MCAT Lecture 02 - Relationships & Behavior

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CHRISTOPHER PRENER, PH.D. RELATIONSHIPS & BEHAVIOR MCAT PREP: SOCIOLOGY/PSYCHOLOGY SPRING, 2018 SESSION 01 LECTURE 02

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AGENDA MCAT PREP / SESSION 01 / LECTURE 02 1. Learning 2. Behavior in Social Context 3. Socialization 4. Discrimination

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LEARNING 1

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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING ACQUISITION

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1. LEARNING CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Stimulus Discrimination Stimulus Generalization Similar Stimulus Similar Stimulus Train Whistle Train Whistle

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1. LEARNING PAVLOV’S DOG EXPERIMENT

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1. LEARNING OPERANT CONDITIONING

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1. LEARNING OPERANT CONDITIONING: SKINNER BOX

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1. LEARNING OPERANT CONDITIONING: SHAPING

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1. LEARNING OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING & MODELING

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BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL CONTEXT 2

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2. BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL CONTEXT BIOSOCIAL BEHAVIOR: ATTRACTION

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2. BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL CONTEXT BIOSOCIAL BEHAVIOR: ATTACHMENT

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2. BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL CONTEXT BIOSOCIAL BEHAVIOR: SOCIAL SUPPORT

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2. BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL CONTEXT BIOSOCIAL BEHAVIOR: AGGRESSION

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2. BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL CONTEXT DYAD

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2. BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL CONTEXT TRIAD

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2. BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL CONTEXT PRIMARY GROUP

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2. BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL CONTEXT SECONDARY GROUP

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NETWORKS HOW OBESITY CLUSTERS IN SOCIAL NETWORKS

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2. BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL CONTEXT BUREAUCRACY MAX WEBER

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Student Chemistry Class Professor

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2. BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL CONTEXT ACHIEVED STATUS

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2. BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL CONTEXT ASCRIBED STATUS

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2. BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL CONTEXT FRONT STAGE & BACKSTAGE ERVING GOFFMAN

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2. BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL CONTEXT ▸ 28 year old resident of Kew Gardens, Queens in New York City ▸ Stabbed to death and raped on March 13th, 1964 ▸ The “myth” of her death surrounds neighborhoods alleged indifference to hear screams for help ▸ Winston Mosley convicted in her death; he recently died in prison BYSTANDER EFFECT KITTY GENOVESE

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2. BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL CONTEXT BYSTANDER EFFECT

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2. BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL CONTEXT SOCIAL LOAFING

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SOCIALIZATION 3

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3. SOCIALIZATION AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION: FAMILY

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3. SOCIALIZATION AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION: MEDIA

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3. SOCIALIZATION AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION: PEERS

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3. SOCIALIZATION AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION: RELIGION

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3. SOCIALIZATION AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION: SPORTS

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3. SOCIALIZATION AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION: SCHOOLS

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3. SOCIALIZATION CONFORMITY & SOCIAL CONTROL

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3. SOCIALIZATION NON-CONFORMITY & STIGMA

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3. SOCIALIZATION ▸ Anomie borrowed from Durkheim - when norms break down due to rapid change ▸ Culture can create deviance and discord ▸ Deviance is response to (perceived) inability to meet society’s goals or access means to achieve those goals ANOMIE (STRAIN THEORY) ROBERT MERTON

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3. SOCIALIZATION AFRICAN IMMIGRANTS & HEALTH

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3. SOCIALIZATION AFRICAN IMMIGRANTS & HEALTH AFRICAN IMMIGRANTS ARE LESS LIKELY TO HAVE “FAIR” OR “POOR” SELF-RATED HEALTH THAN ANY OTHER PEER GROUP

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3. SOCIALIZATION ▸ … lower rates of hypertension than American-born peers (Hyman et al. 2000) ▸ … lower rates of organ damage due to hypertension than American-born peers (Hicks et al. 2003) ▸ … a different pattern of stroke mortality than American-born peers - no “stroke belt” for immigrants (Lanska 1997) AFRICAN IMMIGRANTS & HEALTH AFRICAN IMMIGRANTS HAVE, ON AVERAGE, …

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3. SOCIALIZATION BECOMING AMERICAN - “ACCULTURATION”

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3. SOCIALIZATION ▸ … take on the health proﬁle of their native-born peers (Gee et al. 2004): ▸ … an increased risk of heart disease (Koya and Egede 2007), ▸ … increased tobacco usage (Bennett et al. 2008), ▸ … and increased rates of obesity (Bennett et al. 2007). ACCULTURATION & HEALTH THE LONGER THEY LIVE IN A NEW COUNTRY, THE MORE IMMIGRANTS…