The Remarkable Journey of a Single Web Request (FullStack)

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The Remarkable Journey of a Web Request Single

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Aaron Kalin

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Aaron Kalin @martinisoft

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Aaron Kalin @martinisoft He/Him/His

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An HTTP Request

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An HTTP Request

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An HTTP Request

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An HTTP Request

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An HTTP Request

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser DNS

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Domain Name System

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser bbc.co.uk. A IN

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser bbc.co.uk. A IN Local Cache

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser bbc.co.uk. A IN Local Cache

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser % Router bbc.co.uk. A IN Local Cache

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser % Router bbc.co.uk. A IN Local Cache

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser " ISP % Router bbc.co.uk. A IN Local Cache

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser " ISP % Router bbc.co.uk. A IN Local Cache

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser " ISP % Router bbc.co.uk. A IN Local Cache Registry

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser " ISP % Router bbc.co.uk. A IN Local Cache Registry

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser " ISP % Router & Registrar bbc.co.uk. A IN Local Cache Registry

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser " ISP % Router & Registrar bbc.co.uk. A IN Local Cache Registry

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser " ISP % Router & Registrar bbc.co.uk. A IN Local Cache Registry Nameserver

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser " ISP % Router & Registrar bbc.co.uk. A IN Local Cache Registry Nameserver

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser " ISP % Router & Registrar Local Cache Registry Nameserver

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser bbc.co.uk. 3600 IN A 212.58.246.104 " ISP % Router & Registrar Local Cache Registry Nameserver

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser bbc.co.uk. (Query)

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser bbc.co.uk. (Query) 3600 (TTL)

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser bbc.co.uk. (Query) 3600 (TTL) IN (Class)

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser bbc.co.uk. (Query) 3600 (TTL) IN (Class) A (Record)

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser bbc.co.uk. (Query) 3600 (TTL) IN (Class) A (Record) 212.58.246.104 (Value)

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser UDP

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser User Datagram Protocol

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser User Datagram Protocol

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Speed! User Datagram Protocol

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Speed! No “guarantee” of delivery User Datagram Protocol

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Speed! No “guarantee” of delivery Commonly used in video games and DNS queries User Datagram Protocol

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser TCP

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Transmission Control Protocol

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Transmission Control Protocol

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Transmission Control Protocol Slower than UDP

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Transmission Control Protocol Slower than UDP “Handshake” overhead

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Transmission Control Protocol Slower than UDP “Handshake” overhead Uses “Flow Control” to guarantee delivery

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser The Internet

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser '

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser 54.186.104.15 '

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser 54.186.104.15 ( '

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser 54.186.104.15 Open a socket

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser 54.186.104.15 Open a socket

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser 54.186.104.15 Open a socket

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser 54.186.104.15 ) Computer Open a socket

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser 54.186.104.15 ) Computer Open a socket

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser 54.186.104.15 ) Computer % Router Open a socket

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser 54.186.104.15 ) Computer % Router Open a socket

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser BGP

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Border Gateway Protocol

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Border Gateway Protocol

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Border Gateway Protocol Lets ISPs share their network routes

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Border Gateway Protocol Lets ISPs share their network routes Lets the router figure out the next destination to hand off the packet

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser % Router

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser % Router % Router

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser % Router % Router 54.186.104.0/24

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser % Router % Router 54.186.104.0/24 54.186.104.15

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser % Router % Router 54.186.104.0/24 54.186.104.15 54.186.104.0 - 54.186.104.255

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser % Router % Router 54.186.104.15 54.186.104.0 - 54.186.104.255

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser % Router % Router 54.186.104.15 54.186.104.0 - 54.186.104.255

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser % Router % Router 54.186.104.15 54.186.104.0 - 54.186.104.255 Server

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser The Server

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser # … (

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser # … ( 80 HTTP 443 HTTPS

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser ) Browser

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Server ) Browser

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser " Internet Server ) Browser

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser ( ( " Internet Server ) Browser

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser ( ( " Internet GET / HTTP/1.1 Accept: text/html Accept-Encoding: gzip,deﬂate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US Connection: keep-alive DNT: 1 Server ) Browser

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Request & Request Headers

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Request & Request Headers

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser GET / HTTP/1.1 Request & Request Headers

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser GET / HTTP/1.1 Accept: text/html Request & Request Headers

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser GET / HTTP/1.1 Accept: text/html Accept-Encoding: gzip,deﬂate,sdch Request & Request Headers

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser GET / HTTP/1.1 Accept: text/html Accept-Encoding: gzip,deﬂate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US Request & Request Headers

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser GET / HTTP/1.1 Accept: text/html Accept-Encoding: gzip,deﬂate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US Connection: keep-alive Request & Request Headers

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser GET / HTTP/1.1 Accept: text/html Accept-Encoding: gzip,deﬂate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US Connection: keep-alive Host: bbc.co.uk Request & Request Headers

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser GET / HTTP/1.1 Accept: text/html Accept-Encoding: gzip,deﬂate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US Connection: keep-alive Host: bbc.co.uk User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/36.0.1985.125 Safari/537.36 Request & Request Headers

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Response & Response Headers

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Response & Response Headers

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser HTTP/1.1 200 OK Response & Response Headers

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx Response & Response Headers

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx Mon, 26 Oct 2015 08:02:19 GMT Response & Response Headers

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx Mon, 26 Oct 2015 08:02:19 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Response & Response Headers

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx Mon, 26 Oct 2015 08:02:19 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Content-Encoding: gzip Response & Response Headers

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx Mon, 26 Oct 2015 08:02:19 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Content-Encoding: gzip Connection: keep-alive Response & Response Headers

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser The Browser

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Rinse & Repeat

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Rinse & Repeat

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Rinse & Repeat Download the HTML document and begin parsing for information

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser Rinse & Repeat Download the HTML document and begin parsing for information Create new connections (or use existing) to keep fetching stylesheets, javascript, images, video, music, etc.

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser ) Browser ( ( " Internet Server

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser ) Browser ( ( " Internet Server

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser ) Browser ( ( Server

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser

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! DNS " Internet # Server $ Browser

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http://howdns.works

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Resources & Credits TCP/IP Illustrated Volume 1 http://amzn.to/X3vOag Color Palette http://goo.gl/iOuuP9 Like my driving? http://bit.do/remarkable-fullstack Icons FontAwesome *

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Thank you for your time ♥ @martinisoft