アクターによる 並行処理アプケーションアーキテクチャ

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ΞΫλʔʹΑΔ  ฒߦॲཧΞϓέʔγϣϯ ΞʔΩςΫνϟ hakobe932 1

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࿩͢͜ͱ •ฒߦॲཧʹ͍͓ͭͯ͞Β͍ •ΞΫλʔͷ঺հ •ErlangʹΑΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ  ΞʔΩςΫνϟ

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The Free Lunch Is Over ϋʔυ΢ΣΞਐԽΛ  ଴ͯ͹γεςϜੑೳ͕  ޲্͢Δ࣌୅͸ऴΘͬͨ  (2005೥ʹ) IUUQXXXHPUXDBQVCMJDBUJPOTDPODVSSFODZEEKIUN ϚϧνίΞCPUͷ࣌୅

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ϚϧνίΞCPUΛੜ͔ͤΔ  ฒߦॲཧϓϩάϥϛϯάٕज़Λ ֶ΅͏!

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AppΤϯδχΞʹؔ܎ͳ͍? Q:WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷੑೳ͸  جຊతʹ͸IOό΢ϯυ͡ΌΜ? A:ϨΠςϯγʹؔͯ͠͸ɻ  େྔͷλεΫΛ͞͹࣌͘ͷεϧʔϓοτ ͕͕ͪ͏ɻ গͳ͍αʔόͰͨ͘͞Μ࢓ࣄ͕Ͱ͖͓ͯಘ

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ϚϧνίΞCPUΛ׆༻ •୯Ґ࣌ؒʹ͞͹͔ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍  σʔλ͸૿͍͑ͯΔ • ϒϩά/ϒοΫϚʔΫ΁ͷϦΫΤετ • Mackerel΁ͷσʔλͷϙετ •ࠓ͋Δ࢓૊ΈͰ͸͞͹͖͖Εͳ͘ͳͬ ͨΒ?? • ࣗ෼Ͱ࡞Δͱ͍͏બ୒ࢶΛ࣋ͭ

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ฒߦॲཧ͓͞Β͍

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ϓϩηεʹΑΔฒߦॲཧ •ॲཧʹରԠ͢ΔϓϩηεΛىಈ(fork) ͠OSʹεέδϡʔϧͤ͞Δ Good • ҆શ • ϓϩάϥϛϯάύϥμΠϜ͕มΘΒͳ͍ Bad • ϝϞϦ/CPUΛ࢖͏ • σʔλڞ༗͕େม(File, Pipe, Socket, DB)

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εϨουʹΑΔฒߦॲཧ •Ұͭͷϓϩηε಺Ͱෳ਺ͷ࣮ߦ୯Ґ Good • ൺֱతϦιʔεΛ࢖Θͳ͍ • ϝϞϦ΍ϑΝΠϧϋϯυϧͳͲΛ  ڞ༗Ͱ͖Δ Bad • ҆શʹڞ༗ϦιʔεΛ࢖͏ͷ͕೉͍͠

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εϨουΛ҆શʹ࢖͏ʹ͸ •εςʔτϨεʹ͢Δ •ڞ༗ϝϞϦ΁ͷΞΫηεΛಉظԽ͢Δ • Lock/Mutex/Semaphore/synchronized/ volatile … ͨͩ͠ਖ਼͘͠࢖͏ͷ͸೉͍͠  σουϩοΫ! σʔλڝ߹!!

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ྫ: σουϩοΫ public class LeftRightDeadlock { private final Object left = new Object(); private final Object right = new Object(); public void leftRight() { synchronized (left) { synchronized (right) { doSomething(); } } } public void rightLeft() { synchronized (right) { synchronized (left) { doSomething(); } } } } " # leftΛ  ϩοΫ rightΛ  ϩοΫ rightΛ  ϩοΫ͍ͨ͠ leftΛ  ϩοΫ͍ͨ͠ Ӭԕʹ଴ͭ Ӭԕʹ଴ͭ

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ฒߦॲཧͷந৅Խ •εϨουηʔϑͳΦϒδΣΫτʹ  ந৅Խ͢Δ •೉͍͠ॲཧΛ҆શʹͱΓ͔͋ͭ͑Δ  ෦඼ͱ͖ͯ͠ΓΘ͚Δ •ྫ: Future •ࢀߟ: Javaฒߦॲཧϓϩάϥϛϯά

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IUUQTQSBZJPEVTF

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ΞΫλʔ

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ΞΫλʔ •εϨουͷΑ͏ͳฒߦॲཧͷ୯Ґ •ϝοηʔδͷૹड৴ʹΑͬͯڠௐ •ΞΫλʔؒͰϝϞϦΛڞ༗͠ͳ͍  ˠ ڝ߹΍σουϩοΫ͕ى͖ʹ͍͘

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ΞΫλʔ͕Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱ 1.ϝοηʔδΛผͷΞΫλʔʹૹ৴͢Δ 2.ผͷΞΫλʔΛ࡞Δ 3.ϝοηʔδΛड৴ͯࣗ͠෼ͷঢ়ଶΛ  มߋ͢Δ

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ϝοηʔδͷૹड৴ Actor ϝʔϧϘοΫε ϝοηʔδ ঢ়ଶͷߋ৽ Actor

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৽͍͠ΞΫλʔͷੜ੒ Actor Actor Actor Actor ੜ੒ ੜ੒ ੜ੒

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ΞΫλʔʹΑΔγεςϜ Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor

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•ΞΫλʔΛߴ଎ʹେྔʹੜ੒Ͱ͖Δ •ΞΫλʔΛίϯτϩʔϧ͢Δ࢓૊Έ •ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͱͯ͠ಈ࡞ͤ͞Δ  ࢓૊Έ ΞΫλʔʹΑΔ  ࣮༻తͳΞϓϦέʔγϣϯߏங ErlangͷྫͰ۩ମతʹ঺հ →

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Erlangʹ͍ͭͯগ͠ •ؔ਺ܕ, ಈతܕ෇, ม਺΁ͷ࠶୅ೖෆՄ •ΞΫλʔத৺ͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ •༗໊ͳΞϓϦέʔγϣϯྫ: • RabbitMQ, Riak,  CouchDB, ి࿩ͷަ׵ػ

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Erlang༻ޠͰ͸ΞΫλʔͷ͜ ͱΛϓϩηεͱݺͼ·͢!!! ͕ͱ͜͜Ͱ͸ΞΫλʔͱ͍͏͜ͱͰʜ

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ErlangͷΞΫλʔ •ErlangϓϩάϥϜ͸ΞΫλʔͷू߹ •ඇৗʹܰྔͰߴ଎ • 1ͭ300ϫʔυ • ୯७ͳͷͰ͢͹΍͘ىಈͰ͖Δ • ࢀߟ: http://d.hatena.ne.jp/sakaia/ 20150315#1426406872 •ωΠςΟϒεϨουͰ͸ͳ͘  άϦʔϯεϨουతʹಈ࡞

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spawn !! Pid = spawn(fun() -> receive hello -> io:format("Hello, World!~n") end end). Pid ! hello. Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor hello Hello,  World!

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ΞΫλʔͷίϯτϩʔϧ •Ұ෦ͷΞΫλʔ͕Τϥʔ͕͓͖ͨΒ? Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor Error!!

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Let it crash •Τϥʔ͕͓͖ΔͱΞΫλʔ͕Ϋϥογϡ! Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor γεςϜͷଞͷ෦෼͸Ͳ͏͢Δ?

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Link Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor -JOL Ұํ͕ऴྃ ࣗಈతʹ  ΋͏Ұํ΋ऴྃ γεςϜશମΛ࣮֬ʹऴྃͰ͖Δ

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Link + process_trap Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor Actor -JOL Ұํ͕ऴྃ &9*5  ͕ૹ৴͞ΕΔ &9*5

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•ऴྃϋϯυϧͰ͖Δ Link + process_trap Actor Actor ޙॲཧΛ͢Δ Actor Actor ࠶ىಈ͢Δ Actor ͋Δ͍͸ Monitorͱ͍͏࢓૊Έ΋͋Δ

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Ͳ͏͍͏ઓུͰΤϥʔॲཧ͢Δ͔? •࣮͸͜Ε͸WorkerManagerͰͨ͠ Server Worker Worker Worker Manager Main શମΛ؅ཧ ϦΫΤετ  ड͚෇͚ ϫʔΧʔΛ  ؅ཧ

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Worker͕Τϥʔ Server Worker Worker Worker Manager Main →Worker͚ͩ࠶ىಈ͢Ε͹Α͍

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Server͕Τϥʔ Server Worker Worker Worker Manager Main →ܑఋͱͦͷࢠ΋͋Θͤͯ࠶ىಈ

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Supervisorʹ·͔ͤΑ͏ •ΞΫλʔऴྃॲཧʹ͸ύλʔϯ͕͋Δ •Link(΍Monitor)Λ࢖ͬͯஸೡʹ࣮૷  ͢Δͷ͸ୀ۶ •Α͋͘Δ؅ཧॲཧΛݞ୅ΘΓͯ͘͠Ε Δͷ͕Supervisor

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࠶ىಈͷઓུ •࠶ىಈ͢Δ͔Ͳ͏͔? • permanent/temporary/transient •ԿΛ࠶ىಈ͢Δ͔? • one_for_one/one_for_all/one_for_rest •ͲΕ͘Β͍Ͱ͖͋ΒΊΔ͔? • n෼Ҏ಺ʹmճ࠶ىಈͨ͠Βࢮ͵

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Managerͷઓུ Server Worker Worker Worker Manager Main permanent,  one_for_one

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Mainͷઓུ Server Worker Worker Worker Manager Main permanent one_for_all

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•SupervisorπϦʔ͕  ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛߏ੒͢Δ ErlangͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ Application

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RabbitMQͷSupervisorπϦʔ IUUQXXXTMJEFTIBSFOFUPME@TPVOEEJTTFDUJOHUIFSBCCJU

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SupervisorʹΑΔ଱ো֐  ΞʔΩςΫνϟ •Τϥʔͷॏཁ౓ʹԠͯ͡ΞΫλʔΛ෼ׂ •Τϥʔ࣌ͷΞΫλʔͷઓུΛSupervisor ʹΑΓઃఆ • ద੾ͳൣғΛඞཁʹԠͯ͡࠶ىಈ • Τϥʔͷ͜ͱΛߟ͑ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ઃܭ

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·ͱΊ •ΞΫλʔ͸҆શͰॊೈͳ  ฒߦॲཧϓϩάϥϛϯάٕज़ͷͻͱͭ •Erlang͸ΞΫλʔʹΑΔγεςϜͷ  ࣮༻తͳϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ •SupervisorΛ༻͍ͨ଱ো֐ੑ  ΞʔΩςΫνϟ͕ߏஙͰ͖Δκ

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ࢀߟจݙ •Javaฒߦॲཧϓϩάϥϛϯά - http://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4797337206 •͍͢͝ErlangΏ͔͍ʹֶ΅͏ʂ - http://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B00MLUGZIS/ •ฒߦॲཧॳ৺ऀͷͨΊͷAkkaೖ໳ - http://www.slideshare.net/sifue/akka-39611889 •ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠͷύϥμΠϜγϑτʔScala͔ΒݟΔؔ਺ܕͱฒ ྻੑ࣌୅ͷນ։͚ - http://www.slideshare.net/TanUkkii/functional-and- concurencyinscala •Web API αʔόʔͱͯ͠ͷ Elixir ͷՄೳੑ - https://speakerdeck.com/naoya/web-api-sabatositefalse-elixir- falseke-neng-xing