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Ӝ໺ɹݚʢ๺ւֶԂେֶʣ [email protected] https://www.urano-ken.com/research/CELES2019 ୈ49ճத෦஍۠ӳޠڭҭֶձੴ઒େձ
 ˏ๺཮େֶଠཅٰ͕Ωϟϯύε ՝୊ผݚڀϓϩδΣΫτ
 ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚ΔʮΤϏσϯεʯɿධՁͱ׆༻ 2019.06.23 ӳޠڭҭͷޮՌΛݕূ͢ΔͨΊʹ ԿΛଌఆ͢Ε͹Α͍ͷ͔

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PK-Test

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PK-Test Mary ͱ Becky ͸ Kim ͱ଴ͪ߹ΘͤΛ͠·͢ɻ Mary: Hi, Kim! Kim: Hi, Mary! Where is Becky? Mary: She is over there. She ____________________ on the phone. (talk) ʢࠜ؛ɾଜӽ, 2013, p. 25ʣ

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PK-Test Mary ͱ Becky ͸ Kim ͱ଴ͪ߹ΘͤΛ͠·͢ɻ Mary: Hi, Kim! Kim: Hi, Mary! Where is Becky? Mary: She is over there. She ____________________ on the phone. (talk) ʢࠜ؛ɾଜӽ, 2013, p. 25ʣ is talking

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PK-Test ԿΛଌఆ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔

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PK-Test ֎ࠃޠͱͯ͠ͷӳޠͷशಘͷεςʔδ 1. ࢖༻ʢʵʣ એݴత஌ࣝʢʵʣ 2. ࢖༻ʢʵʣ એݴత஌ࣝʢʴʣ 3. ࢖༻ʢʴʣ ҙࣝత࢖༻ʢʴʣ 4. ࢖༻ʢʴʣ ҙࣝత࢖༻ʢʵʣ ʢࠜ؛ɾଜӽ, 2013, pp. 23–24ʣ

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PK-Test ֎ࠃޠͱͯ͠ͷӳޠͷशಘͷεςʔδ 1. ࢖༻ʢʵʣ એݴత஌ࣝʢʵʣ 2. ࢖༻ʢʵʣ એݴత஌ࣝʢʴʣ 3. ࢖༻ʢʴʣ ҙࣝత࢖༻ʢʴʣ 4. ࢖༻ʢʴʣ ҙࣝత࢖༻ʢʵʣ ʢࠜ؛ɾଜӽ, 2013, pp. 23–24ʣ

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PK-Test ͜ͷλΠϓͷ໰୊͸…จ๏஌ࣝͷ༗Γ༷ʹԠͯ͡ɺʮखଓ ͖త஌ࣝςετʢprocedural knowledge testɺུͯ͠ PK- Testʣʯͱݺͼɺैདྷͷจ๏ςετ͸ʮએݴత஌ࣝςετ ʢdeclarative knowledge testɺུͯ͠ DK-TestʣʯͱݺͿ ͜ͱʹ͢Δɻ ʢࠜ؛ɾଜӽ, 2013, p. 25ʣ

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จ๏஌ࣝ

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จ๏஌ࣝ • ౷ޠɾܗଶૉͷݸʑͷنଇʹ͍ͭͯ஌͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ • ਖ਼͍͠ʢจ๏తͳʣܗͱޡͬͨʢඇจ๏తͳʣܗΛ
 ۠ผͰ͖Δ͜ͱ

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จ๏஌ࣝ • ౷ޠɾܗଶૉͷݸʑͷنଇʹ͍ͭͯ஌͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ • ਖ਼͍͠ʢจ๏తͳʣܗͱޡͬͨʢඇจ๏తͳʣܗΛ
 ۠ผͰ͖Δ͜ͱ

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จ๏نଇΛʮ஌͍ͬͯΔʯͱ͸

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จ๏نଇΛʮ஌͍ͬͯΔʯͱ͸ • ஌ࣝͷछྨɺ·ͨ͸֊૚ੑ • ໌ࣔత஌ࣝͱ҉ࣔత஌ࣝ • એݴత஌ࣝͱखଓ͖త஌ࣝ

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จ๏نଇΛʮ஌͍ͬͯΔʯͱ͸ • ஌ࣝͷछྨɺ·ͨ͸֊૚ੑ • ໌ࣔత஌ࣝͱ҉ࣔత஌ࣝ • એݴత஌ࣝͱखଓ͖త஌ࣝ

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એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ

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એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ • εΩϧशಘཧ࿦ʢskill acquisition theoryʣʹجͮ͘ • ୈೋݴޠशಘ͸ଞͷӡಈٕೳͱಉ༷ͷशಘϓϩηεΛ ͨͲΔͱ͢Δཱ৔

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ंͷӡస એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ

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એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ

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એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ

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એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ

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એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ

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نଇͷઆ໌ ↓ એݴత஌ࣝͷ֫ಘ ↓ खଓ͖త஌ࣝͷ֫ಘ ↓ खଓ͖త஌ࣝͷࣗಈԽ એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ (DeKeyser, 2007)

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نଇͷઆ໌ ↓ એݴత஌ࣝͷ֫ಘ ↓ खଓ͖త஌ࣝͷ֫ಘ ↓ खଓ͖త஌ࣝͷࣗಈԽ એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ (DeKeyser, 2007)

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نଇͷઆ໌ ↓ એݴత஌ࣝͷ֫ಘ ↓ खଓ͖త஌ࣝͷ֫ಘ ↓ खଓ͖త஌ࣝͷࣗಈԽ એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ ࿅शʢ࢖ͬͯΈΔʣ (DeKeyser, 2007)

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نଇͷઆ໌ ↓ એݴత஌ࣝͷ֫ಘ ↓ खଓ͖త஌ࣝͷ֫ಘ ↓ खଓ͖త஌ࣝͷࣗಈԽ એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝ ࿅शʢ࢖ͬͯΈΔʣ ࿅शʢ܁Γฦ͢ʣ (DeKeyser, 2007)

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஌ࣝΛʮ࢖͏ʯͱ͸

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஌ࣝΛʮ࢖͏ʯͱ͸ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δจ๏஌ࣝ • એݴత஌͚ࣝͩͰ͸ෆे෼ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δखଓ͖త஌ࣝͱ͸ • ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͰจ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖͑Δ͜ͱ • จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛॻ͚Δɾ࿩ͤΔ͜ͱ • จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛಡΊΔɾௌ͚Δ͜ͱ

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஌ࣝΛʮ࢖͏ʯͱ͸ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δจ๏஌ࣝ • એݴత஌͚ࣝͩͰ͸ෆे෼ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δखଓ͖త஌ࣝͱ͸ • ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͰจ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖͑Δ͜ͱ • จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛॻ͚Δɾ࿩ͤΔ͜ͱ • จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛಡΊΔɾௌ͚Δ͜ͱ

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஌ࣝΛʮ࢖͏ʯͱ͸ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δจ๏஌ࣝ • એݴత஌͚ࣝͩͰ͸ෆे෼ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δखଓ͖త஌ࣝͱ͸ • ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͰจ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖͑Δ͜ͱ • จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛॻ͚Δɾ࿩ͤΔ͜ͱ • จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛಡΊΔɾௌ͚Δ͜ͱ

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஌ࣝΛʮ࢖͏ʯͱ͸ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δจ๏஌ࣝ • એݴత஌͚ࣝͩͰ͸ෆे෼ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δखଓ͖త஌ࣝͱ͸ • ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͰจ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖͑Δ͜ͱ • จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛॻ͚Δɾ࿩ͤΔ͜ͱ • จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛಡΊΔɾௌ͚Δ͜ͱ

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஌ࣝΛʮ࢖͏ʯͱ͸ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δจ๏஌ࣝ • એݴత஌͚ࣝͩͰ͸ෆे෼ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δखଓ͖త஌ࣝͱ͸ • ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͰจ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖͑Δ͜ͱ • จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛॻ͚Δɾ࿩ͤΔ͜ͱ • จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛಡΊΔɾௌ͚Δ͜ͱ

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஌ࣝΛʮ࢖͏ʯͱ͸ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δจ๏஌ࣝ • એݴత஌͚ࣝͩͰ͸ෆे෼ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δखଓ͖త஌ࣝͱ͸ • ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͰจ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖͑Δ͜ͱ • จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛॻ͚Δɾ࿩ͤΔ͜ͱ • จ๏஌ࣝΛ࢖ͬͯӳޠΛಡΊΔɾௌ͚Δ͜ͱ

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PK-Testʢ࠶ܝʣ

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PK-Testʢ࠶ܝʣ Mary ͱ Becky ͸ Kim ͱ଴ͪ߹ΘͤΛ͠·͢ɻ Mary: Hi, Kim! Kim: Hi, Mary! Where is Becky? Mary: She is over there. She ____________________ on the phone. (talk) ʢࠜ؛ɾଜӽ, 2013, p. 25ʣ is talking

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PK-Testʢ࠶ܝʣ • PK-Test ͸ɺӳޠΛ࢈ग़͢Δࡍʹಛఆͷจ๏نଇʹ
 ؔ͢Δ஌ࣝΛਖ਼͘͠࢖͍͑ͯΔ͔Λଌఆ͍ͯ͠Δɻ • ͦͷʢखଓ͖తʣ஌͕ࣝࣗಈ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔Ͳ͏͔͸
 ໰Θͳ͍ɻɹˡɹճ౴ʹ੍࣌ؒݶ͕ͳ͍ • ӳޠΛཧղ͢Δࡍͷ஌ࣝͷ࢖༻͸ଌఆ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɻ

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PK-Testʢ࠶ܝʣ • PK-Test ͸ɺӳޠΛ࢈ग़͢Δࡍʹಛఆͷจ๏نଇʹ
 ؔ͢Δ஌ࣝΛਖ਼͘͠࢖͍͑ͯΔ͔Λଌఆ͍ͯ͠Δɻ • ͦͷʢखଓ͖తʣ஌͕ࣝࣗಈ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔Ͳ͏͔͸
 ໰Θͳ͍ɻɹˡɹճ౴ʹ੍࣌ؒݶ͕ͳ͍ • ӳޠΛཧղ͢Δࡍͷ஌ࣝͷ࢖༻͸ଌఆ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɻ

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PK-Testʢ࠶ܝʣ • PK-Test ͸ɺӳޠΛ࢈ग़͢Δࡍʹಛఆͷจ๏نଇʹ
 ؔ͢Δ஌ࣝΛਖ਼͘͠࢖͍͑ͯΔ͔Λଌఆ͍ͯ͠Δɻ • ͦͷʢखଓ͖తʣ஌͕ࣝࣗಈ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔Ͳ͏͔͸
 ໰Θͳ͍ɻɹˡɹճ౴ʹ੍࣌ؒݶ͕ͳ͍ • ӳޠΛཧղ͢Δࡍͷ஌ࣝͷ࢖༻͸ଌఆ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɻ

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PK-Testʢ࠶ܝʣ • PK-Test ͸ɺӳޠΛ࢈ग़͢Δࡍʹಛఆͷจ๏نଇʹ
 ؔ͢Δ஌ࣝΛਖ਼͘͠࢖͍͑ͯΔ͔Λଌఆ͍ͯ͠Δɻ • ͦͷʢखଓ͖తʣ஌͕ࣝࣗಈ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔Ͳ͏͔͸
 ໰Θͳ͍ɻɹˡɹճ౴ʹ੍࣌ؒݶ͕ͳ͍ • ӳޠΛཧղ͢Δࡍͷ஌ࣝͷ࢖༻͸ଌఆ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɻ

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PK-Testʢ࠶ܝʣ PK-Test ͸ɺֶशऀͷӳޠίϛϡχέʔγϣϯೳྗͷҰ෦ͱ ͯ͠ͷจ๏ͷखଓ͖త஌ࣝͷ͏ͪɺ࢈ग़ʹয఺Λ౰ͯͯଌ ఆ͢ΔςετͰ͋Γɺ஌ࣝͷࣗಈԽͷ౓߹͍ʹ͍ͭͯ͸൑ ఆ͠ͳ͍ɻΤϏσϯε஝ੵͷͨΊڭҭޮՌͷଌఆखஈͱ͠ ͯར༻͢Δࡍʹ͸ɺ͜ͷΑ͏ͳಛੑΛཧղ͓ͯ͘͠ඞཁ͕ ͋Δɻ

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ୠ͠ॻ͖

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ୠ͠ॻ͖ • ʮએݴత஌ࣝɹˠʢ࿅शʣˠɹखଓ͖త஌ࣝʯͱ͍͏ ྲྀΕͰ͸ͳ͍จ๏஌ࣝ΋ଘࡏ͢Δɻ • ʮ஌Βͳ͍ʯͷʹʮ࢖͑Δʯ஌ࣝ

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ୠ͠ॻ͖ Mr Brown dreamed that Mr Green shot him. Who did Mr Green shoot (in Mr Brown’s dream)? Mr Green. / Mr Brown. (White, 1998, p. 431)

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ୠ͠ॻ͖ Mr Brown dreamed that Mr Green shot him. Who did Mr Green shoot (in Mr Brown’s dream)? Mr Green. / Mr Brown. (White, 1998, p. 431)

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ୠ͠ॻ͖ Mr Brown dreamed that Mr Green shot him. Who did Mr Green shoot (in Mr Brown’s dream)? Mr Green. / Mr Brown. (White, 1998, p. 431)

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ୠ͠ॻ͖ Mr Brown dreamed that Mr Green shot him. Who did Mr Green shoot (in Mr Brown’s dream)? Mr Green. / Mr Brown. (White, 1998, p. 431)

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ୠ͠ॻ͖ (White, 1998, p. 431) • ೔ຊͷதֶߍ΍ߴߍͰ͸͜ͷنଇΛڭ͍͑ͯͳ͍ɻ • ೔ຊޠΛ฼ޠͱ͢Δதڃӳޠֶशऀ͸͜ͷنଇΛ
 ਖ਼͘͠࢖͑Δɻ

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ୠ͠ॻ͖ • εΩϧशಘཧ࿦Ͱ͸͢΂ͯͷจ๏نଇͷशಘΛઆ໌Ͱ͖ ͳ͍ɻ • ҉ࣔతʹशಘ͞ΕΔ஌ࣝͷଘࡏɻ • ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ஌ࣝ͸ௐࠪର৅ͱ͠ͳͯ͘΋Α͍͔ɻ

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ୠ͠ॻ͖ • εΩϧशಘཧ࿦Ͱ͸͢΂ͯͷจ๏نଇͷशಘΛઆ໌Ͱ͖ ͳ͍ɻ • ҉ࣔతʹशಘ͞ΕΔ஌ࣝͷଘࡏɻ • ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ஌ࣝ͸ௐࠪର৅ͱ͠ͳͯ͘΋Α͍͔ɻ

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ୠ͠ॻ͖ • εΩϧशಘཧ࿦Ͱ͸͢΂ͯͷจ๏نଇͷशಘΛઆ໌Ͱ͖ ͳ͍ɻ • ҉ࣔతʹशಘ͞ΕΔ஌ࣝͷଘࡏɻ • ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ஌ࣝ͸ௐࠪର৅ͱ͠ͳͯ͘΋Α͍͔ɻ

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Summary

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Summary Summary • จ๏஌ࣝ • એݴత஌ࣝɾखଓ͖త஌ࣝɾࣗಈԽ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δจ๏஌ࣝ • ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͰ࢖͑Δจ๏஌ࣝ • ࢈ग़ͱཧղ • PK-Test ͷධՁ • ୠ͠ॻ͖ Ken Urano [email protected] https://www.urano-ken.com/research/CELES2019

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• DeKeyser, R. M. (Ed.). (2007). Practice in a second language: Perspective from applied linguistics and cognitive psychology. Cambridge University Press. • ࠜ؛խ࢙ɾଜӽ྄࣏. (2014). จ๏ͷखଓ͖త஌ࣝΛͲ͏ଌ Δ͔. Arcle Review, 8, 22–33. Retrieved from: http:// www.arcle.jp/research/books/data/html/data/pdf/ vol8_3-2.pdf • White, L. (1998). Second language acquisition and Binding Principle B: Child/adult differences. Second Language Research, 14, 425–439. Retrieved from: https:// www.jstor.org/stable/43104577 References