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@rakyll eBPF in Microservices Observability Jaana Dogan Principal Engineer, AWS jbd@amazon.com

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@rakyll About me ● Not a Linux developer. ● Working on monitoring, observability and performance. ● Multi-tenancy and microservices focus.

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@rakyll

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@rakyll How does eBPF work? process JIT compiler Verifier Sockets TCP/IP BPF Maps code (accessible from the user space)

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@rakyll Where can eBPF hook into? - Kernel and user functions - System calls - Network events - Kernel tracepoints

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@rakyll Challenges in microservices

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@rakyll Challenges in microservices We don’t just monitor VMs or processes. We monitor critical paths.

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@rakyll What’s next? service service database storage service

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@rakyll What’s next? service service database storage service

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@rakyll Challenges in microservices Context matters. Downstream stack don’t have context.

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@rakyll What’s next? process Linux kernel process process M:N Problem

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@rakyll What’s next? process Linux kernel process process RPCs M:N Problem

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@rakyll What’s next? process Linux kernel process process RPCs container container M:N Problem

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@rakyll What’s next? process Linux kernel process process RPCs container container Kubernetes pod, ECS task M:N Problem

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@rakyll Challenges in microservices We initially debug RPCs. We debug functions or syscalls secondarily.

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@rakyll Challenges in microservices Too much data. Need runtime controls to modify the collection.

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@rakyll Challenges in microservices Instrumentation is a two-year roadmap. Data is not consistent.

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@rakyll Networking observability is core. Out of the box instrumentation is essential. Extensibility in runtime is critical. Decoration and enrichment is needed.

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@rakyll How does eBPF help?

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@rakyll Network Diagnostics TCP, UDP, HTTP, gRPC metrics Inspect protocols (MySQL, Postgres, ...)

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@rakyll Service Maps

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@rakyll Distributed Traces Automatically create request span if a trace header is present. GET /users HTTP/1.1 Host: users.service Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Connection: Keep-Alive Traceparent: 00-4bf92f3577b34da6a3ce929d0e0e4736-00f067aa0ba902b7-01

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@rakyll Fleet-wide Profiling context kernel

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@rakyll Decorating with Context eBPF agent process JIT compiler Verifier Sockets TCP/IP BPF Maps API Server

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@rakyll Runtime Extensibility eBPF agent process JIT compiler Verifier Sockets TCP/IP BPF Maps code

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@rakyll Examples - Cillium/Hubble - Pixie - Flowmill

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@rakyll What’s next? - High level language to write probes. - Make eBPF agents widely available. - More platforms supporting eBPF. - Reusable eBPF event processing.

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@rakyll Thank you Jaana Dogan jbd@amazon.com