Kubernetes 101 - GDG Cloud Vancouver

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Kubernetes 101 #k8sbday #gdgcv @Vikram_Tiwari @gdgvancouver

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2 2 What’s in this for you...

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3 3 SlackGuest Slack4U2!

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4 The App (Monolith) nginx monolith

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5 The App (Microservices) nginx hello auth

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6 6 Packaging and Distributing Apps

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7 Dependency Matrix Dev 1 Laptop Dev 2 Laptop QA Stage Production OS ? ? ? ? ? Frontend ? ? ? ? ? Services ? ? ? ? ? Database ? ? ? ? ? Logs ? ? ? ? ?

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8 Dependency Matrix Dev 1 Laptop Dev 2 Laptop QA Stage Production OS OS X Windows Debian Debian Debian Frontend nginx (homebrew) nginx (download) nginx (apt-get) nginx (apt-get) nginx (apt-get) Services php (homebrew) php (download) php (apt-get) php (apt-get) php (apt-get) Database mysql (download) mysql (download) mysql (apt-get) mysql (apt-get) mysql (apt-get) Logs /usr/local/etc/nginx/logs/ C:\nginx-1.9.5\logs /var/log/nginx/ /var/log/nginx/ /var/log/nginx/

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9 Virtual Machines Hypervisor OS OS OS

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‹#› @kubernetesio

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11 Container Host OS Containers

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12 Docker Containers FROM alpine:3.1 MAINTAINER Vikram Tiwari ADD monolith /usr/bin/monolith ENTRYPOINT ["monolith"]

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13 Dependency Matrix Dev 1 Laptop Dev 2 Laptop QA Stage Production OS Frontend Services Database Logs

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14 14 But that's just one machine! Discovery Scaling Security Monitoring Configuration Scheduling Health

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15 Kubernetes Manage applications, not machines Open source, open API container orchestrator Supports multiple cloud and bare-metal environments Inspired and informed by Google’s experiences and internal systems

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16 16 Kubernetes Concepts Cattle > Pets No grouping Modular Control Loops Network-centric Open > Closed Simple > Complex Legacy compatible

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17 17 Cattle vs Pets

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18 Cattle vs Pets Cattle • Has a number • One is much like any other • Run as a group • If it gets ill, you make hamburgers Pet • Has a name • Is unique or rare • Personal Attention • If it gets ill, you make it better

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19 19 Desired State

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20 Desired States ./create_docker_images.sh ./launch_frontend.sh x 3 ./launch_services.sh x 2 ./launch_backend.sh x 1

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21 Desired States ./create_docker_images.sh ./launch_frontend.sh x 3 ./launch_services.sh x 2 ./launch_backend.sh x 1

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22 Desired States There should be: 3 Frontends 2 Services 1 Backend

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23 23 Employees, not Children

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24 Children vs Employees Child • Go upstairs • Get undressed • Put on pajamas • Brush your teeth • Pick out 2 stories Employee • Go get some sleep

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25 25 Pods

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26 Pods Logical Application • One or more containers and volumes • Shared namespaces • One IP per pod Pod nginx monolith NFS iSCSI GCE 10.10.1.100

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27 27 Health checks

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28 Monitoring and Health Checks Node Kubelet Pod Pod app v1

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29 Monitoring and Health Checks Hey, app v1... You alive? Node Kubelet Pod app v1 app v1

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30 Monitoring and Health Checks Node Kubelet Nope! Pod app v1 app v1

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31 Monitoring and Health Checks OK, then I’m going to restart you... Node Kubelet Pod app v1 app v1

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32 Monitoring and Health Checks Node Kubelet Pod

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33 Monitoring and Health Checks Node Kubelet Pod app v1

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34 Monitoring and Health Checks Node Kubelet Hey, app v1... You alive? Pod app v1

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35 Monitoring and Health Checks Node Kubelet Yes! Pod app v1

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36 36 Secrets

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37 Secrets and Configmaps Kubernetes Master etcd API Server Node Kubelet secret $ kubectl create secret generic tls-certs --from-file=tls/

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38 Secrets and Configmaps Kubernetes Master etcd API Server Node Kubelet pod $ kubectl create -f pods/secure-monolith.yaml

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39 Secrets and Configmaps Kubernetes Master etcd API Server Node Kubelet API Server Node Kubelet Pod Pod

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40 Secrets and Configmaps Kubernetes Master etcd API Server Node Kubelet API Server Node Kubelet Pod Pod secret

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41 Secrets and Configmaps Kubernetes Master etcd API Server Node Kubelet API Server Node Kubelet Pod Pod /etc/tls secret

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42 Secrets and Configmaps Kubernetes Master etcd API Server Node Kubelet Node Kubelet Pod Pod /etc/tls /etc/tls 10.10.1.100 secret API Server

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43 Secrets and Configmaps Kubernetes Master etcd API Server Node Kubelet API Server Node Kubelet Pod Pod /etc/tls nginx 10.10.1.100 secret

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44 44 Services

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45 Services Pod hello Service Pod hello Pod hello

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46 Services Persistent Endpoint for Pods Pod hello Service Pod hello Pod hello

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47 Persistent Endpoint for Pods • Use Labels to Select Pods Services Pod hello Service Pod hello Pod hello

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48 Labels Arbitrary meta-data attached to Kubernetes object Pod hello Pod hello labels: version: v1 track: stable labels: version: v1 track: test

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49 Labels selector: “version=v1” Pod hello Pod hello labels: version: v1 track: stable labels: version: v1 track: test

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50 Labels selector: “track=stable” Pod hello Pod hello labels: version: v1 track: stable labels: version: v1 track: test

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51 Services Persistent Endpoint for Pods • Use Labels to Select Pods • Internal or External IPs Pod hello Service Pod hello Pod hello

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52 52 Deployments

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53 Drive current state towards desired state Deployments Node1 Node2 Node3 Pod hello app: hello replicas: 1

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54 Drive current state towards desired state Deployments Node1 Node2 Node3 Pod hello app: hello replicas: 3

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55 Drive current state towards desired state Deployments Node1 Node2 Node3 Pod hello app: hello replicas: 3 Pod hello Pod hello

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56 Drive current state towards desired state Deployments Node1 Node2 Node3 Pod hello app: hello replicas: 3 Pod hello

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57 Drive current state towards desired state Deployments Node1 Node2 Node3 Pod hello app: hello replicas: 3 Pod hello Pod hello

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58 58 Rolling Updates

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59 Rolling Update Node1 Node3 Node2 ghost Pod app v1 Service ghost Pod app v1 Pod app v1

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60 Rolling Update Node1 Node3 Node2 ghost Pod app v1 Service ghost Pod app v1 Pod app v1 Pod app v2

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61 Rolling Update Node1 Node3 Node2 ghost Pod app v1 Service ghost Pod app v1 Pod app v1 Pod app v2

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62 Rolling Update Node1 Node3 Node2 ghost Pod app v1 Service ghost Pod app v1 Pod app v1 Pod app v2

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63 Rolling Update Node1 Node3 Node2 Service ghost Pod app v1 Pod app v1 Pod app v2

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64 Rolling Update Node1 Node3 Node2 Service ghost Pod app v1 Pod app v1 Pod app v2 Pod app v2

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65 Rolling Update Node1 Node3 Node2 Service ghost Pod app v1 Pod app v1 Pod app v2 Pod app v2

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66 Rolling Update Node1 Node3 Node2 Service ghost Pod app v1 Pod app v1 Pod app v2 Pod app v2

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67 Rolling Update Node1 Node3 Node2 Service Pod app v1 Pod app v2 Pod app v2

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68 Rolling Update Node1 Node3 Node2 Service Pod app v1 Pod app v2 Pod app v2 Pod app v2

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69 Rolling Update Node1 Node3 Node2 Service Pod app v1 Pod app v2 Pod app v2 Pod app v2

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70 Rolling Update Node1 Node3 Node2 Service Pod app v1 Pod app v2 Pod app v2 Pod app v2

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71 Rolling Update Node1 Node3 Node2 Service Pod app v2 Pod app v2 Pod app v2

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72 72 Recap

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73 Kubernetes Manage applications, not machines Open source, Open API container orchestrator Supports multiple cloud and bare-metal environments Inspired and informed by Google’s experiences and internal systems

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74 Container • Subatomic unit in Kubernetes • Can use Dockerfile just like you’re used to

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75 Pods Logical Application • One or more containers and volumes • Shared namespaces • One IP per pod Pod nginx monolith NFS iSCSI GCE 10.10.1.100

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76 Monitoring and Health Checks Hey, app v1... You alive? Node Kubelet Pod app v1 app v1

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77 Secrets and Configmaps Kubernetes Master etcd API Server Node Kubelet secret $ kubectl create secret generic tls-certs --from-file=tls/

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78 Services Persistent Endpoint for Pods • Use Labels to Select Pods • Internal or External IPs Pod hello Service Pod hello Pod hello

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79 Labels Arbitrary meta-data attached to Kubernetes object Pod hello Pod hello labels: version: v1 track: stable labels: version: v1 track: test

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80 Drive current state towards desired state Deployments Node1 Node2 Node3 Pod hello app: hello replicas: 3 Pod hello Pod hello

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81 Rolling Update Node1 Node3 Node2 ghost Pod app v1 Service ghost Pod app v1 Pod app v1 Pod app v2

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82 But wait there’s more. • Persistent disks • Logging & Monitoring • Node & Pod Autoscaling • Web UI • Jobs & Daemon Sets • Cluster Federation • Ingress

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83 Scalable Microservices with Kubernetes https://www.udacity.com/course/scalable-microservices-with-kubernetes--ud615

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Thank you! (Additional resources in the slide notes below) Transition to CodeLab