Madhu Akula Cloud-Native Modernization @ TechTarget @madhuakula Mastering Kubernetes Security with Kubernetes Goat

👉 Pragmatic Security Leader, working on Cloud Native Infra, Security, and Startups 👉 Creator of Kubernetes Goat, Hacker Container, tools.tldr.run, many other OSS projects. 👉 Speaks & Trains at Black Hat (USA, EU, Asia), DEF CON, GitHub, USENIX, OWASP, All Day DevOps, SANS, DevSecCon, CNCF, c0c0n, Nullcon, null, many others around the globe. 👉 Author of Security Automation with Ansible2, OWASP KSTG, whitepapers, etc. 👉 Technical reviewer (multiple books) & Review board member of multiple conferences, organizations, communities, advisory, etc. 👉 Found security vulnerabilities in 200+ organizations and products including Google, Microsoft, AT&T, Adobe, eBay, WordPress, Ntop, Cloudflare, Yahoo, LocalBitcoins, etc. 👉 Certified Kubernetes(CKA/CKS), Offensive Security Certified Professional, etc. 👉 Never ending learner! About Me 😊 @madhuakula

What is Docker? https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/what-is-kubernetes/#going-back-in-time @madhuakula

What is Docker? ● Docker is an open source platform for building, deploying, and managing containerized applications ● Docker became the de facto standard to build and share containerized apps - from desktop, to the cloud, even edge devices ● Docker enables developers to easily pack, ship, and run any application as a lightweight, portable, self-sufficient container, which can run virtually anywhere https://docs.docker.com/get-started/overview/ @madhuakula

What is Kubernetes? Kubernetes is a portable, extensible, open-source platform for managing containerized workloads and services, that facilitates both declarative configuration and automation. It has a large, rapidly growing ecosystem. Kubernetes services, support, and tools are widely available. https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/what-is-kubernetes/ @madhuakula

What is Kubernetes? @madhuakula

The illustrated children's guide to Kubernetes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3I9PkvZ80BQ @madhuakula

Why Kubernetes Security Matters? Lack of knowledge in security teams @madhuakula

Rapidly growing Cloud Native Landscape ecosystem Why Kubernetes Security Matters? @madhuakula

Technology Gap Adoption & Maturity Why Kubernetes Security Matters? @madhuakula

Why Kubernetes Security Matters? @madhuakula

📚 Kubernetes Security - Layers & Areas @madhuakula https://owasp.org/www-project-kubernetes-top-ten/

📚 Kubernetes Security Learning - Application Security @madhuakula The security of the application code and dependencies that run inside the Kubernetes cluster. This can be achieved by following secure software development lifecycle standards and conducting regular code reviews, penetration testing, and vulnerability assessments.

📚 Kubernetes Security Learning - Image Security @madhuakula The security of the images used to deploy containers in the Kubernetes cluster. This includes scanning images for vulnerabilities, using image signing and verification, and only using trusted sources for images.

📚 Kubernetes Security Learning - Supply-chain Security @madhuakula The security of the entire process from writing application code to deploying it in production, which involves areas such as libraries, dependencies, signing, SBOM, validation, and enforcement with the SLSA framework.

📚 Kubernetes Security Learning - Infrastructure Security @madhuakula The security of the underlying infrastructure that supports the Kubernetes cluster, including network security, access control, and ensuring that the underlying operating system is patched and up-to-date.

📚 Kubernetes Security Learning - Container Security @madhuakula The security of the containers deployed in the Kubernetes cluster, including setting resource limits, using security contexts, and ensuring that containers run as non-root users.

📚 Kubernetes Security Learning - Cluster Security @madhuakula The security of the Kubernetes cluster itself, including securing the Kubernetes API server, etcd, and worker nodes. This can be achieved through measures such as enabling RBAC, enabling network policies, disabling anonymous access to the API server, and more.

📚 Kubernetes Security Learning - Network Security @madhuakula The security of the network traffic that flows in and out of the Kubernetes cluster, including measures such as network policies, encryption, and firewalls.

📚 Kubernetes Security Learning - Runtime Security @madhuakula The ongoing security of the Kubernetes cluster for detecting and responding to any security incidents or suspicious activity. This can be achieved through measures such as logging and monitoring, threat detection and response, and using security-focused tools like Kubernetes Goat to simulate attacks and identify vulnerabilities.

How can we learn and practice this? @madhuakula

What is Kubernetes Goat 🐐 @madhuakula

Kubernetes Goat has intentionally created vulnerabilities, applications, and configurations to attack and gain access to your cluster and workloads. Please DO NOT run alongside your production environments and infrastructure. So we highly recommend running this in a safe and isolated environment. Kubernetes Goat is used for educational purposes only, do not test or apply these attacks on any systems without permission. Kubernetes Goat comes with absolutely no warranties, by using it you take full responsibility for all the outcomes. 🚨 Disclaimer @madhuakula

Can I use from Kubernetes Goat 🤔 Kubernetes Goat is intended for a variety of audiences and end-users. Which includes hackers, attackers, defenders, developers, architects, DevOps teams, engineers, researchers, products, vendors, and anyone interested in learning about Kubernetes Security. Below are some of the very high-level categories of audience 💥 Attackers & Red Teams 🛡 Defenders & Blue Teams 🧰 Products & Vendors 🔐 Developers & DevOps Teams 💡 Interested in Kubernetes Security @madhuakula

🔥 Kubernetes Goat Audience @madhuakula

Scenarios in Kubernetes Goat 🚀 @madhuakula 1. Sensitive keys in codebases 2. DIND (docker-in-docker) exploitation 3. SSRF in the Kubernetes (K8S) world 4. Container escape to the host system 5. Docker CIS benchmarks analysis 6. Kubernetes CIS benchmarks analysis 7. Attacking private registry 8. NodePort exposed services 9. Helm v2 tiller to PwN the cluster - [Deprecated] 10. Analyzing crypto miner container 11. Kubernetes namespaces bypass 12. Gaining environment information 13. DoS the Memory/CPU resources 14. Hacker container preview 15. Hidden in layers 16. RBAC least privileges misconfiguration 17. KubeAudit - Audit Kubernetes clusters 18. Falco - Runtime security monitoring & detection 19. Popeye - A Kubernetes cluster sanitizer 20. Secure network boundaries using NSP 21. Cilium Tetragon - eBPF-based Security Observability and Runtime Enforcement 22. Securing Kubernetes Clusters using Kyverno Policy Engine More scenarios releasing soon… ❤

☸ Vanilla Kubernetes Cluster ☁ AWS Kubernetes (EKS) ☁ GCP Kubernetes (GKE) ☁ Azure Kubernetes (AKS) ☸ Kubernetes IN Docker (KiND) ☸ Lightweight Kubernetes (K3S) - Coming soon 👀 ☸ Digital Ocean, Vagrant, Many others… ⚙ How can I setup Kubernetes Goat @madhuakula

● Make sure you have Kubernetes cluster with cluster-admin privileges. Also kubectl and helm installed in your system before running the following commands to setup the Kubernetes Goat ⎈ Setting up in your Kubernetes Cluster ● Now you can access the Kubernetes Goat by navigating to http://127.0.0.1:1234 @madhuakula

⚡ Get Started with Kubernetes Goat 🐐 @madhuakula

⚡ Get Started with Kubernetes Goat 🐐 @madhuakula

⚡ Get Started with Kubernetes Goat 🐐 @madhuakula https://madhuakula.com/kubernetes-goat

🔟 OWASP Kubernetes Top 10 https://owasp.org/www-project-kubernetes-top-ten/ @madhuakula

🛡 MITRE ATT&CK for Kubernetes Goat https://madhuakula.com/kubernetes-goat/docs/mitre/mitre-attack @madhuakula

☸ 🐐 Demo Time 🤞 🙏 @madhuakula

🔥 Kubernetes Hacking - Attack Path / Kill Chain @madhuakula https://youtu.be/7nc78ZrvP4Y This showcase the full Kubernetes Cluster hacking attack path or kill chain. From initial discovery to complete cluster takeover and map back to MITRE ATT&CK matrix 🚀

🔥 Kubernetes Hacking - Attack Path / Kill Chain @madhuakula https://youtu.be/7nc78ZrvP4Y 👉 Information Gathering 👉 Discovery 👉 Enumeration 👉 Reconnaissance 👉 Entrypoint 👉 Application Access 👉 Execution (RCE - Remote Code Execution) - Container/Pod Access 👉 Internal Discovery/Recon/Enumeration 👉 Privilege Escalation (Container Escape / Escape to Host Node) 👉 Lateral Movement (Hop in to another Node / Namespace) 👉 Defense Evasion (Logs, Masquerading, Static Pods, Many others) 👉 Persistence (CronJob, Static Pod, Distributed Cron Job, Good old techniques, Many others) 👉 Lateral Movement (container/pod -- node/host -- another node/namespace -- another cluster -- cloud provider) 👉 Impact (Exfiltration, DoS, Collection, Dump, Resource Hijacking, Many others)

🥳 Adoption of Kubernetes Goat https://youtu.be/62_Cj6yseno?t=352 @madhuakula

🏁 What’s next for Kubernetes Goat 🏆 Go to Kubernetes Security resources for anyone (from a variety experience and skills) 🔥 All scenarios will be updated with Defenders, Developers, Tools & Vendors sections 🚀 10+ more real-world hands-on scenarios coming (more and more will come 🏃…) ☸ One-click setups, various vendor related product testbeds, many more integrations 📝 Various OSS & Vendor tools (working with security vendors to bridge the gap 👋) 💥 Heavy push towards Developers, DevOps, Architects learning experience 🎉 Sponsors, roadmap, support, contributors, more global scope around Cloud Native @madhuakula

🙌 Give it a try 🚀 Contribute ideas & suggestions 🤝 Work with the project & improve 🙏 Share your valuable feedback 🌟 Star in our GitHub 🎉 Spread word #KubernetesGoat Spread the ❤ #KubernetesGoat https://madhuakula.com/kubernetes-goat/docs/wall-of-love @madhuakula

Thank you 🙏 @madhuakula https://madhuakula.com @madhuakula https://madhuakula.com Want to learn more, have some idea, or just wanted to say 👋