jgs CSE 460 Software Analysis and Design Lecture 32: Software Quality Metrics Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez [email protected] javiergs.engineering.asu.edu | javiergs.com PERALTA 230U Office Hours: By appointment 

Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | CSE460 | Fall 2020 | 2 jgs Quality 

Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | CSE460 | Fall 2020 | 3 jgs Software Metrics § Knowing what is inside your source code is the first step in assessing the quality of the software product. § Knowing the quantity of work performed in generating the source code is the first step in determining the productivity of your software team. 

Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | CSE460 | Fall 2020 | 4 jgs Software Metrics Metrics Size LOC eLOC lLOC Understandability Comments Whitespaces Complexity Average, Max, Min LOC Interface Complexity Cyclomatic Complexity 

jgs Size Metrics 

Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | CSE460 | Fall 2020 | 6 jgs Size Metrics § LOC – Lines of Code Metric. Including lines of a single brace or parenthesis. § LOC are used to create time and cost estimates. § LOC are a tracking tool to measure the degree of progress on a module or project. § An experienced developer can gage a LOC estimate based upon knowledge of past productivity on projects. 

Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | CSE460 | Fall 2020 | 7 jgs Size Metrics § eLOC (effective Lines of Code) Metric. Only code statements § An effective line of code or eLOC is the measurement of all lines that are not comments, blanks or standalone braces or parenthesis. These can inflate LOC metrics by 20 to 40 percent. § This metric more closely represents the quantity of work performed. 

Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | CSE460 | Fall 2020 | 8 jgs Size Metrics § lLOC (logical Lines of Code) Metric. § These statements are terminated with a semi-colon. § The control line for the "for" loop contain two semi-colons but accounts for only one semi colon. 

Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | CSE460 | Fall 2020 | 9 jgs Example 

Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | CSE460 | Fall 2020 | 10 jgs About LOC per method § around 20 is perfect, § up to 50 is still fine, § up to 100 is critical, § above 150 is bad, and § more than 250 is 

jgs Understandability Metrics 

Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | CSE460 | Fall 2020 | 12 jgs Understandability Metrics § Comment Line Count and Comment Percent Metric § The degree of commenting within the source code measures the care taken by the programmer to make the source code and algorithms understandable. § Poorly commented code makes the maintenance phase of the software life cycle an extremely expensive adventure. § Comments can occur by themselves on a physical line or be co-mingled with source code. The sum of the lines of code, comments and blank lines often exceeds the physical line count. This is expected a when comments are co-mingled with source code. § Comment Percent = Comment Line Count / (LOC) x 100 

Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | CSE460 | Fall 2020 | 13 jgs Understandability Metrics § Blank Line Count and White Space Percent Metric § The number of blank lines within source code determines the readability of the product. White space accents the logical grouping of constructs and variables. Programs which use few blank lines are difficult to read and more expensive to maintain. § It counts the spaces and characters within the source code. The white space percentage metric is another measure of readability for the source product. § White Space Percentage = (#spaces / #spaces + #characters) * 100 

Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | CSE460 | Fall 2020 | 14 jgs Function Metrics § Average LOC per Function Metric. An accepted industry standard of 200 LOC per function is desired as the average LOC per function § Maximum LOC per Function Metric. § Minimum LOC per Function Metric. A minimum LOC per function of 2 or less can indicate functions that may have been prototype but not yet complete.. 

jgs Complexity Metrics 

Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | CSE460 | Fall 2020 | 16 jgs Function Metrics § Cyclomatic Complexity. It is a quantitative measure of the number of linearly independent paths § Paths occurs when a "while", "for", "if", "case" and "goto" keywords appear within the function. § Cyclomatic Complexity = Conditional_Nodes + 1 or CC = Edges - Nodes + 2 //using a Control Flow Graph 

Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | CSE460 | Fall 2020 | 17 jgs Function Metrics Examples: § if the source code contained no control flow statements (conditionals or decision points), the complexity would be 1 § If the code had one single-condition IF statement, there would be 2 paths through the code: one where the IF statement evaluates to TRUE and another one where it evaluates to FALSE § Two nested single-condition IFs, or one IF with two conditions, would produce a complexity of 3. 

Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | CSE460 | Fall 2020 | 18 jgs Cyclomatic Complexity i = 0; n=4; while (i

Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | CSE460 | Fall 2020 | 19 jgs Cyclomatic Complexity Complexity Number Meaning 1-10 Structured and well written code High Testability Cost and Effort is less 10-20 Complex Code Medium Testability Cost and effort is Medium 20-40 Very complex Code Low Testability Cost and Effort are high >40 Not at all testable Very high Cost and Effort 

Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | CSE460 | Fall 2020 | 20 jgs Example § 3 files § 24 methods § 394 lines § 326 LOC § 285 eLOC § 182 lLOC § 20 Lcomments § Comments 5.1% § Blank lines 12.2% § Spaces: 21.0% (79% code) § Max CC: 6 § Average CC: 1.46 

jgs CSE 460 Software Analysis and Design Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez [email protected] Fall 2020 Disclaimer. These slides can only be used as study material for the class CSE460 at ASU. They cannot be distributed or used for another purpose.