Scaling PHP to 40 Million Uniques

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Scaling PHP to 40 Million Uniques Northeast PHP 2013 Jonathan Klein @jonathanklein Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Scaling PHP to 40 Million Uniques Northeast PHP 2013 Jonathan Klein @jonathanklein Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Scaling PHP to 60 Million Uniques Northeast PHP 2013 Jonathan Klein @jonathanklein Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Who Am I? Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Who Am I? • Performance Engineer at Etsy Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Who Am I? • Performance Engineer at Etsy • Boston Web Perf Meetup Organizer Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Who Am I? • Performance Engineer at Etsy • Boston Web Perf Meetup Organizer • Previously at Wayfair Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Who Am I? • Performance Engineer at Etsy • Boston Web Perf Meetup Organizer • Previously at Wayfair • Led team that converted to PHP Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Slides, Links: jkle.in/nephp Tuesday, September 24, 13

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codeascraft.com Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Some Etsy Stats Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Some Etsy Stats • 1.5 billion page views/month Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Some Etsy Stats • 1.5 billion page views/month • Almost $1B in sales last year Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Some Etsy Stats • 1.5 billion page views/month • Almost $1B in sales last year • Over 1M lines of PHP Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Some Etsy Stats • 1.5 billion page views/month • Almost $1B in sales last year • Over 1M lines of PHP • 60M+ unique visitors/month Tuesday, September 24, 13

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2012 Trafﬁc Tuesday, September 24, 13

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August 2012 Trafﬁc Tuesday, September 24, 13

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August 2012 Trafﬁc 50% Higher Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Holidays: ~90M Uniques Tuesday, September 24, 13

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A few others... Tuesday, September 24, 13

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A few others... • Search (Solr) Tuesday, September 24, 13

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A few others... • Search (Solr) • Gearman Tuesday, September 24, 13

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A few others... • Search (Solr) • Gearman • Redis Tuesday, September 24, 13

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A few others... • Search (Solr) • Gearman • Redis • Postgres (legacy) Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Hardware (Supermicro) Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Hardware (Supermicro) 2x 8-core Intel E5-2960 CPUs Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Hardware (Supermicro) 2x 8-core Intel E5-2960 CPUs 24GB of RAM Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Hardware (Supermicro) 2x 8-core Intel E5-2960 CPUs 24GB of RAM 160GB SSD Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Apache Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Apache • Apache 2.2 Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Apache • Apache 2.2 • Prefork MPM Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Apache • Apache 2.2 • Prefork MPM • mod_php5 Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Apache • Apache 2.2 • Prefork MPM • mod_php5 StartServers 30 MinSpareServers 30 MaxSpareServers 60 ServerLimit 60 MaxClients 60 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 Tuesday, September 24, 13

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PHP Tuesday, September 24, 13

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PHP • PHP 5.4 Tuesday, September 24, 13

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PHP • PHP 5.4 • Zend OPCache (3GB Memory Segment) Tuesday, September 24, 13

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PHP • PHP 5.4 • Zend OPCache (3GB Memory Segment) • memory_limit: 128M Tuesday, September 24, 13

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PHP • PHP 5.4 • Zend OPCache (3GB Memory Segment) • memory_limit: 128M • max_execution_time: 30 Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Optimizing PHP http://www.slideshare.net/jnklein/northeast-php-high-performance-php Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Optimizing PHP • See last year’s talk http://www.slideshare.net/jnklein/northeast-php-high-performance-php Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Optimizing PHP • See last year’s talk • Use an Opcode Cache http://www.slideshare.net/jnklein/northeast-php-high-performance-php Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Optimizing PHP • See last year’s talk • Use an Opcode Cache • xhprof http://www.slideshare.net/jnklein/northeast-php-high-performance-php Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Optimizing PHP • See last year’s talk • Use an Opcode Cache • xhprof • StatsD/Graphite http://www.slideshare.net/jnklein/northeast-php-high-performance-php Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Optimizing PHP • See last year’s talk • Use an Opcode Cache • xhprof • StatsD/Graphite • Find hotspots http://www.slideshare.net/jnklein/northeast-php-high-performance-php Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Optimizing PHP • See last year’s talk • Use an Opcode Cache • xhprof • StatsD/Graphite • Find hotspots • Upgrade it http://www.slideshare.net/jnklein/northeast-php-high-performance-php Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Static Arrays Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Translations class language_de { static $translations = array( "" => array("content" => 'Accessoires', "file" => "TAXONOMY"), "" => array("content" => 'Keramik', "file" => "CATEGORY"), "" => array("content" => 'Dekorieren', "file" => "CATEGORY"), "" => array("content" => 'Getaggt %s', "file" => "Foo.php"), "" => array("content" => 'Badezusatz', "file" => "CATEGORY"), "" => array("content" => 'Datum:{% $date %}', "file" => "bar.tpl") ... snip ... ); } Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Atomic Deploys Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Deploying PHP http://codeascraft.com/2013/07/01/atomic-deploys-at-etsy/ Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Deploying PHP • mod_realdoc - Apache module http://codeascraft.com/2013/07/01/atomic-deploys-at-etsy/ Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Deploying PHP • mod_realdoc - Apache module • incpath - PHP Extension http://codeascraft.com/2013/07/01/atomic-deploys-at-etsy/ Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Deploying PHP • mod_realdoc - Apache module • incpath - PHP Extension • A/B symlink swap http://codeascraft.com/2013/07/01/atomic-deploys-at-etsy/ Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Deploying PHP • mod_realdoc - Apache module • incpath - PHP Extension • A/B symlink swap • Avoid recompilation to opcodes http://codeascraft.com/2013/07/01/atomic-deploys-at-etsy/ Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Upgrading PHP Tuesday, September 24, 13

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PHP 5.4 vs. 5.3 - CPU PHP 5.3 PHP 5.4 Tuesday, September 24, 13

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PHP 5.4 vs. 5.3 - Memory PHP 5.3 PHP 5.4 Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Understand Framework Overhead Tuesday, September 24, 13

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http://systemsarchitect.net/performance-benchmark-of-popular-php-frameworks/ Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Frameworks are Harder to Scale Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Memcached Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Memcached • Roughly same hardware as webs Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Memcached • Roughly same hardware as webs • More memory (48GB) Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Memcached • Roughly same hardware as webs • More memory (48GB) • Shard keys across servers Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Memcached • Roughly same hardware as webs • More memory (48GB) • Shard keys across servers • mctop - https://github.com/etsy/mctop Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Tuesday, September 24, 13

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MySQL Tuesday, September 24, 13

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MySQL • MySQL 5.5 (http://jkle.in/nephp) Tuesday, September 24, 13

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MySQL • MySQL 5.5 (http://jkle.in/nephp) • ~20 master/master pairs Tuesday, September 24, 13

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MySQL • MySQL 5.5 (http://jkle.in/nephp) • ~20 master/master pairs • innodb Tuesday, September 24, 13

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MySQL • MySQL 5.5 (http://jkle.in/nephp) • ~20 master/master pairs • innodb • thread_cache=800 Tuesday, September 24, 13

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MySQL • MySQL 5.5 (http://jkle.in/nephp) • ~20 master/master pairs • innodb • thread_cache=800 • max_connections=2500 Tuesday, September 24, 13

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MySQL • MySQL 5.5 (http://jkle.in/nephp) • ~20 master/master pairs • innodb • thread_cache=800 • max_connections=2500 • [Almost] no joins Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Theoretically we can serve ~9000 req/sec Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Static Content Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Tuesday, September 24, 13

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~500 Million Images Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Offloading Requests Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Offloading Requests • Multiple CDNs Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Offloading Requests • Multiple CDNs • Img hit rate > 90% Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Offloading Requests • Multiple CDNs • Img hit rate > 90% • CSS/JS hit rate ~100% Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Offloading Requests • Multiple CDNs • Img hit rate > 90% • CSS/JS hit rate ~100% • Edge serves ~7000 reqs/sec Tuesday, September 24, 13

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What about misses? Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Change Management Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Feature Flags Tuesday, September 24, 13

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// Owner: Username $server_config['foo']['bar'] = array( 'users' => array('jsmith', 'jdoe'), ); // Owner: Username $server_config['baz'] = [ 'enabled' => [ 'variant1' => 0, 'variant2' => 0, 'variant3' => 50 ], ]; // Owner: Username $server_config['qux'] = array( 'enabled' => 100, 'data' => array( 'somedata' ) ); Tuesday, September 24, 13

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if (Feature::isEnabled('foo.bar')) { // Code } Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Ramp-up: 1%, 5%, 25%, 100% Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Deployinator Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Schemanator Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Recent Improvements Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Sandy Bridge Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Baseline Performance (median) Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Small code change Baseline Performance (median) Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Small code change PHP 5.4 Baseline Performance (median) Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Small code change PHP 5.4 Disabled Hyperthreading Baseline Performance (median) Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Challenges Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Options Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Options • Scale Horizontally (more shards) Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Options • Scale Horizontally (more shards) • Scale Vertically (SSD, bigger drives) Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Options • Scale Horizontally (more shards) • Scale Vertically (SSD, bigger drives) • Change architecture Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Architecture Changes Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Architecture Changes • Ongoing conversation Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Architecture Changes • Ongoing conversation • Separate logical/physical shards Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Architecture Changes • Ongoing conversation • Separate logical/physical shards • Complex Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Architecture Changes • Ongoing conversation • Separate logical/physical shards • Complex • Server failure Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Architecture Changes • Ongoing conversation • Separate logical/physical shards • Complex • Server failure • Migrating data Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Architecture Changes • Ongoing conversation • Separate logical/physical shards • Complex • Server failure • Migrating data • Consistency Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Monitoring Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Graphite Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Stacked Search Timers Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Ganglia Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Nagios Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Takeaways Tuesday, September 24, 13

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K.I.S.S. Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Use Proven Technologies Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Understand Your Stack Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Measure Everything Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Work at Etsy ;-) Tuesday, September 24, 13

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Connect http://www.meetup.com/Web-Performance-Boston/ www.etsy.com/careers jonathan@etsy.com @jonathanklein Tuesday, September 24, 13