Biodiversity Building Blocks for Policy B-Cubed Leveraging analysis-ready biodiversity datasets and cloud computing for timely and actionable biodiversity monitoring TDWG 2023, Hobart, Australia Peter Desmet

Biodiversity Building Blocks for Policy New Horizon Europe project

Biodiversity Building Blocks for Policy Opportunity Global biodiversity crisis requires rapid, reliable and repeatable biodiversity monitoring data which decision makers can use to evaluate policy. Challenge B-Cubed is standardizing access to biodiversity data, empowering policymakers to address the impacts of biodiversity change. Aim Such information – from local to global level and within relevant timescales – calls for an improved integration of data on biodiversity from different sources.

Biodiversity Building Blocks for Policy Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBV) ● Data cube with 3 dimensions ○ Taxonomic ○ Temporal ○ Spatial ● Each with extent, resolution and uncertainty ● Measurements (count) Kissling et al. (2018) doi.org/10.1111/brv.12359

Biodiversity Building Blocks for Policy Species occurrence cube SELECT taxon, year, round(lat) || '_' || round(lon) AS grid_cell, count(*) FROM occurrences GROUP BY taxon, year, grid_cell taxon year grid_cell count Vespa crabro 2020 50_3 15 Vespa crabro 2020 50_4 14 Vespa crabro 2020 50_5 4 Vespa crabro 2020 51_3 20 Vespa crabro 2021 50_3 11 Vespa crabro 2021 50_4 9 Vespa velutina 2020 50_3 4 Vespa velutina 2020 50_4 2 Vespa velutina 2021 50_3 16 Vespa velutina 2021 50_4 5 Desmet et al. (2023) bit.ly/D2_1_v1

Biodiversity Building Blocks for Policy Spatial grid assignment ● Spatial reference grid ○ EEA (1x1 km, 10x10 km) ○ QDGC (15x15 min, 30x30 min) ○ MGRS (1x1 m, 10x10 m) ● Assign occurrence to grid ○ Take into account uncertainty ○ Random assignment within uncertainty Oldoni et al. (2020) doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.23.983601

Biodiversity Building Blocks for Policy Spatial grid assignment SELECT taxon, year, eea_grid_code( lat, lon, coord_uncertainty, size = "10km", assignment = "random" ) AS grid_cell, count(*) FROM occurrences GROUP BY taxon, year, grid_cell taxon year grid_cell count Vespa crabro 2020 10kmE380N3 11 2 Vespa crabro 2020 10kmE380N3 12 2 Vespa crabro 2020 10kmE380N3 12 0 (no row) Vespa crabro 2020 10kmE381N3 11 5 Vespa crabro 2021 10kmE380N3 11 3 Vespa crabro 2021 10kmE380N3 12 2 Vespa velutina 2020 10kmE380N3 11 1 Vespa velutina 2020 10kmE380N3 12 1 Vespa velutina 2021 10kmE380N3 11 7 Vespa velutina 2021 10kmE380N3 12 2

Biodiversity Building Blocks for Policy SELECT taxon, year, count(*), count_higher(*, "genus") AS count_genus, FROM occurrences GROUP BY taxon, year Sampling bias taxon year count count_genu s Vespa crabro 2020 15152 20361 Vespa crabro 2021 15055 20533 Vespa crabro 2022 20655 38641 Vespa crabro 2023 1805 7192 Vespa velutina 2020 3683 20361 Vespa velutina 2021 3825 20533 Vespa velutina 2022 16259 38641 Vespa velutina 2023 5108 7192

Biodiversity Building Blocks for Policy Using cubes in B-Cubed ● Modeled cubes ○ Suitability cube ○ Dissimilarity cube ○ Network invasibility cube ● Indicators ○ Phylogenetic indicators ○ Impact of alien taxa indicators ○ Robustness indicators

Biodiversity Building Blocks for Policy Automated workflows Cloud computing Policy aligned Tutorials Case studies FAIR and open

Biodiversity Building Blocks for Policy New GBIF download service ● Search & filter occurrences ○ Improved temporal processing ○ Filters to exclude occurrences ● Define cube ○ Dimensions ○ Output format (CSV, Parquet, NetCDF) ○ Destination (GBIF, cloud provider) ● DOI + Metadata

Biodiversity Building Blocks for Policy Hackathon ● Innovate with data cubes! ○ Interoperability with other data ○ Visualizations, integrations ○ Engage with the community ● Location: Brussels, Belgium ● Save the date: 2-5 April 2024

Biodiversity Building Blocks for Policy Thank you ● Presentation: bit.ly/tdwg-2023-b-cubed ● DOI: 10.3897/biss.7.110734 ● Website: b-cubed.eu ● Twitter/X: @BCubedProject ● LinkedIn: B-Cubed Project Quentin Groom Laura Abraham Tim Adriaens Lissa Breugelmans David A. Clarke Miguel A. Fernández Louise Hendrickx Cang Hui Sabrina Kumschick Matilde Martini Melodie McGeoch Teodor Metodiev Joe Miller Co-authors Damiano Oldoni Henrique M. Pereira Cristina Preda Tim Robertson Duccio Rocchini Hanno Seebens Heliana Teixeira Maarten Trekels John R.Wilson Nikol Yovcheva Tsungai Zengeya Peter Desmet