What’s known about tutoring

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87 x 43 ---- (dramatic reenactment)

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87 x 43 ---- 32 (dramatic reenactment)

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87 x 43 ---- 32 Your answer is wrong. (dramatic reenactment)

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87 x 43 ---- 32 Your answer is wrong. Possible causes of error: (dramatic reenactment)

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87 x 43 ---- 32 Your answer is wrong. Possible causes of error: 1. You multiplied the number in the multiplicand by the number directly beneath it in the multiplier, and you wrote down the carried number, ignoring the units number. (dramatic reenactment)

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What’s known about tutoring Jason Orendorff @jorendorff Nashville Code Co-op Talk Day, 30 March 2013

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Mark Lepper Stanford University Maria Woolverton Georgetown University Medical Center

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expert tutors are out there

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expert tutors are out there …and they have a plan

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Math knowledge

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Questions, not directions

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Hints, not answers

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Productive vs. non-productive errors

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Knowledge

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Knowledge Questions

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Knowledge Questions Hints, not answers

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Knowledge Questions Hints, not answers Productive errors

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Knowledge Questions Hints, not answers Productive errors

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Knowledge Questions Hints, not answers Productive errors the Socratic method

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Knowledge Questions Hints, not answers Productive errors the Socratic method Computers can’t do this yet :(

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Rapport

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Rapport Warmth

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Rapport Warmth Conﬁdence

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Rapport Warmth Conﬁdence Challenge

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Rapport Warmth Conﬁdence Challenge Indirect feedback

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Motivation

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Knowledge Questions Hints, not answers Productive errors

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