8); const expected = (130 / (1 + (8 / 100))) * (8 / 100); assert.equal(item.tax_amount(), expected); }); ࣗ࡞ࣗԋͷྫςετର৅ϩδοΫͷςετίʔυ΁ͷ࿙Εग़͠ ԁະຬͷ୺਺͕ൃੜ͢Δ όά͕͋Δ ςετίʔυͷํ΋ಉ͡ϩδοΫͰ ظ଴஋Λܭࢉ͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰ ςετ͕੒ޭͯ͠͠·͏

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৴པੑͷߴ͍ ࣮ߦ݁Ռʹ ୹͍࣌ؒͰ౸ୡ͢Δ ঢ়ଶΛอͭ "HFOEB 🦁

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ࣗಈςετจԽͱ͸

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IUUQTXXXPSFJMMZDPKQCPPLT ࣗಈςετจԽͱ͸ ʰ(PPHMFͷιϑτ΢ΣΞΤϯδχΞϦϯάʱQ ʰ(PPHMFͷιϑτ΢ΣΞΤϯδχΞϦϯάʱQQ

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ʰY6OJU5FTU1BUUFSOTʱΑΓ อकੑʹ໰୊Λ๊͑ͨςετ ςετίʔυͷϝϯςφϯεͱ޲͖߹͏ IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ ཧ૝ ݱ࣮

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w ςετࣗಈԽʹເΛݟͳ͍ w ࣗಈςετͷϝϯςφϯεʹશһ͕ෲམͪ͢Δ w ࣗಈςετͷϝϯςφϯείετΛԼ͛Δ౒ྗΛଵΒͳ͍ ࣗಈςετจԽͱ͸ɺࣗಈςετͷॏཁੑͱอकੑʢཧղ༰қ ੑɺมߋ༰қੑʣΛ૊৫ɺνʔϜ͕ཧղ͠ɺվળ౒ྗΛܧଓత ʹߦ͏จԽ ࣗಈςετจԽͱ͸

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ςετʹίετ͕͔͔Δ ͜ͱͷղܾํ๏͸ɺςε τΛ΍ΊΔ͜ͱͰ͸͋Γ ·ͤΜɻ͏·͘ͳΔ͜ͱ Ͱ͢ɻ 4BOEJ.FU[ ʰΦϒδΣΫτࢦ޲ઃܭ࣮ફΨΠυʱQ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL

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4NBMM .FEJVN -BSHF ίετ ஧࣮ੑ ଎౓ ςετέʔε਺ ߴ ௿ ௿ ߴ ܾఆੑ ·ͱΊςετμϒϧͰαΠζμ΢ϯͯ͠ɺ֤αΠζΛϐϥϛουܕʹ഑ஔ͠ɺςετશମͷ৴པੑΛҡ࣋͢Δ ςετμϒϧ ςετμϒϧ ςετ༰қੑઃܭ υϝΠϯઃܭ

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͝ਗ਼ௌ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠