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Mapping the Hampshire Energy Landscape Dr Ben Anderson Energy & Climate Change Division Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences 2nd February 2022

3 Establishing the boundaries • All 14 ‘pan-Hampshire’ Districts: – Basingstoke and Deane – East Hampshire – Eastleigh – Fareham – Gosport – Hart – Havant – Isle of Wight – New Forest – Portsmouth – Rushmoor – Southampton – Test Valley – Winchester

4 What’s the challenge? Data source: BEIS (All 14 ‘pan-Hampshire’ Districts summed, includes power generation via share of use) Pan-Hampshire emissions estimates (CO2 only: 8,421 kT CO2 in 2019) Sequestration Energy (mostly)

5 What’s the challenge? All 8 GHGs: Carbon dioxide (CO2); Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) , Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) Data source: Centre for Sustainable Energy/University of Exeter Impact Tool (All 14 ‘pan-Hampshire’ Districts summed, includes power generation via share of use) Pan-Hampshire emissions estimates 2018/19 (All GHGs: 12,216 kT CO2 e) Sequestration Energy (mostly) All GHGs + aviation + shipping

6 What’s the challenge? Pan-Hampshire emissions estimates 2018/19 (All GHGs) Sequestration 90% of gross emissions Data source: Centre for Sustainable Energy/University of Exeter Impact Tool (All 14 ‘pan-Hampshire’ Districts summed, includes power generation via share of use) All GHGs + aviation + shipping

7 How much energy do we use? • 2009 – 54,801 GWh • 2019 – 51,769 GWh Data source: BEIS (All 14 ‘pan-Hampshire’ Districts summed) -6% Range: • Test Valley: +6% … • New Forest: -12% 0 4000 8000 12000 16000 Coal_Agriculture Bioenergy_and_wastes_Industrial_an… Coal_Rail Coal_Commercial Petroleum_Public_sector Petroleum_Commercial Coal_Public_sector Manufactured_fuels_Domestic Coal_Domestic Petroleum_Rail Coal_Industrial Petroleum_Agriculture Bioenergy_and_wastes_Road_transport Bioenergy_and_wastes_Domestic Petroleum_Domestic Manufactured_fuels_Industrial Electricity_Domestic Gas_Industrial_Commercial_and_other Electricity_Industrial_Commercial_an… Gas_Domestic Petroleum_Industrial Petroleum_Road_transport GWh 2009 2019

8 • Total domestic electricity, 2019 Where do we use it? Off-gas (mostly) Beware – unusually high number of meters Source: BEIS sub-national energy statistics 2019, LSOA (~1,000 households)

9 Where do we use it? Off-gas (mostly) Beware – unusually high number of meters Source: BEIS sub-national energy statistics 2019, LSOA • Total domestic gas, 2019

10 Where do we use it? Non-domestic gas Non-domestic electricity Warning: some use is not allocated (disclosure risk) Source: BEIS sub-national energy statistics 2019, MSOA

11 Adding it all up • Gas + electricity • Excludes: – Oil – Petrol etc Source: BEIS sub-national energy statistics 2019, MSOA

12 But who can’t afford to use it? • % households in fuel poverty Source: BEIS sub-regional fuel poverty estimates 2019, LSOA

13 But who can’t afford to use it? Portsmouth Southampton Source: BEIS sub-regional fuel poverty estimates 2019, LSOA

14 Fuel poor areas are ‘younger’ Source: BEIS sub-regional fuel poverty estimates 2019, Census 2011, LSOA

15 Fuel poor areas are ‘younger’ & urban Urban (mostly) Hart 011E (Odiham) Source: BEIS sub-regional fuel poverty estimates 2019, Census 2011, ONS Rural/Urban Classification LSOA

16 What else do we know about fuel poverty? Source: BEIS sub-regional fuel poverty estimates 2019, sub-national energy use 2019, DCLG Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019, LSOA More deprived areas have higher fuel poverty More deprived areas use less gas & electricity Higher fuel poverty areas (generally) use less energy

17 And this follows through to emissions Mostly oil ~= 26,000 km long haul (LHR <-> Perth, WA) Mostly electric Housing stock quality? Source: BEIS sub-national energy use 2019, DCLG IMD 2019, Census 2011, LSOA

18 Covered by government policy? No? No? Yes?

19 Why would we want to use less? • Obvious: – Emissions reduction – Energy security – Co-benefits Image: Ashden Toolkit For Councils • Less obvious – Avoids capital intensive generation over-build – Avoids capital intensive distribution network over-build NegaWatts are the cheapest generation Centre for Research on Energy Demand Solutions

20 But we could also generate more… • Obvious: – Local economic opportunities – Local renewable £ may be cheaper than UK ‘wholesale’ £ • Less obvious: – Mitigates distribution network constraints – Local energy storage and flexibility Smart Local Energy Systems Vigurs et al EnergyRev

21 What have we got so far? • PV = 75% of installed • 597 GWh/year* • This is… – 8% of total 2019 electricity use – 1% of total 2019 energy use * Source: Carbon Trust Source: BEIS Local Authority Renewable Electricity Capacity ? ? ? ? EnergyRev Community Energy Projects Mapping ?

22 Thinking systemically • Energy system – Distributed demand – Networks – Resources, infrastructures and uses co-evolve • Consequences: – Consider buildings as an extension of the energy system – Understand that demand is dynamic – Understand that markets do not (often) deliver equitably – Focus on the value of measured energy use data

23 • Hampshire Local Area Energy Plan 2025-2050 – Strategic, systemic & spatial – Reducing demand • Where & for whom? – Increasing renewables • Where & for what purpose? • Knowledge Gaps – Area-level retrofit prioritisation? – Spatial distribution and timing of demand? – Potential local energy resources? – Energy network capacities & constraints? – Local Energy Planning toolkits? Where next? Capturing the £ locally Easing the network Energy efficiency programmes & planning policies Community Energy & Energy Innovation Zone programme Transport Flexibility & local balancing Community Energy & Energy Innovation Zone programme

YOUR QUESTIONS