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#1 Readable Code Part 1
͡ΊͯͷITษڧձ
Sekainet Inc.
Yasutaka KOUNO
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Տɹ߁ོ
̍̔̑̕ੜ·Εɹ
ౡݝ܊ࢁࢢग़
ͷதݎSIerʹ6ैࣄ
201210݄ʹηΧΠωοτΛ্ཱͪ͛
JavaΛϝΠϯʹWebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷόο
ΫΤϯυɾαʔϏεߏஙΛओʹ୲
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גࣜձࣾηΧΠωοτ
ઋͷWebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ࡞ձࣾ
ۀܥWebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛओʹ։ൃ
2012ۀ ݱࡏ̑ظ
ࣾһษڧձϋοΧιϯͳͲͷ
ΠϕϯτʹΑ͘ࢀՃ͍ͯ͠·͢
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Agenda
ͳͥɺಡΊΔίʔυΛॻ͖͘ͳͷ͔ʁ
·ͣɺ໊લΛվળ͠Α͏
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ͳͥɺಡΊΔίʔυΛॻ͖͘ͳͷ͔ʁ
ಡΊΔίʔυͱͳΜͩΖ͏ʁ
ಡΊΔίʔυΛॻ͘͜ͱʹͲΜͳҙ͕ٛ͋ΔͷͩΖ͏ʁ
ಡΊΔίʔυΛॻ͔ͳ͍͜ͱʹɺͲΜͳةݥ͕͋ΔͷͩΖ͏ʁ
·ͣɺతΛ֬ೝ͠Α͏ɻ
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ίʔυͷՁͬͯͳΜͩΖ͏ʁ
ʁ
࣮ࡍʹಈ͘ίʔυ
ʹ
Ձͷ͋Δίʔυ
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ಈ͘ίʔυར༻ऀʹՁΛͨΒ͕͢…
ಈ͘͜ͱ͚ͩΛ༏ઌͯ͠ίʔυΛॻ͍ͨΒ
Ԛͯ͘ಡΊͳ͍ɻߏ͕ཧղͰ͖ͳ͍
υΩϡϝϯτඋ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍
ͦΕʹΑΔฐ
όάͷमਖ਼͕ࠔ
ػೳՃ͕ࠔ
ߋʹղͳίʔυ͕૿͑Δ
৽نࢀೖϝϯόʔ͕ཧղͰ͖ͳ͍
݁Ռɺӡ༻ίετ͕ઇͩΔ·ࣜʹ૿͑ͯΏ͘
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ׂΕ૭ཧ
ʮݐͷ૭͕յΕ͍ͯΔͷΛ์ஔ͢Δͱɺ
୭ҙΛ͍ͬͯͳ͍ͱ͍͏ʹͳΓɺ
͕ͯଞͷ૭·ͳ͘શͯյ͞ΕΔʯ
ѱ͍ڥΛ์ஔ͢Δͱߋʹڥ͕ѱԽ͢Δ
ͱ͍͏ཧɻ
ߥΕ͍ͯΔঢ়ଶʼܰ൜ࡑ͕૿͑ΔʼϞϥϧ
͕Լͯ͠൜ࡑ͕૿͑Δʼڟѱ൜ࡑΛؚΊ
ͨ൜ࡑ͕૿͑Δͱ͍͏ͷɻ
ίʔυͰಉ͜͡ͱ͕ى͜Δɻ
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ಡΊͳ͍ίʔυʹٕज़తෛ࠴
ಈ͘͜ͱΛ༏ઌͯ͠ɺಡΊͳ͍ίʔυΛ์ஔ͍ͯ͠Δ
ͱɺͦΕ͕ݺͼਫͱͳͬͯߋʹಡΊͳ͍ίʔυ͕૿େ
͍͖ͯ͠·͢ɻ
͜ͷΑ͏ͳঢ়ଶΛआۚͱརଉʹͳͧΒ͑ͯɺ
ٕज़తෛ࠴ͱݴ͍·͢ɻ
ٕज़తෛ࠴͕૿͑͗͢Δͱɺ࠷ऴతʹͲͷΑ͏ͳର
ॲࠔʹͳΓɺίʔυΛͯ͢ഁغ͢Δ͜ͱʹͳΓ
·͢ɻ
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ಈ͍ͯɺಡΊͳ͍ίʔυӡ༻͕ࠔ
Ձ͘ɺίετʹݟ߹Θͳ͍
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ͰɺՁ͕͋Δίʔυͱʁ
ҎԼͷ̏ͭͷཁ݅Λຬͨͨ͠ͷ
• ਖ਼͘͠ಈ࡞͢Δίʔυ
• ༰қ͔ͭਖ਼֬ʹཧղͰ͖Δίʔυ
• मਖ਼֦ு͕༰қͳίʔυ
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Ձͷ͋ΔίʔυΛॻͨ͘Ίͷख๏
• ςετۦಈ։ൃ(TDD)
• ΞδϟΠϧ։ൃ/εΫϥϜ
• ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ
• σβΠϯύλʔϯ
• ܧଓతΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯ
• ߏԽϓϩάϥϛϯάɾΦϒδΣΫτࢦ
• etc.
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໌͔Β୭Ͱ͙͢ʹ࣮ફͰ͖ͯɺ
্ྲྀɾԼྲྀɾ্ڃऀɾॳ৺ऀΛΘͣɺ
͔͠ޮՌ͕ߴ͍ํ๏
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Ϧʔμϒϧ ίʔυ
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ಡΈ͍͢ίʔυՁͷ͋ΔίʔυͷୈҰา
• ؒҧ͑ʹ͍͘͠ɺؒҧ͍Λݟ͚͍ͭ͢
• ແବͳίʔυίϝϯτɺυΩϡϝϯτʹ
࣌ؒɾࢥߟΛୣΘΕͳ͍
• ༏Εͨઃܭςετͷ͢͠͞ʹͭͳ͕Δ
• ଐਓԽͨ͠(̋̋͞Μ͡Όͳ͍ͱΘ͔Βͳ͍)
ίʔυ͕ແ͘ͳΔ
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Ϧʔμϒϧίʔυͷجຊతͳߟ͑ํ
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ͲͪΒ͕༏Ε͍ͯΔʁ
// ύλʔϯ1
int i = 0;
while (list.size() > i) {
Object element = list.get(i);
System.out.println(element);
i++;
}
// ύλʔϯ2
for (Object element : list) {
System.out.println(element);
}
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ίʔυଞͷਓ͕
࠷࣌ؒͰཧղͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ
ॻ͔ͳ͚Ε͍͚ͳ͍ɻ
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ݪయͪ͜Β
ॻళωοτͰߪೖͰ͖·͢ɻ
͓͢͢ΊΦϥΠϦʔ EBookετΞͰ
ൢച͍ͯ͠ΔPDF൛Ͱ͢ɻ
λϒϨοτPCͳͲΛ͑Ͳ͜Ͱಡ
Ή͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
https://www.oreilly.co.jp/books/
9784873115658/
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·ͣɺ໊લΛվળ͠Α͏
ಡΈ͍͢ίʔυΛॻ͘ʹɺ͍ͭ͘ͷΤοηϯε͕͋Γ·͢ɻ
ίʔυ্Ͱɺม໊ఆ໊ɺ໊ؔͱҾ໊ɺߏମ໊Ϋϥ
ε໊ͳͲͱ͍ͬͨΑ͏ʹɺ࣮ʹଟ͘ͷ໊લΛ͚Δࣄ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ
ίʔσΟϯά࡞ۀͷଟ͘ɺ͜ͷ໋໊ʹඅ͞Ε͓ͯΓɺવಡΈ
͢͞ʹଟ͘ͷӨڹΛ༩͍͑ͯ·͢ɻ
·ͣɺ͜ΕΒͷ໊લ͚ͷํ๏Λվળ͍͖ͯ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ
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൚༻తͳ໊લΛཞ༻͠ͳ͍
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൚༻తͳ໊લΛཞ༻͍ͯ͠·ͤΜ͔ʁ
Έͳ͞Μ͕ίʔυΛॻ͘ͱ͖ɺ
࣍ͷΑ͏ͳ໊લΛΑ͍ͬͯ͘·ͤΜ͔ʁ
get, set, str, text, list, map, result, buf, temp, obj1,
obj2, size, date, hoge, foo
͜ΕΒ൚༻తͰศརͰ͕͢ɺͲ͜Ͱ͑ΔΘ͚
Ͱ͋Γ·ͤΜɻ
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/** WebαΠτͷΠϯλʔϑΣʔε. */
interface WebSite {
Page getPage();
}
/** WebαΠτͷΠϯλʔϑΣʔεʢվળҊʣ. */
interface WebSite {
Page downloadPage();
}
Javaͷgetter(ϓϩύςΟ)͔ͳʁ
ҧ͏ͳΒͲ͔͜Βऔͬͯ͘Δͷʁ
ίϝϯτ͕ͳͯ͘Πϯλʔωοτ͔Β
μϯϩʔυ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ਪଌͰ͖Δɻ
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/** ೋΫϥε. */
class BinaryTree {
int size();
}
/** ೋΫϥεʢվળҊʣ. */
class BinaryTree {
int height();
int numNodes();
}
ߴ͞ʁ
ϊʔυͷʁ
ͳΜͷαΠζʁ
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/** εϨουΫϥε. */
class Thread {
void stop();
}
/** εϨουΫϥεʢվળҊʣ. */
class Thread {
void kill();
void pause(); // resume()ͰॲཧΛ࠶։
}
ڧ੍ऴྃʁɹҰ࣌ఀࢭʁ
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൚༻తͳ໊લΛආ͚ͯ
ΑΓ໌ྎͳݴ༿Λ༩͑Α͏ʂ
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ͰɺΓա͗ʹҙ͠Α͏ɻ
class String {
// ͨͱ͑ɺStringʹ͜Μͳϝιου͕͋ͬͨΒࠞཚͯ͠͠·͏ɻ
String[] split(String regex);
String[] divide(String regex);
String[] partition(String regex);
// "boo:and:foo".split(":") > ["boo", "and", "foo"]
// "boo:and:foo".divide(":") > ["boo", ":", "and", ":", "foo"]
// "boo:and:foo".partition(":") > ["boo", ":and", ":foo"]
}
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໊͍લʹؾΛ͚ͭΔ
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ͯ͘ͳ͍ม໊
// ࠨӈͷΛೖΕସ͑Δ
if (right < left) {
int tmp = right;
right = left;
left = tmp;
}
͜ͷtmpੜଘظ͕ؒ͘
Ұ࣌తͳมͱ͍͏ҙਤ͕ΘΔ
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͍ͱ͕͋Δม໊
// ϢʔβʔใΛจࣈྻԽ
String tmp = user.name();
tmp += " " + user.phone_number();
tmp += " " + user.email();
...
template.put("user_info", tmp);
template.put("server_info", tmp); // ؒҧ͍ʹؾ͔ͳ͍
userInfoͳͲͷม໊Ͱ͋Εɺ
ΑΓΘ͔Γ͘͢ɺؒҧ͍Λ͛Δ
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ϧʔϓΠϯσοΫε
i, j, k, idxɺ͍͚ͲΑ͘ҙຯΛද͍ͯ͠Δɻ
Ͱɺ࣍ͷΑ͏ͳέʔεͰ͘͢͝ಡΈͮΒ͍ɻ
for (int i = 0; i < clubs.size(); i++)
for (int j = 0; j < clubs[i].members.size(); j++)
for (int k = 0; k < users.size(); k++)
if (clubs[i].members[k] == users[j])
System.out.println("user[" + j + "] is in club[" + i + "]");
membersͷΠϯσοΫε j
usersͷΠϯσοΫε k
ifจҎԼͰऔΓҧ͍͑ͯΔ
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ϧʔϓΠϯσοΫεͷվળ
ͳΜͷͨΊͷΠϯσοΫε͔໌֬ʹ͠Α͏
// ci = clubs_idx, mi = members_idx, ui = user_idx
for (int ci = 0; ci < clubs.size(); ci++)
for (int mi = 0; mi < clubs[ci].members.size(); mi++)
for (int ui = 0; ui < users.size(); ui++)
if (clubs[ci].members[ui] == users[mi])
System.out.println("user[" + mi + "] is in club[" + ci + "]");
members[ui]ͳͲͷ
ؒҧ͍͕Θ͔Γ͘͢ͳΔ
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ϧʔϓΠϯσοΫεΛආ͚Δ
for (Club club : clubs)
for (User member : club.members)
for (User user : users)
if (member == user)
System.out.println("user[" + user + "] is in club[" + club + "]");
ՄೳͰ͋Ε֦ுforจͳͲΛ༻ͯ͠ϧʔϓΠϯ
σοΫεͷ༻ͦͷͷΛආ͚Α͏ɻ
ΠϯσοΫεͷؒҧ͍ͷ༨͕ͳ্͍ʹɺ
ίʔυγϯϓϧʹ
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tmp, it, result, i, j, k ͳͲͷ໊લΛ͏ͱ͖ɺ
มͷੜଘظؒείʔϓΛؑΈͯɺ৻ॏʹѻ͓͏ɻ
ଟ͘ͷ߹ɺͬͱྑ໊͍લ͕͋Δɻ
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ΑΓ۩ମతͳ໊લΛ࠾༻͢Δ
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/** ҙͷTCP/IPϙʔτΛαʔό͕ϦοεϯͰ͖Δ͔֬ೝ͢Δ. */
public boolean serverCanStart() { ... }
/** ҙͷTCP/IPϙʔτΛαʔό͕ϦοεϯͰ͖Δ͔֬ೝ͢Δ.(मਖ਼൛) */
public boolean canListenOnPort() { ... }
ػೳʹରͯ͠ɺϝιου໊͕แׅత͗͢Δ
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—extra_loggingͳͲɺͬͱతͳ໊લʹ͠Α͏
—run_locally Φϓγϣϯ
ࣗ࡞ϓϩάϥϜͷΦϓγϣϯɻ
ՃͷσόοάϩάΛग़ྗ͢Δ͕ɺಈ࡞͕͘ͳΔɻ
நతͰ໊લ͔Β
༻్Λ૾Ͱ͖ͳ͍
αʔόʔͰՃϩά
͕΄͍͠ͱ͖ʁ
ϩʔΧϧͰύϑΥʔϚϯ
εςετΛ͢Δͱ͖ʁ
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ػೳͷൣғΛ໊͑ͨલΛ
͚ͭͳ͍Α͏ʹ͠Α͏ɻ
ͦ͏͢ΕɺػೳՃ͘͢͠ͳΔ
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໊લʹใΛ༩͢Δ
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//ॲཧ࣌ؒͷܭଌʢमਖ਼൛ʣ
long startMs = new Date().getTime();
...
long elapsedMs = new Date().getTime() - startMs;
System.out.println("ಡΈࠐΈ࣌ؒɿ" + (elapsedMs / 1000L) + "ඵ");
// ॲཧ࣌ؒͷܭଌ
long start = new Date().getTime();
...
long elapsed = new Date().getTime() - start;
System.out.println("ಡΈࠐΈ࣌ؒɿ" + elapsed + "ඵ");
elapsedʹϛϦඵ͕
ઃఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔ
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୯Ґͷઃఆྫ
ϝιουͷԾҾ ୯ҐΛՃͨ͠ԾҾ
start(int delay) delaySecs
createCache(int size) sizeKb
downloadThrottle(float limit) maxKbps
rotate(float angle) degreesCw
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ॏཁͳଐੑͷ༩ྫ
ม໊ վળޙͷม໊
password
plaintextPassword
hashedPassword
comment unescapedComment
html htmlUtf8
data dataUrlEncoded
// ͜ͷΑ͏ʹࠞಉ͠қ͍ॴͰ׆༻͢Δͱྑ͍
if (passwordMatches(plaintextPassword, hashedPassword)) {
...
}
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୯Ґॏཁͳଐੑ
ม໊ʹՃͯ͠
ৗʹҙࣝͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ
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͗͢Δ໊લΛආ͚Δ
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໊͍લཧղΛԕ͚͟Δ
newNavigationControllerWrappingViewControllerForDataSourceOfClass()
ࠓ·Ͱɺ
• ۩ମతͳ໊લΛ͚ͭΖ
• త֬ͳ໊લΛ͚ͭΖ
• ୯ҐΛ͚ͭΖͱ
ݴͬͨ۩߹ʹղઆ͖ͯ͠·ͨ͠ɻ
Ͱɺ͔ͩΒͱ͍ͬͯ͜Μͳ໊લ୭ΜͰ͍·ͤΜɻ
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/** Ϣʔβʔςʔϒϧʹର͢ΔݕࡧΛߦ͏. */
interface UserRepository {
List findAdminUsersFromUserTable();
}
UserRepositoryͳΒUserTable͔Β
ݕࡧ͢Δͷࣗ໌
/** Ϣʔβʔςʔϒϧʹର͢ΔݕࡧΛߦ͏(վળҊ). */
interface UserRepository {
List findAdminUsers();
}
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// είʔϓ͕খ͚͞Ε໊͍લͰ͍͍
if (debug) {
Map m = new HashMap<>();
lookUpNamesNumbers(m);
System.out.println(m);
}
// Ұํɺϝϯόมάϩʔόϧมͩͱmͷత͕͔Βͳ͍
lookUpNamesNumbers(m);
System.out.println(m);
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লུͷ͔ͨ͠ʹؾΛ͚ͭΔ
// ͜ͷলུɺ৽͍͠ϝϯόʔ͕ཧղͰ͖ΔͩΖ͏͔ʁ
class BEManager // BackEndManagerͷུ
// ͜ͷলུཧղͰ͖Δ
eval // evaluation
doc // document
str // string
ϓϩδΣΫτݻ༗ͷͷলུ͠ͳ͍΄͏͕ྑ͍
ϓϩάϥϚʹͱͬͯҰൠతͳলུͯ͠ྑ͍
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໊͍લΛೖྗ͢Δ͜ͱ͘͠ͳ͍
EclipseΛྫʹڍ͛Δͱ
• େจࣈʹΑΔলུه๏
✦ “LHM”ͱೖྗͯ͠ίʔυิ͢Δͱɺ”LinkedHashMap”͕ೖྗ͞ΕΔɻ
✦ “LinH”ͱೖྗͯ͠ίʔυิ͢Δͱɺ
”LinkedHashMap”ͱ”LinkedHahsSet”͕ީิʹڍ͕Δɻ
• ίʔυςϯϓϨʔτͷ༻
✦ “sysout”ͱೖྗͯ͠ίʔυิ͢Δͱɺ
”System.out.println()”͕ೖྗ͞ΕΔɻ
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͗͢Δ໊લཧղΛԕ͚͟Δ
Ұํɺ໊͍લͰೖྗ؆୯ͩ
༏ઌ͖͢ཧղ͍͢͜͠ͱ
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ίʔσΟϯάελΠϧΛकΔ
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جຊతͳίʔσΟϯάελΠϧΛकΖ͏
// ΫϥεɾΠϯλʔϑΣʔεେจࣈͰ࢝ΊΔ
public class TaskQueue {
// ఆ(static final)େจࣈͱΞϯμʔείΞ
public static final int LIMIT_TASK_NUM = 100;
// มϝιουখจࣈͰ࢝ΊΔ
private Queue tasks;
public void addQueue(Task task) { ... }
public Object executeQueue() { ... }
}
https://kazurof.github.io/GoogleJavaStyle-ja/
ࢀߟࢿྉ: Google Java Style Guide
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νʔϜશһ͕ελΠϧΛकΔ͜ͱͰ
ཧղ͕ૣ·Δ
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ࠓͷ·ͱΊ
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• ໌֬ͳ୯ޠΛબͿ
✴ ঢ়گʹԠͯ͡getͰͳ͘fetchdownloadΛ͏
• ൚༻తͳ໊લΛආ͚Δ
✴ ໌֬ͳཧ༝͕ͳ͚ΕɺtmpresultΛΘͳ͍
• ΑΓ۩ମతͳ໊લΛ͚ͭɺแׅతʹ͗͢͠ͳ͍
✴ serverCanStart()ΑΓcanListenOnPort()ͷ΄͏͕໌֬
• େͳใΛՃ͢Δ
✴ ϛϦඵΛද͢msΛ͚ΔɻੜύεϫʔυΛplaintextPasswordͱ͢Δɻ
• είʔϓʹ߹໊ͬͨલΛ͚Δ
✴ ͍είʔϓͳΒ໊͍લͰྑ͍ɻ͍είʔϓͳΒͯ͘໌֬ʹɻ
• େจࣈΞϯμʔείΞͳͲʹҙຯΛࠐΊΔ
✴ ྫ͑ɺҰͰఆͱղΔΑ͏ͳ໊લ(LIMIT_TASK_NUM)Λ͚ͭΔɻ
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࠷ޙʹɿ ιʔείʔυઃܭॻ
ઃܭॻ࡞͕ઃܭͰɺϓϩάϥϛϯάͩͱೝ͍ࣝͯ͠·ͤΜ
͔ʁ͜ΕΑ͋͘Δؒҧ͍Ͱ͢ɻ
ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠਓ͕͔ؒΓ͍༷͢ʹ࡞ΒΕͨݴޠͰ͢ɻ
ͦͯ͠ɺϓϩάϥϜΛ͢ΔͷίϯύΠϥͷࣄͰ͢ɻ
ίϯϐϡʔλʔʹͱͬͯɺม໊ͳͲͷ໊લແՁͰ͢ɻ
ͦΕͰɺຆͲͷݴޠͰ໊લΛࣗ༝ʹ͚ͭΒΕΔͷɺͦΕʹΑͬ
ͯਓؒͷཧղ͕େ͖͘վળ͢Δ͔ΒͰ͢ɻ
ϓϩάϥϛϯάͱɺਓؒʹ͔Γ͍͢ઃܭॻ=ιʔείʔυΛ
࡞͢Δ͜ͱͰ͢ɻ
ιʔείʔυࢲୡͷॏཁͳίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͷҰͭͰ͢ɻͰ͢
͔Βɺ૬खΛྀͬͯΘ͔Γ͘͢ॻ͘͜ͱ͕ͱͯॏཁͳͷͰ͢ɻ
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͝ਗ਼ௌ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠