メソッド探しの旅

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גࣜձࣾiCARE αʔόʔαΠυΤϯδχΞ ࣉҪ লޗ(@krpk1900_dev) ϝιου୳͠ͷཱྀ

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2 גࣜձࣾiCARE αʔόʔαΠυΤϯδχΞ ࣉҪ লޗ 2021೥8݄ʹαʔόʔαΠυΤϯδχΞͱͯ͠גࣜ ձࣾiCAREʹೖࣾɻࠓ೔͸ٕज़ސ໰ͷલౡ͞ΜͱҰ ॹʹຖिߦ͍ͬͯΔʮϝλϓϩάϥϛϯάRubyษڧ ձʯͰֶΜͩ͜ͱΛൃද͠·͢ɻ ࣗݾ঺հ

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3 ΫϥεͱΦϒδΣΫτͷؔ܎ class C def c_instance_method @my_var = 1 end end obj = C.new C @my_var c_instance_method obj @my_var c_instance_method Ϋϥε͔ΒΦϒδΣΫτΛੜ੒

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4 ΫϥεͱΦϒδΣΫτͷؔ܎ class C def c_instance_method @my_var = 1 end end obj = C.new C @my_var c_instance_method obj @my_var c_instance_method Ϋϥε͔ΒΦϒδΣΫτΛੜ੒ C c_instance_method obj @my_var Ϋϥε΁ͷࢀর Ϋϥε͸   ΠϯελϯεϝιουΛ࣋ͭ ΦϒδΣΫτ͸   Πϯελϯεม਺ͱ   Ϋϥε΁ͷࢀরΛ࣋ͭ

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5 ΦϒδΣΫτ͸ϝιουΛ࣋ͨͳ͍

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6 ΦϒδΣΫτ͸ϝιουΛ࣋ͨͳ͍ Ͳ͏΍ͬͯϝιουΛ࣮ߦ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔ʁ

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7 ϝιου୳ࡧͷجຊ class C def c_instance_method @my_var = 1 end end obj = C.new obj.c_instance_method C c_instance_method obj @my_var • ࢀর͍ͯ͠ΔΫϥεʹϝιουΛ୳͠ʹߦ͘ • ݟ͔ͭͬͨΒ࣮ߦ Ϋϥε΁ͷࢀর

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8 ΦϒδΣΫτΛ2ͭੜ੒ͨ͠ͱ͖ class C def c_instance_method @my_var = 1 end end obj = C.new obj.c_instance_method obj2 = C.new obj2.c_instance_method obj @my_var • Πϯελϯεϝιου͸Ϋϥεʹ͋Γɺ   ڞ௨ͷϝιουΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ • Πϯελϯεม਺͸ΦϒδΣΫτʹ͋Γɺ   ͦΕͧΕผͷ΋ͷͰ͋Δ C c_instance_method obj2 @my_var

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9 ݺͼग़ͨ͠ϝιου͕ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ͱ͖ class C def c_instance_method @my_var = 1 end end obj = C.new obj.missing_method # ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ϝιου • ϝιου͕ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͚Ε͹ɺsuperclassΛ   ͨͲͬͯ୳ࡧ͍ͯ͘͠ • BasicObject·Ͱ୳ࡧͯ͠΋ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͚Ε͹   NoMethodError obj @my_var C c_instance_method Ϋϥε΁ͷࢀর Object superclass BasicObject superclass ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͔ͬͨͷͰ   superclassΛ୳ࡧ BasicObject·Ͱ   ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͔ͬͨͷͰ   NoMethodError

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10 ΫϥεΛܧঝͨ͠ͱ͖ class C def c_instance_method @my_var = 1 end end class D < C; end obj = D.new obj.c_instance_method • ·ͣ͸ΦϒδΣΫτͷࢀর͍ͯ͠ΔΫϥεΛ୳ࡧ͢Δ • ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͚Ε͹superclassΛ୳ࡧ͢Δ • ݟ͔ͭΕ͹ͦ͜Ͱ࣮ߦ͢Δ obj @my_var D Ϋϥε΁ͷࢀর superclass ݟ͔ͭͬͨͷͰ   ୳ࡧऴྃ C superclass Object superclass BasicObject c_instance_method

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11 ΦʔόʔϥΠυͨ͠ͱ͖ class C def c_instance_method @my_var = 1 end end class D < C def c_instance_method @my_var = 2 end end obj = D.new obj.c_instance_method obj @my_var D Ϋϥε΁ͷࢀর superclass ઌʹݟ͚ͭΒΕΔͨΊ   ͪ͜Β͕࣮ߦ͞ΕΔ C superclass Object superclass BasicObject c_instance_method c_instance_method

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12 ϞδϡʔϧΛincludeͨ͠ͱ͖ module M def m_method "m_method" end end class C include M def c_instance_method @my_var = 1 end end obj = C.new obj.m_method obj @my_var C Ϋϥε΁ͷࢀর include includeͨ͠Ϟδϡʔϧ͸   1্ͭʹૠೖ͞ΕΔ M superclass Object superclass BasicObject m_method c_instance_method superclassΛ୳ࡧ͢Δ   ΑΓલʹϞδϡʔϧ͕   ୳ࡧ͞ΕΔ

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module M1 def m1_method "m1_method" end end module M2 def m2_method "m2_method" end end class C include M1 include M2 def c_instance_method @my_var = 1 end end obj = C.new obj.m1_method 13 ϞδϡʔϧΛ2ͭincludeͨ͠ͱ͖ obj @my_var Ϋϥε΁ͷࢀর C c_instance_method M2 m2_method M1 m1_method Object BasicObject include include superclass superclass ݟ͔ͭͬͨͷͰ   ୳ࡧऴྃ • ޙʹincludeͨ͠Ϟδϡʔϧ͕   ΑΓԼʹૠೖ͞ΕΔ • ઌʹ୳ࡧ͞ΕΔ • ͭ·ΓΦʔόʔϥΠυͰ͖Δ

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14 ϞδϡʔϧΛprependͨ͠ͱ͖ module M def m_method "m_method" end end class C prepend M def c_instance_method @my_var = 1 end end obj = C.new obj.m_method obj @my_var M Ϋϥε΁ͷࢀর prepend prependͨ͠Ϟδϡʔϧ͸   Լʹૠೖ͞ΕΔ C superclass Object superclass BasicObject c_instance_method m_method

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module M1 def m1_method "m1_method" end end module M2 def m2_method "m2_method" end end class C prepend M1 prepend M2 def c_instance_method @my_var = 1 end end obj = C.new obj.m1_method 15 ϞδϡʔϧΛ2ͭprependͨ͠ͱ͖ obj @my_var Ϋϥε΁ͷࢀর M2 m2_method M1 m1_method C c_instance_method Object BasicObject pretend pretend superclass superclass ݟ͔ͭͬͨͷͰ   ୳ࡧऴྃ • ޙʹprependͨ͠Ϟδϡʔϧ͕   ΑΓԼʹૠೖ͞ΕΔ • ઌʹ୳ࡧ͞ΕΔ • ͭ·ΓΦʔόʔϥΠυͰ͖Δ

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16 w ಛҟϝιουͱ͸ɺಛఆͷΦϒδΣΫτʹ   ͷΈ௥Ճ͞Εͨϝιου w Ұํɺϝιου͸Ϋϥε͕͍࣋ͬͯΔ

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17 w ಛҟϝιουͱ͸ɺಛఆͷΦϒδΣΫτʹ   ͷΈ௥Ճ͞Εͨϝιου w Ұํɺϝιου͸Ϋϥε͕͍࣋ͬͯΔ ಛҟϝιου͸ͲͷΫϥε͕͍࣋ͬͯΔͷ͔ʁ

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18 ಛҟϝιου͕͋Δ৔ॴ • ΋͠ΦϒδΣΫτ͕ࢀর͍ͯ͠ΔΫϥεʹಛҟϝιου͕௥Ճ͞ΕΔͱͨ͠Βɺ   ଞͷΦϒδΣΫτ͔Β΋ݺͼग़ͤͯ͠·͏ obj @my_var C obj_singleton_method obj2 @my_var

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19 ಛҟϝιου͕͋Δ৔ॴ • ΋͠ΦϒδΣΫτ͕ࢀর͍ͯ͠ΔΫϥεʹಛҟϝιου͕௥Ճ͞ΕΔͱͨ͠Βɺ   ଞͷΦϒδΣΫτ͔Β΋ݺͼग़ͤͯ͠·͏ obj @my_var C obj_singleton_method obj2 @my_var

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20 ಛҟϝιου͕͋Δ৔ॴ class C def c_instance_method @my_var = 1 end end obj = C.new def obj.obj_singleton_method "obj_singleton_method" end obj.obj_singleton_method obj @my_var #obj Ϋϥε΁ͷࢀর superclass ݟ͔ͭͬͨͷͰ ୳ࡧऴྃ C superclass Object superclass BasicObject c_instance_method obj_singleton_method ʢobj.singleton_classʣ

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21 ಛҟϝιου͕͋Δ৔ॴ obj @my_var #obj Ϋϥε΁ͷࢀর superclass ݟ͔ͭͬͨͷͰ ୳ࡧऴྃ C superclass Object superclass BasicObject c_instance_method obj_singleton_method ʢobj.singleton_classʣ • ࣮͸ɺ֤ΦϒδΣΫτ͸ඞͣҰͭͷಛҟΫϥεΛ͍࣋ͬͯΔ • ͜Ε·Ͱϝιου୳ࡧͰ͸ಛҟΫϥεΛ࠷ॳʹ୳ࡧ͍ͯͨ͠ • ࠓ·Ͱ͸ಛҟΫϥεʹϝιου͕ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͔ͬͨͷͰ   ૉ௨Γ͍ͯͨ͠ • ಛҟϝιου͸ಛҟΫϥεʹଐ͢Δ • ಛҟΫϥεͷsuperclass͸ΦϒδΣΫτͷࢀর͍ͯ͠ΔΫϥε • ͭ·ΓಛҟΫϥεʹϝιου͕ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͚Ε͹ɺ   ࣍ͷ୳ࡧର৅͸ΦϒδΣΫτ͕ࢀর͍ͯ͠ΔΫϥεʹͳΔ • ͨͩ͠obj͕ࢀর͍ͯ͠ΔΫϥε͸CΫϥεͰ͋Δ

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22 Ϋϥεϝιου͸Ͳ͜ʹ͍Δʁ

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23 Ϋϥεϝιου class C def c_instance_method; end def self.c_class_method; end end obj = C.new obj.c_instance_method # => ᶃ nil ʢϝιου͕ଘࡏʣ obj.c_class_method # => ᶄ NoMethodError C.c_instance_method # => ᶅ NoMethodError C.c_class_method # => ᶆ nil ʢϝιου͕ଘࡏʣ • Ϋϥεϝιου͸Ϋϥε͔ΒࢀরͰ͖Δϝιου • Ϋϥε͔Βੜ੒ͨ͠ΦϒδΣΫτ͔Β͸ݺͼग़ͤͳ͍ • Ϋϥε΋ΦϒδΣΫτͰ͋Δ • ͭ·ΓɺΫϥεϝιουͱ͸Ϋϥεͱ͍͏ΦϒδΣΫτͷಛҟϝιουͰ͋Δ

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24 ᶃΦϒδΣΫτ͔ΒΠϯελϯεϝιουΛݺΜͩͱ͖ obj.c_instance_method => nil ʢϝιου͕ଘࡏʣ obj @my_var #obj Ϋϥε΁ͷࢀর superclass C superclass Object superclass BasicObject c_instance_method ʢobj.singleton_classʣ • Ϩγʔό͸obj • ୳ࡧ͸objͷಛҟΫϥεͰ͋Δ#obj͔Β࢝·Δ • c_instance_method͕ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͍ͷͰ   ࣍͸superclassΛ୳ࡧ͢Δ • ݟ͔ͭͬͨͷͰϝιουΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ #C c_class_method ʢC.singleton_classʣ

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25 ᶄΦϒδΣΫτ͔ΒΫϥεϝιουΛݺΜͩͱ͖ obj.c_class_method => NoMethodError obj @my_var #obj Ϋϥε΁ͷࢀর superclass C superclass Object superclass BasicObject c_instance_method ʢobj.singleton_classʣ • Ϩγʔό͸obj • ୳ࡧ͸objͷಛҟΫϥεͰ͋Δ#obj͔Β࢝·Δ • c_class_method͕ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͍ͷͰ   ࣍͸superclassΛ୳ࡧ͢Δ • BasicObject·Ͱ୳ͯ͠΋ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͍ͷͰ   NoMethodError #C c_class_method ʢC.singleton_classʣ

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26 ᶅΫϥε͔ΒΠϯελϯεϝιουΛݺΜͩͱ͖ C.c_instance_method => NoMethodError obj @my_var • Ϩγʔό͸C • ୳ࡧ͸CͷಛҟΫϥεͰ͋Δ#C͔Β࢝·Δ • c_instance_method͕ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͍ͷͰ   ࣍͸superclassΛ୳ࡧ͢Δ • #Cͷsuperclass͸ʮCͷsuperclassͰ͋Δ   ObjectʯͷಛҟΫϥε#ObjectͰ͋Δ • ಉ͡ཁྖͰ#BasicObject·Ͱ୳ࡧ͢Δ • ಛҟΫϥε#BasicObjectͷsuperclass͸   ClassΫϥε • Class → Module → Object → BasicObject   ͱ୳ࡧͯ͠ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͍ͷͰ   NoMethodError c_class_method Object BasicObject #Object #BasicObject c_class_method Module Class C #obj #C Ϋϥε΁ͷࢀর superclass superclass superclass superclass superclass superclass superclass ʢobj.singleton_classʣ ʢC.singleton_classʣ ʢObject.singleton_classʣ ʢBasicObject .singleton_classʣ superclass

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27 ᶆΫϥε͔ΒΫϥεϝιουΛݺΜͩͱ͖ C.c_class_method => nil ʢϝιου͕ଘࡏʣ obj @my_var • Ϩγʔό͸C • ୳ࡧ͸CͷಛҟΫϥεͰ͋Δ#C͔Β࢝·Δ • c_class_method͕ݟ͔ͭͬͨͷͰ࣮ߦ c_class_method Object BasicObject #Object #BasicObject c_class_method Module Class C #obj #C Ϋϥε΁ͷࢀর superclass superclass superclass superclass superclass superclass superclass ʢobj.singleton_classʣ ʢC.singleton_classʣ ʢObject.singleton_classʣ ʢBasicObject .singleton_classʣ superclass

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28 Ϩγʔό͔Βӈ΁Ұาɺ͔ͦ͜Β্΁ ʢϝλϓϩάϥϛϯά3VCZΑΓʣ

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29 ᶄΦϒδΣΫτ͔ΒΫϥεϝιουΛݺΜͩͱ͖ obj.c_class_method => NoMethodError obj @my_var #obj Ϋϥε΁ͷࢀর superclass C superclass Object superclass BasicObject c_instance_method ʢobj.singleton_classʣ • Ϩγʔό͸obj • ୳ࡧ͸objͷಛҟΫϥεͰ͋Δ#obj͔Β࢝·Δ • c_class_method͕ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͍ͷͰ   ࣍͸superclassΛ୳ࡧ͢Δ • BasicObject·Ͱ୳ͯ͠΋ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͍ͷͰ   NoMethodError #C c_class_method ʢC.singleton_classʣ

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30 ᶅΫϥε͔ΒΠϯελϯεϝιουΛݺΜͩͱ͖ C.c_instance_method => NoMethodError obj @my_var • Ϩγʔό͸C • ୳ࡧ͸CͷಛҟΫϥεͰ͋Δ#C͔Β࢝·Δ • c_instance_method͕ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͍ͷͰ   ࣍͸superclassΛ୳ࡧ͢Δ • #Cͷsuperclass͸ʮCͷsuperclassͰ͋Δ   ObjectʯͷಛҟΫϥε#ObjectͰ͋Δ • ಉ͡ཁྖͰ#BasicObject·Ͱ୳ࡧ͢Δ • ಛҟΫϥε#BasicObjectͷsuperclass͸   ClassΫϥε • Class → Module → Object → BasicObject   ͱ୳ࡧͯ͠ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͍ͷͰ   NoMethodError c_class_method Object BasicObject #Object #BasicObject c_class_method Module Class C #obj #C Ϋϥε΁ͷࢀর superclass superclass superclass superclass superclass superclass superclass ʢobj.singleton_classʣ ʢC.singleton_classʣ ʢObject.singleton_classʣ ʢBasicObject .singleton_classʣ superclass

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31 ࢀߟʹ͍͍ͤͯͨͩͨ͞ॻ੶ɾهࣄ • ϝλϓϩάϥϛϯάRubyୈ2൛ • 2ষ ΦϒδΣΫτϞσϧ • 5ষ Ϋϥεఆٛ • ѹ౗௾άϥϯύͷϒϩά • ʲRubyʳϝιου୳ࡧ͔ΒݟΔɺϞδϡʔϧɾಛҟϝιουɾಛҟΫϥε

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32 \ We're Hiring👍 / https://herp.careers/v1/icare 👇 Ԡื͸ͪ͜Β(HERP) https://note.icare-carely.co.jp/ 👇 ެࣜnote͸ͪ͜Β

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33 ಇ͘ͻͱͷ݈߁Λੈքதʹ૑Δ