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intro
• Eduardo Chamorro
• 1988 Spain
• Master Architect
• Mit FabLab Instructor
Who?
Loves Architecture
Making/DIY
New Trends and Tendencies
Sport and relaxing
Loves meeting new people
Learning
Openminded
How?
ASK EVERYTHING ! ! ! ! ALWAYS PLEASED TO ANSWER
JUST STOP ME ! SERIUSLY ASK ! ! !
LETS MAKE IT FUN ! ! ! ! woooo hoooo ! ! !
LETS KNOW EACH OTHER (INTRODUCE YOURSELF)
IF you don´t understand my awfull
ENGLISH I can repeat or say it in
FRENCH or SPANISH
Learning has to be funny not boring,
nobody evaluates nothing ! ! !
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schedule
INTRO DESING TOOLS FILES DESIGN
WHAT IS A CNC AUTOCAD FIRST STEPS HOW TO SAVE TIME !
TYPES AND HOW IT WORKS LETS ENJOY DESIGN SOME THINGS
DESIGNS/WHAT WE CAN DO IF WE GO FAST WE CAN ALSO USE THE SMALL ONES ! ! !
1-2 day
3-4 day
SAFETY (HOW TO TAKE CARE OF YOU AND THE MACHINES)
FINISH THE DESIGNS
HOW SHOPBOT WORKS !
LET´S SET THE MACHINE AND LEARNING HOW TO OPERATE
HAVE FUN CUTTING ! ! ! !
ENJOY
YOUR
DESING
7-10PM
7-10PM
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CNC “The Big Brother”
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CAD-CAM
CNC MEANS COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL. THIS MEANS A COMPUTER CONVERTS TEHE DESIGN
PRODUCED BY COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN SOFTWARE (CAD) INTO NUMBER.
THE NUMBERS CAN BE CONSIDERED TO BE COORDINATES OF A GRAPH AND THEY CONTROL THE
MOVEMENT OF THE CUTTER. IN THIS WAY THE COMPUTER CONTROLS THE CUTTING AND SHAPING OF THE
MATERIAL
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SUBTRACTIVE PROCEDURE
CUTS AWAY
Cuts away material from a big piece of material until getting the desired shape and model
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POWERFULL BUT EASY TO USE
USED CORRECTLY THE LIMIT IS YOUR IMAGINATION
DESPITE BEING THE SAME AS PROFESSIONAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY IT CAN BE IMPLEMENTED IN ALL
THE FABLAB AND MAKERSPACES
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DOING ALMOST EVERYTHING..
MULTIPLE TYPES OF CUTTING
TWO DIFFERENT PROCEDURES 2D CUTTING OF PARTS AND POST ASSEMBLY OR 3D CUT WITH READY
A READY TO GO PART.
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USUALLY USED FOR PRODUCING BIG
DURABLE AND STRONG PARTS
AS THE MOST USEFULL ONES ARE NORMALLY BIG SIZE
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ECO HOUSE (Madrid,Spain)
ECOLOGIC HOUSE DESIGNED BY IAAC AND FABARCELONA FOR INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURE CONTEST
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ECO HOUSE (Madrid,Spain)
FULLY CNC CUTTED IN THE MAIN FABARCELONA FACILITIES
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ECO HOUSE (Madrid,Spain)
ASSEMBLY PROCEDURE
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ECO HOUSE (Madrid,Spain)
HOUSE FULLY FUNTIONAL, SMALL HOUSE FOR A FAMILY WITH THE RESULTS OF 0 RESIDUES AND 0 POWER
CONSUMPTION
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ECO HOUSE (Madrid,Spain)
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FABFI (AFGANISTAN)
PROJECT MADE BY FABFOUNDATION AND SOME ONGS TO GIVE LONGRADIO COMMUNICATION ON ISOLATED AREAS
WITH LOW RESOURCES
ADAPTING A WIFI ROUTER WITH A CNC STRUCTURE THEY CAN COMMUNICATE BETWEEN VILLAGES MILES AWAY
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ECO HOUSE (Madrid,Spain)
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SMALL PRODUCTS
FABLAB MANCHESTER DEVELOPED THIS PRODUCT FOR MASS STORAGE INCREASE ON MACBOOK COMPUTERS.
THE FINAL PRODUCT IN ALUMINIUN MILLED WITH CNC
NOT EVERYTHING IS BIG!!
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ECO HOUSE (Madrid,Spain)
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Metropol Parasol (Sevilla,Spain)
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FINAL STEP OF PROTOTYPING
%&4*(/ -"4&3$655&454y 3&%&4*(/y $/$130%6$5
FINAL PRODUCT FABRICATION WITH PROFESSIONAL RESULTS
THIS PROCEDURE :
-SAVE MONEY - SAVE TIME
-LESS WASTED MATERIAL - MISTAKE FORGIVING
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PRESS FIT IS NOT ONLY FOR LASERCUT !!
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ART PROJECTS
The light result is a simple checkerboard pattern of square light on one side and a rotated
checkerboard on the other. The torqued geometries allows light to be transmitted not only through
the thin end plane, but also through the edges of each tunnel.
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ART PROJECTS
They used a large CNC mill to mill out a pattern of
nested torqued tunnels of light.
A square geometry is twisted 45 degrees as it is
extruded from the base foam. This is done on both
sides, but with a 45 degree difference.
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1$#130%6$5*0/
-NO CHEMICAL WASTE -NON POLLUTING
-FAST -EASY TO PROTOTYPE
Why CNC?
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ELECTRONIC PROJECTS
1$#130%6$5*0/
PROFESSIONAL LOOK BOARDS VS BIG MESSY PROTOTYPE BREADBOARDS
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Why CNC?
Rapid prototyping furniture
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SKETCHAIR
NATURAL DESING
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SKETCHAIR
DIGITAL TESTING
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SKETCHAIR
AUTOMATIC PLANS EXPORT
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SKETCHAIR
ASSEMBLY TEST
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SKETCHAIR
FINAL MODEL CNC MADE!
DURABLE-RESISTANT-BEAUTIFUL
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• AUTOCAD www.autodesk.com
• Layout www.omax.com
• FreeCad www.freecadweb.org
• Qcad www.qcad.org
• Antimony www.github.com/
mkeeter/antimony
• LibreCad www.librecad.org
• Illustrator www.adobe.com
• Iodraw www.libreoffice.org
• Inkscape www.inkscape.org
• A9 CAD www.a9tech.com
• BLENDER www.blender.org
• Ecabinet www.ecabinetsystems.com
• gCAD3d www.cadcam.co.at
• Google Sketchup www.sketchup.google.com
• GraphiteOne CAD www.graphiteone-cad.com
• Solid Edge www.solidedge.com/free2d/
• Wings 3d www.wings3d.com
CAD SOFTWARE
FOR ALL THE TASTES
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• http://www.iscriptdesign.com/#
• http://mattermachine.com/
• http://www.sketchchair.cc/
• http://flatfab.com/
• http://boxmaker.connectionlab.org/
COOL DESIGN TOOLS
LETS DO IT ONLINE ! ! ! !
Parametric stools
Parametric everything !
Lets make chairs !
Flat 3d models
Parametric box
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Why CNC?
AUTOMATION
This gives the CnC user several side benefits including reduced operator fatigue, fewer mistakes
caused by human error, and consistent and predictable machining time for each work piece
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Why CNC?
ACCURACY
The second major benefit of CnC technology is consistent and accurate work pieces. todays CnC
machines feature a typical accuracy rate in the range of 2 to 4 thousandths of an inch or 0.05 to
0.10 mm and repeatability near or better his means that once a program is verified, two,
ten, or one thousand identical work pieces can be easily produced
with the same precision and consistency
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Why CNC?
FLEXIBILITY
Since these machines are run from computer programs, running a different work piece is as easy
as loading a different program. the resulting reduction in the number of machines needed in a
wood manufacturing shop is yet another benefit worthy of noting Less Work-in-Progress (WiP)
also translates into lower inventory and less investment in non value-added resources.
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• CNC stands for Computer Numerical Control; the machines are usually
platforms that allow a computer-driven cutting tool to carve a material in
all three dimensions.
• CNC routers can be programmed to make precise, repeatable cuts on
flat or low-elevation wood or plastic projects, while CNC mills turn
blocks of steel or other materials into engine components, brackets, and
other incredible metal creations.
The CnC machine takes no breaks and although
the human operator does, he can prepare work
for the machine to perform on its own while he
is undertaking other work.
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3 AXIS CNC
Movement in X-Y-Z axis
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3 AXIS CNC
Movement in X-Y-Z axis
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GIANT 3 AXIS CNC
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4 AXIS CNC
Movement in X-Y-Z axis and rotative tool
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5 AXIS CNC
ROBOT ARMS WITH SPINDLE ADAPTED
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HAND HELD/AUTOMATIC CNC
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HInc-4Hc6BI
MAYBE CNC EVOLUTION?
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PARTS OF CNC
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PARTS OF CNC
Bridge
T-slotted Table
Spindle
Stepper
Cable carrier
Lead Screw
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The Spindle
• Quieter!
• More horse power
• Precision bearings
(smoother cuts)
• Commercial quality (long life)
• Variable speed, controllable within
software
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The Router
• Less Expensive
• You can get replacements at
your local tool store...
• Upgradeable
• Works based of RPM
• Can only cut soft materials ( wood,
acrylic)
• Speed only controled via hardware
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The Collet
A router bit is held in the router with a collet.
A collet is designed to hold a bit with much more force than a
typical drill chuckcollets
for high end tools (spindles) are designed to be switched (changed)
rapidly, some even have with ATC (automatic tool changers)
Caution!
Keep collets clean, a piece of debris or
dust between the collet and bit can
cause the bit to spin elliptically, harming
bit, part or even operate anormaly
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AUTOMATIC VS MANUAL LUBBING
• EXPENSIVE-automatic cooling needs
air or water compresor and bigger
rooms
• DIRTY-the coolant gets
everywhere
• POWERFULL-can cut metal and
strong materials
• CHEAP-less parts machinery
• CLEAN-with a dust collector no
need to clean everything
• WEAK-can cut,wood,foam,
plastic,softcomposites and soft
metals with manual lubbing
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Maintain Your Machine and Use the
Correct End Mill.
• As often as we’re reminded, everyone neglects one of the
main workshop rules: Maintain your tools. This is crucial
when it comes to CNC machines. If the CNC isn’t calibrated
or is out of square, the output won’t match the input, no
matter how long you’ve pored over the plans.
• It’s very important to use an end mill that is specified for
the particular material you are using,
“There are end mills specific for wood, plastic, aluminum,
steel, and so on.”
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A Guide to CNC mills
$IPPTFUIFCJUTIBQFTVJUFEGPSZPVSQSPKFDU
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A Guide to CNC mills
"$/$SPVUFST OFFET NJMMT
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Better Knowledge Of The Tools, Better Results You Get
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The shape of the bit matters as well.
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Drill Bits vs End Mills
DRILLS ARE NOT END MILLS!
Drill bits are designed to plunge directly into material, cutting axially and
creating cylindrical holes.
End mills are typically used for horizontal carving and cut laterally.
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Drill Bits vs End Mills
This is due to cutting flutes that
extend to the end face and
enable plunge cutting.
To minimize tool breakage and
stress on the material being
cut, most CNC software will
“ramp” the end mill slowly into
lateral cuts..
Additionally, most mills are
“center-cutting,” meaning
they are able to cut both
axially and laterally.
DRILLS ARE NOT END MILLS!
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Forensic on End Mills
If you don´t understand your tools you don´t understand how it works!
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• End mill bits with fewer flutes are better suited to side/horizontal cutting while
bits with more flutes are better suited to end milling
• Side cutting generally requires larger amount of material to be removed and the
bits with fewer flutes allow the swawf to evacuate with less restriction.
TIPS
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Which Cutters so?
• 2 flute upcut and downcut end mills (great for hardwood and plywood)
• 2 or 4 flute ballnose mill (great for 3D contours)
• Single or “O” flute mill (great for plastics like HDPE and acrylic)
• 60° or 90° v-bit (great for cutting hardwood signs)
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Flat end vs Ballnose vs V-bits
VS VS
Each end mill tip shape is designed for a particular purpose. Some common cutter
shapes are ballnose, fish tail, surface planing, v‐carving, and straight.
V‐bits produce a “V”
shaped pass and are
used for engraving,
particularly for making
signs.
Ballnose mills produce a
rounded pass and are
ideal for 3D contour work
Fish tail cutters
will produce a
flat surface
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Are you carving
large 3D contours or
carvings ? You’ll
want a ball nose bit
that is appropriately
sized for the level of
detail in your
model. Ballnose (aka
contouring) bits are
fantastic for 3d
carving
Ballnose Cutter
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If you want to do
lettering or
detailed sign
making, you’ll
need to get a v
bit
They are available
in many sizes and
angles. The most
common and
useful angles in
order are 60deg,
90deg, and
30deg.
V - Cutter
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If you are flattening
large boards or you are
responsible for
maintaining the spoil
board on your CNC
router, you’ll want to
have a spoil board
cutter or flycutter bit.
These bits are made to
skim the surface and
leave a smooth flat
finish
Spoil Board Cutter
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Use the strongest bit you can
Balance your need for speed with
edge finish
Choose the appropriate bit
direction
(The biggest decision you’ll need to
make when picking your bit is cut
direction. Your choice are uncut,
downcut, and compression (a
combination of upcut and downcut))
TIPS
BIGGER IS
”BETTER”
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Downcut tools do the
opposite, producing a
smooth upper surface.
They are ideal for
pieces that have been
previously engraved or
v-carved and cannot be
flipped to hide tearout.
In addition, as downcut
mills pack the chips
into the cut path, they
can be used instead of
tabs to hold down a
workpiece and keep it
from moving
A CNC router spins a cutter clockwise.
Upcut mills eject
chips towards
the top of the
workpiece,
producing a
cleanly cut
bottom surface.
The downside is
possible surface
splintering or
“tearout” on the
top surface as
the chips are
ejected
upwards.7
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Importance of Flutes and Chipload
• Flutes are the helical grooves that wrap around the sides of the
end mill. Each flute has a single tooth with a sharp cutting edge
(although there can be more than one) that runs along the edge
of the flute.
• As the tooth cuts into the wood, each flute whisks away a small
section or “chip”. The fewer the flutes, the more material that is
ejected with each tool rotation. The overall cutting depth should
never exceed the length of the flutes on an end mill. If cutting
deeper than the length of the flutes, the tops of the flutes will be
blocked and chips won’t clear, building up heat and reducing tool
life
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• Chipload is the thickness of a machined chip as cut by
a specific tool type. More flutes create a smoother
surface finish, while fewer flutes remove material
fastest, but make rougher cuts.
• Proper chipload is important because chips dissipate
heat. Hot cutters can lead to suboptimal results,
including burned wood, a poor edge finish and dull
tooling.
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• Straight Flute – great all around bit, decent
chip removal
• Up Spiral – great chip removal, can tear-
out the top of thin veneer such as finish
grade plywood
• Down Spiral – poor chip removal, no tear
out, slower feed rate
• Compression – combination of up and
down spiral, great all around bit, great for
plywood or laminated sheet goods.
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MEASURES
• SHANK– part inside the has to fit
properly
• CutLenght– determines the maximum
amount of material removed
• FLUTES– cutting part
• DIAMETER – could be different shank
and cut diameter
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?¿TiCN – TiAIN-CARBIDE?¿
WHAT ARE THIS CRAZY LETTERS!
Solid materials for end mills are HSS (High Speed Steel) and Carbide.
Carbide is the harder of the two, will last longer and can handle faster feedrates. To
make carbide even better, there are various coating material applied
• The gold coating on the left is TiN. No, not the material of cola cans, but a very
resilient material (Titanium Nitride) that can withstand higher heat and provides a bit
more hardness.
• : TiCN (Titanium Carconitride) which is great for various metals, TiAIN (Titanium
Aluminum Nitride) which is even better for metals (not aluminum which is in the
coating itself)
• AITiN (Aluminum Titanium Nitride) with similar characteristics as TiAIN,
• Diamond, but don't get this for your loved one, unless they need a tool. Don't use
diamond on metals either, but this material coating is superior on other materials
especially composites and graphite
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TO SUMMARIZE
• More flutes create a smoother surface
finish
• Fewer flutes are best at chip clearing,
keep heat from building up
• One, two or four flute cutters are the
most common.
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Adjust Your Feed Rate and Depth per Pass.
• Spindle Speed – rotational speed of the cutting tool in revolutions
per min
Spindle speed that is too fast paired with a slow feed
rate can result in burning or melting.
• Feed Rate – Surface speed at the center of the rotating tool
Spindle speed that is too slow paired with a faster feed
rate can result in dulling of the cutting edge, deflection of
the end mill and possibility of breaking the end mill.
• Step down – the distance in the z direction per pass that a
cutting tool is plunged into the material
• Step over – the maximum distance in the x/y direction that a
cutting tool will engage with uncut material
Using the incorrect feed rate can have some interesting
consequences, besides a broken mill and a creaky,
inaccurate CNC.
Generally
• Plywood
Cuts Best At A Rate Of 80
Inches Per Minute (Ipm) And
0.4 Inches Depth
• Acrylic Plexiglas
Works Best At 130 Ipm, With
0.03 Inches Depth.
If you run your machine too slow, you risk burning the material or gumming up the cutting tool with melted material. In the
case of milling aluminum, it can turn the end mill into a solid rod … not very useful for cutting
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• chip load: ~ 0.001-0.010" = feed rate (inches per minute) / (RPM x
number of flutes)
• cut depth: ~ tool diameter/2
• step-over: ~ tool diameter/2
“Use your ears too, the tool should sound good when cutting … trust your gut”
Feed Rate / Speeds Golden Rules
The shopbot software includes a calculator for feed rates.
OR
http://www.carbidedepot.com/formulas-milling.htm
The mill should be warm, maybe a little hot to the touch, but it
should not burn you. If it is too hot, increase the feed rate or
lower the spindle speed
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Feed rate datasheet
• Cut Diameter - 1/4 inch or 6.35mm
Shank diameter - 1/4 inch or 6.35mm
Excellent Quality on Top and Bottom Edges
of Cut
• Soft Wood, Soft Plywood, Laminate
Chipboard and Laminated Plywood:
Chip load: .015 to .017
Suggested Low End Feed Rate: 540 IPM
Suggested High End Feed Rate: 612 IPM
• Hard Wood and Hard Plywood:
Chip Load: .014 to .016
Suggested Low End Feed Rate: 504 IPM
Suggested High End Feed Rate: 576 IPM
• MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard):
Chip Load: .013 to .015
Suggested Low End Feed Rate: 468 IPM
Suggested High End Feed Rate: 540 IPM
• All Feed Rates are based on 18,000
Spindle RPM
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CLIMB VS CONVENTIONAL MILLING
• Climb milling is when the direction of cut
and rotation of the cutter combine to try
to "suck" the mill up over
• It produces the best surface finish
• The width of the chip starts at maximum
and decreases.
• More power required..
CONVENTIONAL
TWO TYPES OF CUTTING TWO DIFFERENTS RESULTS
CLIMB
• Upward forces are created that tend
to lift the workpiece during face
milling.
• Conventional milling is preferred for
rough surfaces.
• The width of the chip starts from
zero and increases as the cutter
finishes slicing.
• Less power required
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CLIMB VS CONVENTIONAL MILLING
• When cutting half the cutter diameter or
less, you should definitely climb mill
• Climbing to rough and conventional to finish
• In case of cutting some types of foam
CONVENTIONAL
When to use each one¿
CLIMB
• - When cutting from 3/4 to 1x the
cutter diameter, you should prefer
conventional milling.
• conventional milling for the finish pass
Up to 3/4 of the cutter diameter, it doesn't matter which way you cut.
There is a problem with climb milling, which is that it can get into trouble with backlash if cutter forces
are great enough. In general, CNC machines shouldn't have any noticeable backlash, so these are more
concerns on manual machines.
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Common mistakes
• Cutting too slow will burn the bit or worse...
• Use the shortest bit that will do the job...Less
deflection,
fewer broken bits
• Don’t forget to turn the router on!
• In the battle between router bits and clamps ...
the clamp wins everytime!
BURNED MILL ! ! !
BROKEN MILL ! ! !
BENDED MILL ! ! !
DESTROYED MILL ! ! !
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Common mistakes
• Cutting too slow will
burn the bit or worse...
CHIPPING
CRATERWEAR
FLANKWEAR DOC NOTCHING
THERMALCRACKS
BUILT UP EDGE
• Cutting too slow will
burn the bit or
worse...
• Cutting too slow will
burn the bit or worse...
• Cutting too slow will
burn the bit or
worse...
• Cutting too slow will
burn the bit or
worse...
• Cutting too slow will
burn the bit or
worse...
IF WE LOOK CLOSELY WITH AN AUGMENTATION LENS…
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TIPS
Just like a baby... Feed a screaming bit. Usually a bit that’s “screaming” wants a greater chip load
Just like you.... A router bit shouldn’t smoke, it’s bad for its health. A smoking bit wants a greater
chip load
Keep it clean... A bit with built up tree resins, tars and sap are susceptible to pitting form the acids in
those compounds.
A published chipload isn’t gospel...Start out with the recommended chipload and increase the
feedrate until finish starts to deteriorate, then back off 10%. Now decrease the RPM and repeat the
same steps. This process also works when you don’t know the manufacturers recommended chipload.
Breakin’ em left and right... Even a properly used tool will occasionally break. If you are experiencing
multiple tool failures, STOP and ask yourself, Is this the right tool geometry for this job? Is the collet clean and
is the bit properly installed? Recheck
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Particularly for thin sheets of material, it is important to secure the
work very well. Excessive vibrating of the material will generate
additional heat and lead to premature bit failure or poor surface
finish. It is also important however, not to overtighten the screws as
they will cause bowing in the material that may effect the
dimensional accuracy. Flat head screws are better than tapered
head screws here.
Hold Down
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VACUUM TABLE: -expensive ( you can make your own?)
-clamping over whole area
-maintenance intensive
-for large pieces
Hold Down
FIXATION
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CLAMPS: -need sloted /threaded table
-horizontal
-vertical
-easy cheap
-bit can encounter the clamp
-use more space of the material
Hold Down
FIXATION
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SCREWS: -easy
-adaptative
-not easy to see
-cheap
-dangerous if you hit with the mill
-don’t waste almost material
Hold Down
FIXATION
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DOUBLE SIDED TAPE -easy
-adaptative
-not very strong fixation
-difficult to use on a used sacrifice board
-you can use all the surface of material
-cheap
Hold Down
FIXATION
Very used sacrifitial board
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Use a Screw Instead of a Holding Tab.
• To keep a part steady while being routed, many people insert holding tabs in the
pattern. The tabs act as tiny bridges that hold the milled part to the stock
material. The number of tabs depends on the part that you’re cutting.
• There is a balance between using more tabs than necessary, and not enough,”
• Not enough, and the tabs can snap during the milling process. More than
necessary, and you waste much of your time breaking them away after the job is
done.”
• When holding tabs won’t do the job, use holding screws instead. Drill two or more
holes into the part to be cut, and manually screw these holes to the spoil board
(the sacrificial material supporting your project from underneath) before cutting
around the perimeter of the object.
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HOLD DOWN
Needs maintenance
Requires to have a spoilboardcutter mill
Cheap
allows a lots of materials and fixations
Always check the thickness of you material to don´t cut it to much
When the are very used the Z is inaccurate
SACRIFICE BOARD
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Shopbot Safety Reminders
1) Wear protective gear including eye protection, ear protection and steel toed boots.
Avoid loose‐fitting clothing or dangling jewelry.
2) Keep eyes, hands, hair and clothing away from the ShopBot and router when it is
operating. Tie long hair back. Do not use your hands to hold down parts that may come
loose as they are cut out.
3) Read and follow the safety information that comes with your router, bits and other
accessories. Unplug or shut down power to the router or spindle when changing bits.
4) Listen for changes in sound that may indicate a problem while running the tool.
ALWAYS be near enough to the Remote Stop Switch or Space Bar on the computer
keyboard to be able to stop the gantries should a problem arise.
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5) Use a bit that is appropriate to the task. Inspect your bits for wear, burning, dullness and cracks
each time you use them.
•Choose a bit with the largest shank and the shortest bit length to fit the task to avoid excessive bit
deflection and stress.
• Never cut deeper than 1⁄2 mes the diameter of the bit in a single pass. Not only will two passes
make a cleaner cut but a shallower cut will cause less bit deflection and danger of breakage.
• Check your collets frequently. Collets do wear out, and a loose collet can result in greater
deflection and shimmy which equal poorer quality cuts and greater chance of breakage.
6) Avoid unsafe holddown practices that can shatter a bit or allow parts to move during cutting.
• Make sure that the vacuum is sufficient to hold down small parts. Create templates or use the
tabbing feature to hold small parts in place until you are ready to remove the machined pieces.
7) Locate mechanical holddowns such as clamps or sheet rock screws well clear of the cutting area.
Design your files in such manner that the bit does not encounter the screws or clamps. Countersink
holes for holddown screws.
8) Air cut your file before you put actually cut the file using the 3D offset option. Remember to
deselect the 3D offset when you are ready to really run the file.
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9) Create cutting files that avoid small parts flying out when being cut
10) Set Z accurately before starting the cut file, and know exactly how thick the material is.
11) Plan your toolpaths so that you cut out details and small parts before cutting out the big parts
and drill any holes in a file while the material is intact and positioned properly, then go back and
cut out the pieces.
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How to break a CNC
1) Moving over the machine limits
2) Drilling into the support.
3) Breaking the cutter/the support
4) Too high feed rates
5) Forgotting to switch on the spindle
6) Forgotting to fix properly
Only if I should have take more
care…..
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Experiment Safely
Don’t get too carried away with the numbers, use your common sense and
trust your gut. Every bit is a little different and there is a wide range of
densities in solid wood and different sheet goods
Experiment Safely
Experiment Safely
Experiment Safely
HOW MANY TIMES DO I HAVE TO SAY?
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MATERIALS
metals
STEEL
-Hardest
-Needs high power spindle
-High friction-heat
-Cooling needed
-Very hard and sharp chips
ALUMINIUM
-Relative hard
-Need high power spindle
-High friction-heat
-Often lubrication/cooling needed
-Low melting point – stick to cutter.
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MATERIALS
metals
ALUMINIUM
TEST
TEST
TEST
SLOWDOWN AND
CUT WITH SMALL
STEPDOWN.
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MATERIALS
woods
SOLIDWOOD/PLYWOOD
-STRONG
-GOOD SURFACE
-EXPENSIVE
MDF / HDF
-VERY UNIFORM
-CHEAP
-DIFFICULT TO MAKE GOOD SURFACE
FINISH
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MATERIALS
woods
SOLIDWOOD/PLYWOOD
MDF / HDF
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MATERIALS
plastics
• ACRYLIC
• POLYCARBONATE
• POLYSTYRENE
• POLYETHYLENE
• HDPE
• UHMWPE
• POLYOXYMETHYLENE
• POLYPROPYLENE
• NYLON
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MATERIALS
plastics
NYLON
-VERY VERSATILE
-AVAILABLE IN BLOCKS
-HIGH MELTING POINT
-ABSORBS WATER
-SWELLS/NOT EASY FOR HIGH PRECISON
-CAREFUL WITH COOLANT
.
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MATERIALS
plastics
POLYPROPYLENE
PP
-ONLY IN THIN SHEETS
-TOUGH AND STIFF
-GOOD FOR LIVING HINGES
EXPANDED PP ( EPP – FOAM)
-VERY TOUGH FOAM
-REGAINS SHAPE AFTER DEFORMATION
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MATERIALS
plastics
POM
POLYOXYMETHYLENE
(acetal, delrin , kepital)
-TOUGH
-VERY LOW FRICTION
-GOOD FOR SLIDING PARTS/GEARS
-MACHINES VERY WELL
-DOWCUT BIT RECOMMENDED
-EXPENSIVE
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MATERIALS
plastics
ACRYLIC
-CLEAR
-BRITTLE
-METLS EASILY/EASY TO POLISH
-SIGLE SPRIAL O-FLUTE CUTTER
RECOMMENDED
-VERY EASY TO BUY
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MATERIALS
foams
EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE
-Styrofoam
-Most common
-Large “bubbles”
-Surface always rough
Good for large objets
Have to choose correctly compatible glue o coating (styrospray)
EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE
-More expensive
-Tougher / better surface
-Very good for test runs
-Smoother finish than expanded one
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MATERIALS
wax
WAX
-Very soft
-Melts easily while machining
-Easily breaks
MACHINABLE WAX
-Smooth surface finish
-Soft
-Expensive (relative)
-1000ml ~ 20€
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REMINDER
MATERIALS
CUTTING PRODUCES CHIPS
• HIGH SURFACE AREA
• FIRE HAZARD
• DUST EXPLOSION
• SHARP EDGES
• VERY FLAMMABLE
• ALU CHIP + LUBRICANT = FIRE HAZARD
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WHERE TO BUY?
MATERIALS
ONLINE SHOPS
MDF, Acrylic, Silicones and Polyurethane
HOMI in Hongdae http://www.homi.co.kr/mall/index.php
Brass
small shops around here
Machinable wax
https://www.machinablewax.com/
Protoboard ‘raku‐tool’
http://www.ilbeom.co.kr/
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WHERE TO BUY?
MATERIALS
ONLINE SHOPS
Nylon and others
http://www.platech.com/
Many shops is Incheon ‐ not many internet shops / naver
can help
Good online shop with much information:
http://www.onlinemetals.com/
AND OF COURSE AROUND SEUN SANGGA ! ! ! !
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Practice Lossless Design.
If you place parts edge edge to edge, the end mill only cuts t
material once along the shared edge. That saves you time and m
also lengthens the lifespan of your end mill.
Implement the principles of
“lossless design” and lay each
component as close to the
other ones as possible.
That is called
” N E S T I N G”
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DESIGN TIPS
• Scale: Draw in millimeters, scale 1:1
• Clean: Provide clean drawings; delete all objects that are not cutting or engraving lines
• Nest: Combine all parts of the same material on one sheet. Our maximum board size is
2400x1220mm (ShopbotPRSalpha96-48) . Try to make a good fit to save material usage.
• Multiple sheets: Need more parts than you can fit on one sheet? Create a new drawing and
place your remaining parts here.
• No fills: Disable all fills and hatches. (except for area engraving)
• Explode text: Create outlines for all text. This can be done with the "Explode" function in most
CAD applications and the "Create Outlines" in Illustrator.
• Thin lines: Choose a line thickness of 0.2mm or hairline.
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• ASPIRE www.vectric.com
• Free Mill www.mecsoft.com
• HSMexpress www.hsmworks.com
• G-simple www.gsimple.eu
• Heeks CAD-CAM www.heeks.net
• EMC2 www.linuxcnc.org
• Jedicut www.jelinux.pico-systems.com
• FABMODULES www.fabmodules.org
• Ace Converter www.dakeng.com/ace.html
• DeskEngrave www.deskam.com
• Modela4player www.rolanddg.com
• Auto-Trace www.autotrace.sourceforge.net
• Scan2CNC www.gravomaster.com
• MaxCut www.maxcut.com.za
• Rhino CAM www.rhino.com
CAM SOFTWARE
FOR ALL THE TASTES
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D E S I G N
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
Later we'll see that the constraints of using CNC routers make clear that
joints which are specifically designed or adapted to the process are the most
suitable.
TERMINOLOGY
POCKET: a recess cut into a piece,
usually to accommodate a mating part
from the other member in the joint or to
“ dig” on the material .
CUT :is the most common on 2d cutting,
it is just cutting like a laser cutter but with
the cnc .
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
TERMINOLOGY
GROOVE: A slot (U shaped flat bottom
cut) or channel made with the grain.
DADO :A slot made across the grain.
RABBET: A slot cut parallel to, and along the
edge of, a board.
Half-Lap or Lapped: A dado or groove is cut
into each workpiece to half their thickness to
allow the parts to overlap one another.
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
TERMINOLOGY
TENON: A projection on the end of a
piece for insertion into a mortise.
MORTISE :A cavity or hole in a workpiece,
meant to receive a tenon.
DOVETAIL: A joinery technique noted for its
resistance to being pulled apart. This is an
interlocking joint where an angled male part
fits into a similarly shaped female pocket.
BLIND JOINT: Refers to joinery with mating
surfaces not protruding through the visible
faces of the pieces being joined.
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
TERMINOLOGY
HALF-BLIND JOINT: A joint where one
part protrudes through the other piece.
THROUGH JOINT :A joint where the
other members are visible on both sides.
CATEGORISED IN :
1 EDGE TO EDGE JOINTS 3 HOUSING JOINTS
2 CORNER JOINTS 4 FRAME JOINTS
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?¿inside corner problem?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
LASER VS ROTARY CUTTERS
Laser cutters can cut much finer details because they have very small “kerf”.
- On the other hand, they’re more expensive and can’t do partial-depth cutting or
“pocketing” like a CNC router can.
-They also use heat, which can burn the substrate and/or generate nasty off-gassing.
On the other hand, the burning effect can be used decoratively.
-A CNC router can change bits and cut complex relieved surfaces, or make cuts with
mitered or otherwise profiled edges.
KERF: ‐A GROOVE OR NOTCH MADE BY A CUTTING TOOL, SUCH AS A SAW
OR AN AXE,ETC
‐THE WIDTH OF A GROOVE MADE BY A CUTTING TOOL
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?¿inside corner problem?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
LASER VS ROTARY CUTTERS
Because of its very small cutting channel, a laser cutter can produce an inside corner with
a sharp angle, whereas a rotary cutter using a physical tool is limited to inside corners
rounded at the cutting tool’s radius:
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?¿inside corner problem?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
LASER VS ROTARY CUTTERS
The laser-cut version, with its sharp 90 corners, is suitable for use in a simple edge-lap
joint
The router-cut version, however, doesn’t work. The radiused corners bump into each other
and the part edges don’t line up. You can cut each slot a bit deeper, of course, and in
some applications this may be OK, but doing so leaves a void in the center of the joint and
concentrates stress on the radiused corners
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?¿inside corner problem?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
T BONE FILLET
Now the inside faces of the edge laps mate cleanly. On the other hand, the round divots
are visible in the assembled joint.
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?¿inside corner problem?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
DOG BONE FILLET
On average, this method offers the best compromise, IMHO: The flat areas between the
divots seat against each other firmly and the divots themselves are concealed inside the
joint.
BUT YOUR TOOL HAS TO BE SMALL ENOUGH
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?¿oblique edge lap?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
The rudimentary slotted joint, in which two slotted members are “halved” into one another, is often
referred to as an “edge lap.” In the basic edge lap, the slot’s width and the stock thickness are
essentially the same, and the two joined members are disposed at right angles to one another.
In THE OBLIQUE EDGE LAP, both slots are wider than the thickness of the stock, the resulting edge lap is
“loose” or “wobbly,” and the joined members can be disposed at acute or obtuse angles to one
another. In this configuration, the edges of the slots do not lie flush against the surface of the stock,
and the joint will be unstable without the presence of at least one other member. Nonetheless, the
oblique lap can be indispensable for breaking out of the “boxy” limitations imposed by using only basic
ninety-degree edge laps.
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC EDGE TO EDGE JOINTS
LAPPED DOVETAIL:
This example allows two boards to be joined along their edge.
On the back side of the joint the edge is a straight line
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o
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC EDGE TO EDGE JOINTS
DOUBLE LAPPED DOVETAIL:
Double dovetails in this version. So the decorative tails appear on each side of the piece (as
opposed to a straight line in the example above).
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC EDGE TO EDGE JOINTS
BOARD LENGTHENING WITH JIGSAW KEYS
Joints such as the following two use removable keys to edge join the boards. In reality these
keys are tough to get in and out of the pockets if the fit is good. So these are not suitable as
knock‐down (take apart) joints.
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o
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC EDGE TO EDGE JOINTS
BOARD LENGTHENING WITH ASYMMETRICAL DOVETAIL KEYS
Another version using more traditionally shaped dovetails. Butterfly keys are similar to this
although they are symmetrical about their centerline (these are asymmetric).
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o
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC EDGE TO EDGE JOINTS
GOOSENECK MORTISE AND TENON JOINT
The shape of this joint demonstrates the ease with which the CNC can cut complex curves
into joinery.
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o
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC EDGE TO EDGE JOINTS
DOUBLE JIGSAW
The two parts of this joint design are similar but are mirror images of one another.
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o
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC EDGE TO EDGE JOINTS
HALVING WITH ELLIPTICAL TENON
A halving joint is one where the two parts are each thinned by half and overlap one another.
The ellipse tenon in this joint provides mechanical resistance to pulling apart. This joint
would be weak in hardwood because the sheer plane is parallel to the wood fibers
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o
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC EDGE TO EDGE JOINTS
DOUBLE DOVETAIL
Standard dovetail shape (with rounded corners). In this joint the dovetails appear on both
sides.
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o
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC EDGE TO EDGE JOINTS
SHOULDERED DOUBLE TAIL
This joint uses a larger and smaller dovetail to interesting effect:
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC EDGE TO EDGE JOINTS
TRIPLE DOVETAIL
Single dovetail on one side, double on the other. Unlike the joint above these are not aligned
laterally making it stronger.
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC CORNER JOINTS
FINGER TENONS
These joints are the simplest of the CNC compatible tenons. The joint is fully exposed at the
corner. There is a lot of surface area for glue
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC CORNER JOINTS
BLIND FINGER TENONS
This example uses pockets along the edge of the joint to keep the tenons from showing
through. This is referred to as a blind joint. The edges are visible from the outside making a
nice detail to relieve the sharp edge
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o
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC CORNER JOINTS
BLIND FINGER TENONS
EXAMPLE SPEAKER BOX
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC CORNER JOINTS
FINGERTIP TENONS
Through corner joint. The two parts are identical. They provide a lot of glue surface area
making for a very strong connection. Here the narrower tenons are referred to as "fingertip"
rather than "finger"
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC CORNER JOINTS
HAMMER TENONS
This joint is designed to mechanically keep the joint from pulling apart along one axis.
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o
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC CORNER JOINTS
FINGERTIP TENONS WITH KEY
The lengthened tenons of this joint have a notch which accepts a key which secures the joint
against tension.
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC CORNER JOINTS
CATCH TENON
This is another break‐down joint. The parts are slid together and the catch is pushed
through the matching latch. When through far enough the tenon flips down and hooks to
secure the joint from coming apart by tension.
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC CORNER JOINTS
DOWELED MORTISE AND THROUGH TENON
This example uses a dowel to prevent one part from sliding back through the other. When
the dowel is tight against the face of the mating piece the joint is pretty solid.
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o
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC HOUSING JOINTS
THROUGH FINGER TENONS
This is an example of a through joint where the tenons of the perpendicular member show
through the side.
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o
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC FRAME JOINTS
OVAL SHOULDERED HALVING
Simple curved edge half‐lap joint. The parts are identical. This joint is decorative compared
to a normal half‐lap but is also stable. The curves provide some extra tensile strength as well
as increased glue area along the sides of the joint. In all half lap joints the material thickness
is critical to a accurate fit.
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC FRAME JOINTS
DOVETAILED CROSS HALVING
This joint has two identical parts. They provide a high degree of racking resistance and lot of
glue area.
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o
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC FRAME JOINTS
CROSS MITER JOINT WITH JIGSAW KEY
This joint allows four separate members to join at a common intersection point using a
jigsaw key. In a tight fitting joint this is very difficult to take apart so it can't be considered
knock‐down.In a joint loose enough where the joint can be easily taken apart the holding of
the four members are not very rigid.
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC FRAME JOINTS
STOP LAP WITH JIGSAW KEY
The jigsaw key provides some tension resistance. This joint also has a notch cut in the edge
so the cross member can resists lateral stresses as well.
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC FRAME JOINTS
JIGSAW MITER JOINT
Another decorative half‐lap corner joint that provides resistance to pulling apart due to the
interlocking parts..
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC FRAME JOINTS
HALVED DOVETAIL
Another half‐lap variant which resists tensile forces in pulling it apart.
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC FRAME JOINTS
DOVE TAIL KEY CORNER
This joint has a separate key to resist the tensile stresses on the joint. Note that the parts do
not have to be at a right‐angle
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC FRAME JOINTS
SHOULDERED DOVETAIL HALVING
Another half‐lap variation with a dovetail. This joint has a notch cut in the edge so the cross
member is less likely to shift laterally. Thus the joint resists forces in all directions.
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC FRAME JOINTS
HOOKED JIGSAW HALVING
These last two joints have one member extending beyond the edge of the other. In this case
the hook extends fully through the piece providing some tensile resistance.
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?¿X–T –L–V – DOVEL JOINTS?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
3 AXIS CNC FRAME JOINTS
DOUBLE JIGSAW-HOOK CORNER
This is a decorative corner joint which provides resistance to tensile stresses. The extension
could be used as a hook:
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o
MORE INFORMATION ABOUT JOINERY
THE ART OF JAPANESE JOINERY (KIYOSI SEIKE) –BOOK
JOINT BOOK : THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO WOOD JOINERY
WOODWORKER´S GUIDE TO JOINERY
50 DIGITAL JOINS
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No content
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ENDLESS POSSIBILITIES
CNC WOOD JOINERY
IMPLEMENT THE JOINS ON YOUR DESIGN ! ! !
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ENDLESS POSSIBILITIES
CNC WOOD JOINERY
THREE BASIC APPROACHES
STACK OF SECTIONS GRID OF SECTIONS GRAPHIC PROFILE
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ENDLESS POSSIBILITIES
CNC WOOD JOINERY
NEW APPROACHES
BREAKPLANE HINGES
Andy Kem’s
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ENDLESS POSSIBILITIES
CNC WOOD JOINERY
HIDDEN HINGES
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ENDLESS POSSIBILITIES
CNC WOOD JOINERY
NEW APPROACHES
Gregg Fleishman´s router aesthetics
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• Tools: Router bits are used rather than saw blades. Tear out on the edge of
pieces is more problematic with router bits. This needs to be carefully setup so
the tool approaches the work properly. Router bits also exert more force on the
workpiece while cutting necessitating stronger fixturing.
– When routing plywood contour cuts are usually machined with a compression bit. This bit
pushed down from the top and lifts up from the bottom to reduce tearout in sheet
goods. Pockets are usually cut with down shear bits to reduce tearout.
• Corners: Square corners can’t be cut with cylindrical router bits. For many
cases this means joints need to be designed with rounded corners. The rounded
corners can be drilled out or routed. A key with routing these corners is that the
tool must keep moving while making the cut. Otherwise excessive heat develops.
This leads to greatly increased tool wear and the potential for fires.
– See CNC Corner Fix Utility for a program to help in quickly drawing these rounded
corners in Rhino.
There are some issues associated with CNC cut joints which need to be understood.
CONSIDERATIONS
CNC WOOD JOINERY
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CONSIDERATIONS
CNC WOOD JOINERY
• Tolerances: If two mating parts are cut to the same dimension they
obviously won't fit together. A gap needs to exist between the parts for
them to slide by one another and provide a small space for glue. In CNC
work it's common to use a gap of 0.005" per side of the joint. So for
example a tenon should be cut 2 times 1,2mm narrower than the mortise
(1.2mm on each side). This is a fairly tight fit but will work if the machine
is very accurate and the tools are sharp. If the tools are dull, the cut is
not as clean and the accuracy can't be maintained. Therefore it is
sometimes necessary to use 0,25mm per side. Most of the joints shown
below were cut with 0,25mm per side. This was done to allow the pieces
to slide apart easily for demonstration purposes.
• Stock: Material thickness variations have a big impact on CNC cut joints.
The toolpath programming will be done for a certain thickness. If the
stock is not that thickness exactly it will affect the fit of the joint. For this
reason using "Stock to leave" and "Floor to leave" parameters in the CAM
software can provide offsets to compensate for the variation.
• Fixturing: Rather than moving the work piece over the tool, the work
must be held securely while the tool moves. The process of securing the
work is called fixturing. In the case of 3-axis routing of plywood this
usually just means tabbing the parts. In hardwood this often involves
double-sided tape holding the parts to a spoilboard.
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?¿MATERIALS DATASHEET?¿
CNC WOOD JOINERY
BIRCH PLYWOOD CASE
When you see a
deviation in
thickness in some of
the joints it is usually
this material
thickness difference
which is the cause
THAT IS WHY IS SO
IMPORTANT TO
MEASURE
PRECISELY YOUR
MATERIAL !
USUALLY THERE IS
A DEVIATION OF
0,1-0,3MM
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What are Toolpaths?
A toolpath is the user-defined coded route
which a cutting tool follows to machine a part.
They are represented on the screen by lines and curves which
represent the path of the bottom center of the cutting tool. Pocket
toolpaths etch the surface of the material, while profile toolpaths
cut all the way through.
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CAM BASICS
• KEEP TOOL DIAMETER IN MIND
• FINAL CUTTING DEPTH !
• THINK ABOUT HOLDING YOUR SHAPE
• MAKE A PLAN FROM START TO FINISH
• THINK ALWAYS TWICE
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?¿G01 –M02–G21 – G00?¿
G - CODE
MACHINES LANGUAJE
Is the language that the machines talk, they can understand standart one of speak another “
dialect” depends on the firmware of the machine.
Is just a series of numbers with letters, like directions on maps or a gps so the machine know what
it has to do and with actions has to take.
IMPORTANT CODES.
• X / Y / Z ABSOLUTE POSITIONING
• M02 / M30 END OF PROGRAM
• G 20 PROGRAMING IN INCHES
• G 21 PROGRAMING IN MM
• G 00 RAPID POSITIONING
• G01 LINEAR MOVEMENT (CUTTING)
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?¿ROUGHENING – FINISHING - ETC?¿
CAM TERMS
STARTING
POINT 0 , 0 , 0
IMPORTANT WORDS
• ROUGHENING REMOVING MOST MATERIAL
BUT NOT ALL
• FINISHING FEMOVING MATERIAL UP TO
DESIRED SHAPE
• PROFILE CUTTING AROUND A LINE
• STEP OVER HOW MUCH OF THE CUTTER
IS CUTTING
• STEP DOWN CUTTING DEPTH IN ONE
PASS
• FEED CUTTING SPEED
• PLUNGE CUTTING STRAIGHT DOWN
• LEAD IN/ENGAGE HOW TO MOVE INTO CONTACT
• POCKETING CUTTING INSIDE OF SHAPE
• FACING CUTTING ALL
• STOCK THE PIECE YOU WANT TO CUT
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FROM CAD TO CAM
CAM START
DIFFERENTS REQUIREMENTS DEPENDING ON THE PROGRAM
• DXF ALWAYS A GOOD START, OLDER VERSIONS ALWAYS BETTER
• STL BINARY TYPE ALSO IS USUALLY COMPATIBLE
• PNG FOR 2D-3D WITH OUTLINES OR GRADIENTS
• SVG FOR 2D FILES
TROUBLESHOOTING
• TRY WITH ONLY ONE SOLID NOT MULTIPLE SOLIDS
• MESH OFTEN DIFFICULT TRY SOLID OR CURVES
• ONLY SOLIDS? TRY TO CHANGE TO CURVES
• ADD EXTRA CURVES ON CAD MODEL
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V CARVE TUTORIAL
SHOPBOT BIG CNC
TOOLPATHING
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
SET MATERIAL SIZE AND THICKNESS (CHECK UNITS)
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
FILE – IMPORT – VECTOR/BITMAP OR DESIGN IN THE PROGRAM
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
MOVE YOUR DESIGN TROUGHT THE MATERIAL
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
SELECT YOUR VECTOR AND RIGHT CLICK, CHECK FOR OPEN VECTORS
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
WE WILL GET A DIFFERENT TYPE OF TOOLPATH ALSO IN UPPER VIEW
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
SELECT YOUR VECTOR AND RIGHT CLICK, CHECK FOR DUPLICATE VECTORS
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
YOU CAN SCALE – ROTATE – MODIFY YOUR DESIGN -ETC
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
EXAMPLE OF SCALING
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
YOU CAN USE DIFFERENT LAYERS TO SET DIFFERENT TOOLPATHS
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
CREATE FILLETS IF YOU NEED FOR SOLVING THE INSIDE CORNER ISSUE
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FILLETS – SELECT YOUR RADIUS MILL
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
NORMAL FILLET
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
DOG BONE FILLET
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
T BONE FILLET
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
YOU CAN NEST OBJECTS FOR SAVING MATERIAL
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
IN CASE YOU SCREW TO THE TABLE LET ENOUGH BORDER GAP, CHECK ALL THE
VALUES ( MILL RADIUS, DISTANCE BETWEEN PIECES) AND PREVIEW.
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
CLICK “SWITCH TO TOOLPATHS TO CHANGE BETWEEN “DESIGN” TO “TOOLPATHING”
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
PROFILE / POCKETING / DRILLING / ENGRAVING / FLUTTING / TEXTURING / PRISM
CARVING, LOT OF CHOICES BUT CUTTING AND POCKETING THE MOST COMMON ONES
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
SELECT OUTSIDE CUT VECTORS CHECK CUTTING DEPTH
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
SELECT YOU MILL ( DON´T MODIFY ANY VALUE HERE OR YOU WILL CHANGE THE
DATABASE)
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
IN EDIT CHANGE THE FEEDS AND SPEEDS
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
EDIT PASSED TO SELECT THE DEPTH CUTTED IN EACH PASS REMEMBER ALWAYS
LESS THAN HALF THE MILL DIAMETER
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
SELECT TYPE OF CUT OUTSIDE/INSIDE/ON
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
ADD TABS IN CASE YOU NEED THEM
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
IN TABS MENU YOU CAN ADD THEM MANUALLY OR USE AUTOMATIC TABS
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
WE ADD RAMPS
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
NAME THE TOOLPATH AND CALCULATE
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
WE WANT TO CUT TROUGHT SO IT IS NORMAL BUT YOU NEED A SACRIFICE BOARD
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
WE CAN PREVIEW THE TOOLPATHS IN 3D VIEW
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
EN PREVIEW AN ANIMATION
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
NOW WE SELECT THE INSIDE CUT VECTORS
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
WE CHECK THE MILL SELECTED
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
WE SELECT INSIDE CUT
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
ADD TABS IN CASE WE NEED THEM, RAMPS, NAME THE FILE AND CALCULATE
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
WE CAN PREVIEW ALL THE TOOLPATHS AT THE SAME TIME
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
LET´S TRY POCKETING
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
WE SELECT THE CUTTING DEPTH
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
TYPE OF POCKETING RASTER VS OFFSET
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
CHECK IN 3D VIEW THE TOOLPATH
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
DIGITAL WOOD PREVIEW
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
WE HAVE FINISH MAKE TOOLPATHS LET´S MAKE THE FINAL STEPS
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
TOOLPATHS RELCALCULATION IN CASE WE MODIFY OF MOVE THE VECTORS
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
WE CAN NOW THE ESTIMATED CUTTING TIME
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
SELECT AND SAVE ONLY TOOLPATHS WITH THE SAME MILL ! ! !
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
V CARVE
SAVE THE FILE TO OPEN WITH SHOPBOT 3
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FABMODULES
SHOPBOT/MODELA CNC
TOOLPATHING
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
FABMODULES
SELECT YOU INPUT FORMAT
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
FABMODULES
IN THIS CASE WE ARE GOING TO 3D CNC WITH A GRADIENT PNG
IF YOU ARE GOING TO USE STL REMEMBER TO SAVE AS BINARY TYPE
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
FABMODULES
SELECT SHOPBOT, G-CODE FOR STANDAR,ROLAND MILL IN CASE OF MODELA
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
FABMODULES
SELECT YOUR TYPE OF TOOLPATHING
PLYWOOD-HDPE FOR 2D
FOAM TYPE FOR 3D
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FABMODULES
SELECT YOU INPUT FORMAT
CHECK ALWAYS ALL THE VALUES !
AND CALCULTE
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
FABMODULES
AFTER SOME SECONDS OR MINUTES ( DEPENDS ON YOUR MODEL/COMPUTER)
YOU WILL GET THE TOOLPATH IN UPPER VIEW
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
FABMODULES
ROTATE / ZOOM / CHECK THE MODEL TO SEE IF EVERYTHING SEEMS FINE
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
FABMODULES
SAVE THE FILE OR SEND IT IF THE MACHINE IS CONNECTED
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FABMODULES
SELECT YOU INPUT FORMAT
NOW WE ARE GOING TO DO THE FINISH CUT IN CASE YOU HAVE SELECTED
PREVIUSLY ROUGH CUT
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
FABMODULES
CHECK AGAIN ALL THE VALUES AND YOU TYPE OF MILL ( FLAT OR BALL END)
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
FABMODULES
WE WILL GET A DIFFERENT TYPE OF TOOLPATH ALSO IN UPPER VIEW
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
FABMODULES
ROTATE TO CHECK WOOOH ! IT LOOKS AWESOME !!
DON´T FORGET TO SAVE
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MESHCAM
CNC
TOOLPATHING
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
MESHCAM
• EASY TO USE
• ALMOST EVERYTHING GRAPHIC INTERFACE
• AUTOMATIC TOOLPATH WIZARD
• PC´S AND MACS
• CHEAP
• INTUITIVE
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
MESHCAM
LOAD YOUR DESIGN
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
MESHCAM
CHOOSE THE TYPE OF MACHINING
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
MESHCAM
DEFINE MATERIAL AND REGION TO MACHINE
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
MESHCAM
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
MESHCAM
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
MESHCAM
CHECK YOUR TOOLPATH AND SAVE !
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CAMBAM
CNC
TOOLPATHING
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
CAMBAM
• 500 LINES OF G-CODE IN FREE TRIAL
• 2D OR 3D
• SMALL PROGRAM
• CHEAP
• NO 4 AXIS
• SOMETIMES PROBLEMATIC WITH ARCS
• ATL+MOUSE FOR CHANGING VIEW
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
CAMBAM
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
CAMBAM
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
CAMBAM
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
CAMBAM
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
CAMBAM
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
CAMBAM
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
CAMBAM
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RHINO CAM
CNC
TOOLPATHING
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
• PLUGIN FOR RHINO CAD
• BASED ON VISUAL MILL
• TIERED SOFTWARE (STANDARD/PRO)
• EXPENSIVE
• ALWAYS NEED FIRST RHINO CAD
• NOT EASY
• VERY POWERFULL
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
TOOL SETUP
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
TOOL GEOMETRY
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
TOOL SETUP FEEDS
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
MACHINING REGIONS
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
SELECT EDGES
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
SELECT REGION
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
CONFIRM WITH RIGHT CLICK
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
DIFFERENT MACHINING OPTIONS
Roughening Finishing
Horizontal Parallel
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
HORIZONTAL ROUGHENING
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
PLUNGE ROUGHENING
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
PARALLEL FINISHING
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
HORIZONTAL FINISHING
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
PENCIL TRACING
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
WORK ZERO
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
WORK ZERO
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
HORIZONTAL ROUGHENING
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
HORIZONTAL ROUGHENING
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
HORIZONTAL ROUGHENING
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
HORIZONTAL ROUGHENING
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
HORIZONTAL ROUGHENING
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
HORIZONTAL ROUGHENING
Remember Downcut and Endmill cutter?
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
HORIZONTAL ROUGHENING
! Attention
•If stepdown distance > available space
•‘Toolpath could not be generated
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
HORIZONTAL ROUGHENING
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
HORIZONTAL ROUGHENING
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
GENERATE TOOLPATH
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
GENERATE TOOLPATH
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
SIMULATE
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
SIMULATE
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
SIMULATE
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
SIMULATE
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
SIMULATE
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LET´S MAKE THE TOOLPATHS
RHINO CAM
OOOPS
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CONTROL SOFTWARE
from
CAM TO CNC
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SHOPBOT 3 CONTROL
SHOPBOT BIG CNC
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SHOPBOT 3 CNC CONTROL
OPEN SHOPBOT 3
OOOPS MAYBE YOU FORGOT TO SWITCH ON THE CNC ?
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SHOPBOT 3 CNC CONTROL
OPEN SHOPBOT 3
TURN ON THE SHOPBOT
TURN UP THE MAIN POWER SWITCH
AND IN CASE YOU HAVE TURN THE
SECURITY KEY
LOCATE THE POWER SWITCH
(CONTROL BOX) AND THE 2
EMERGENCY STOP BUTTONS
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SHOPBOT 3 CNC CONTROL
EMERGENCY STOP BUTTON LOCKED
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SHOPBOT 3 CNC CONTROL
OPEN SHOPBOT 3
TURN ON THE POWER SWITCH
UNLOCK BY TURNING CLOCKWISE THE
EMERGENCY STOP BUTTONS IN CASE
THEY WERE LOCKED
PRESS THE BLUE RESET BUTTON TO
RESET THE DRIVERS
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SHOPBOT 3 CNC CONTROL
SIMPLE INTERFACE
If it is the first time of the day the shopbot has been run you must run the warm up
routine.Type C5 and press start button on the machine, it will take 9 min.
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SHOPTBOT 3 CNC CONTROL
LET´ S MOVE THE MACHINE
Let´s move up the spindle to make the mill/collet install easier.
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SHOPTBOT 3 CNC CONTROL
MOVE TO RAISE UP Z
JOG NEXT SUPERFAST MOVING ( BE CAREFULL)
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SHOPTBOT 3 CNC CONTROL
MOVE TO MAKE X-Y-Z
Loosen the thumb screw to
drop the dust shroud for
better access to the spindle
Unscrew using the provided
wrenches so you don´t
damage the collet.
Clean properly the collet
and collet nut from dust.
Assemble again with your
bit and tight everything.
Don´t forget to secure
your material properly.
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SHOPTBOT 3 CNC CONTROL
MOVE TO MAKE MATERIAL ORIGIN X-Y-Z
JOG NEXT SUPERFAST MOVING ( BE CAREFULL)
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SHOPBOT 3 CNC CONTROL
CLICK (Z)ERO TO RESET THE POSITION TO 0,0,0
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If you have a Z plate use it for automatic Z zeroing!
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MACH 3 CNC CONTROL
LOAD G-CODE
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MACH 3 CNC CONTROL
LOAD G-CODE
DON´T FORGER TO TURN ON THE SPINDLE BY PRESSING THE GREEN
BUTTON WHEN THE PROGRAM ASKS FOR IT.
NOW YOU CAN START CUTTING ! ! !
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MACH 3 CNC CONTROL
HAVE FUN CUTTING ! ! !
DON´T FORGET TO TURN ON THE SPINDLE! ! !
BE SAFE! ! !
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_eTz0Jk6rw
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MACH 3 TUTORIAL
TABLE CNC
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CONTROLLER
MACH 3 CNC CONTROLLER
• MOST COMMON CNC CONTROL SOFTWARE
• BUNDLED WITH MANY CNC MACHINES
• TIMING SENSITIVE
• KEEP PC CLEAN!
• LAPTOP NOT GOOD (POWER SAVING,ETC)
• NEED PARALLE PORT
• SUPPORT 2.5D MACHINING FROM BMP/JPEG
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MACH 3 CNC CONTROL
MAIN WINDOWS
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MACH 3 CNC CONTROL
JOG MODE
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MACH 3 CNC CONTROL
CONFIGURATION
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MACH 3 CNC CONTROL
CHOSE UNITS
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MACH 3 CNC CONTROL
CHECK INPUT PINS
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MACH 3 CNC CONTROL
MOTOR SETUP
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MACH 3 CNC CONTROL
RESET BUTTON
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MACH 3 CNC CONTROL
LOAD G-CODE
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MACH 3 CNC CONTROL
EDIT G-CODE
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MACH 3 CNC CONTROL
ZERO WORK COORDINATES
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MACH 3 CNC CONTROL
ROTATE COORDINATE SYSTEM?
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MACH 3 CNC CONTROL
TOOLPATH WINDOW
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MACH 3 CNC CONTROL
OFFSETS
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MACH 3 CNC CONTROL
SETTINGS WINDOWS
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MACH 3 CNC CONTROL
DIAGNOSTICS WINDOW
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MACH 3 CNC CONTROL
RUN G-CODE ! ! !
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CAM REVIEW
• YOU NEED A CAD MODEL
• DXF PREFERABLE ( OLDER IS BETTER)
• NO UNDERCUTS
• REASONABLE SIZE/DEPTH
• THINK ABOUT YOUR MATERIAL
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COMMMON MISTAKES
BAD QUALITY CUTTING FIRE ! ! ! OR BREAKING
SACRIFICE BASE
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COMMMON MISTAKES
BAD TOLERANCES BAD TROUGH CUTTING
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FROM CAD TO CAM
COMMON SPINDLE SPEEDS
DEPENDS ON TYPE OF BITS AND MATERIALS
Frequency on VFD Rounds per minute Material
x 3000 Aluminium
150 x Model Wax
200 10000 Plastics
270 13500 Most plywood, MDF, and so on.
300 15000 Hardwood
DIFFERENTS REQUIREMENTS DEPENDING ON THE PROGRAM
WARM UP THE SPINDLE, ONLY IF THE MACHINE HASN´T BEEN USED RECENTLY AND THE BEARING ARE COLD
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HOW TO ?
TROUBLESHOOTING
CHATTER - RESONANCE / EIGENFREQUENCY
REDUCES ACCURACY AND TOOL LIFE
NOISY
WORKPIECE CLAMPED PROPERLY?
CUT AWAY TOO MUCH? LEAVE BIGGER TABS
BASED ON TOOL DEFLECTION?
INCREASE RIGIDITY / TOOL DIAMETER
REDUCE CUTTING SPEED
CHANGE SPINDLE SPEED
CHANGE NUMBER OF FLUTES
UPCUT / DOWNCUT
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REF:
• https://www.snijlab.nl
• http://mkmra2.blogspot.kr/
• http://www.cnccookbook.com/
• http://makezine.com/
• www.fabacademy.org
• www.mkmra2.blogspot.kr
• http://academy.cba.mit.edu/
• Alex Jahn ( [email protected] )
by EDUARDO CHAMORRO MARTIN
[email protected]