次世代PaaSとServerless 未来はどこにある？

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࣍ੈ୅PaaSͱ Serverless  ະདྷ͸Ͳ͜ʹ͋Δʁ

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Kazuto Kusama @jacopen

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͜ͷൃද͸ݸਓͷݟղͰ͋Γɺ ॴଐ͢Δ૊৫ͷެࣜݟղͰ͸͋Γ·ͤΜ ஫ҙ

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࠷ۙPaaSͬͯͲ͏Ͱ͔͢ʁ ੝Γ্͕ͬͯΔʁ

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ࣄ࣮: “PaaS”ͱ͍͏͚ͩͰ͓ۚΛग़ͯ͠  ໯͑Δ࣌୅͸ͱͬ͘ʹऴΘͬͨ 㱺όζϫʔυͱͯ͠͸Φϫίϯ

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ϋΠϓɾαΠΫϧ https://www.gartner.co.jp/research/methodologies/research_hype.php

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ϋΠϓɾαΠΫϧ https://www.gartner.co.jp/research/methodologies/research_hype.php ͓͔Ͷͨͬ΀Γ ϘʔφελΠϜ PaaS͸ଟ෼͜ͷ΁Μ

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ʮPaaSͰṶ͔͍ͬͯΔձࣾʯ  ͱݴΘΕͯࢥ͍ු͔΂Δձ͕ࣾগͳ͍ ͳͥʁ 㱺Ϗδωεͱͯ͠ͷকདྷੑ͕ෆ͔֬

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͔֬Β͍͠ະདྷ

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͜Ε͔ΒPaaSͱ͍͏ݴ༿͸ ࢖ΘΕͳ͘ͳ͍ͬͯ͘ ͔֬Β͍͠ະདྷ

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“Cloud Native Platform”

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“Container Platform”

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“Container as a Service”

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Կނʮ୤PaaS͔ʯ • PaaSͱ͍͏ݴ༿ͷ෼͔ΓͮΒ͞ • ΑΓαʔϏεͷੑ֨Λද͢ݴ༿ʹ • PaaSͰେ੒ޭͨ͠ྫ͕͋·Γͳ͍ͷͰɺϏδωεతʹ  ྑ͍ҹ৅͕ͳ͍

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ͦ΋ͦ΋Կނ੒ޭ͠ͳ͔ͬͨͷ͔Ծઆ • ϩοΫΠϯ • ϕϯμʔ͸ʮϩοΫΠϯͯ͠ͳ͍ʯͱ͍͏ɻ  ʮΦʔϓϯͳٕज़͕ͦͷ··࢖͑ΔΑʂʯɹŋŋŋͦ͏͍͏໰୊͡Όͳ͍  • ҙࣝվֵͷ೉͠͞ • ϓϩηε͸εςʔτϑϧʹʂ ઃఆ͸؀ڥม਺ʹʂϩά͸ඪ४ग़ྗʹʂ   ͜ΕͰΫϥ΢υωΠςΟϒΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͩʂɹŋŋŋ͑ʔΊΜͲ͍͘͞ • യવͱͨ͠ෆ҆

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͜Ε͔ΒͷPaaS͸ Ͳ͏ͳΔͷ͔

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ୈ1ੈ୅ͷPaaS • 2007೥ʙ2010͝Ζ·Ͱ • ϓϩϓϥΠΤλϦ • ܾΊଧͪͷݴޠɾϑϨʔϜϫʔΫɾDB

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ୈ2ੈ୅ͷPaaS • 2011೥ʙ • ϓϩϓϥΠΤλϦ / Φʔϓϯ • ༷ʑͳݴޠɾϑϨʔϜϫʔΫɾDB • Ծ૝Խٕज़Λϑϧ׆༻

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ୈ3ੈ୅ͷPaaS • 2014೥ʙ • ίϯςφωΠςΟϒ • Ͳͷ؀ڥͰ΋ɺಉ͡΋ͷ͕࢖͑Δ • ΑΓૣ͘ɺΑΓॊೈʹɺΑΓΦʔϓϯʹ

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ୈ4ੈ୅ͷPaaS

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• ߏ੒͍ͨ͠ΠϯϑϥΛίʔυͰදݱɻIaaSͱಉ౳ͷॊೈੑΛɺ ΑΓߴ଎ʹɺΑΓ؆୯ʹɺΑΓޮ཰Α࣮͘ݱग़དྷΔɻ • ͜Ε·ͰͷPaaS  ʮΠϯϑϥ͸ҙࣝ͠ͳ͍͍ͯ͘ɻ  ɹͱʹ͔͘Ξοϓϩʔυͯ͘͠Εɺ͋ͱ͸Կͱ͔͢Δʯ  㱺HerokuͳͲͰ࣮ݱͨ͠ੈքɻ͘͢͝؆୯ʹ࢖͑Δɻ Infrastructure as CodeΛ ࣮ݱ͢Δ ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ

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• ͲͷΞϓϦΛԿݸ্ཱͪ͛ͯɺ  Ͳ͏͍͏NWߏ੒ʹͯ͠  ʓʓΛϚ΢ϯτͯ͠  XXXͱ͍͏ίϯϑΟάΛೖΕͯŋŋŋ    ͱ͍ͬͨߏ੒৘ใΛίʔυͰ؅ཧ  σϓϩΠ͢Δͱج൫ଆ͕͏·͍͜ͱ  ࣮ݱͯ͘͠ΕΔɻ  ίϯςφٕज़΍SDNͳͲͷ߹Θٕͤ

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Infrastructure as CodeΛ ࣮ݱ͢Δ ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ • Google͕BorgͰ࣮ূࡁ • BorgΛࢀߟʹ࡞ΒΕ͍ͯΔKubernetesɺ  KubernetesϕʔεͷOpenShift͸ɺঃʑʹ͜ͷੈքΛ  ࣮ݱ͍ͯ͠Δ • Docker΋ɺόʔδϣϯΛ௥͏͝ͱʹ࣮૷ͭͭ͋͠Δ

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• ෳࡶʹͳͬͯ͋ΔҙຯୀԽͯ͠ͳ͍ʁ • ෳࡶͳ͜ͱ͕ग़དྷΔϓϥοτϑΥʔϜΛϥοϓͯ͠  ؆୯ʹ࢖͏ͷ͸Մೳ • ؆୯ͳ͜ͱ͔͠ग़དྷͳ͍ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜͰෳࡶͳ͜ͱΛ ͢Δͷ͸ࠔ೉ Infrastructure as CodeΛ ࣮ݱ͢Δ ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ

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• Herokuͷ12 Factor app͸ྑ͘ग़དྷͨߟ͑ • ग़དྷΔݶΓStatelessʹ࡞Δ͜ͱͰɺεέʔϥϒϧͰϝϯς  ͠΍͍͢ɺΫϥ΢υωΠςΟϒͳΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕࡞ΕΔ • ͡Ό͋DB΍MQͳͲͷStatelessʹग़དྷͳ͍΋ͷ͸ʁ  㱺 ʮΞλον͞ΕͨϦιʔεͱͯ͠ѻ͏ʯ  㱺ӡ༻͸୭͕΍ͬͯ΋ྑ͍Μ͚ͩͲɺϦιʔεͱͯ͠෼཭ͯ͠  ߟ͑Ε͹͍ΖΜͳέʔεʹରԠͰ͖ΔΑ Stateful applicationͷαϙʔτ

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Container 2.0 • Mesosphere͕ݴ͍࢝Ίͨ • Stateful application޲͚ͷ  εέδϡʔϥΛDC/OSͰ  αϙʔτɻ྆ํΛಉ͡ج൫্Ͱ  ࣮ݱͰ͖Δ

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Stateful Sets (Pet Sets) • KubernetesͰ࣮૷͕ਐΜͰ͍Δ • k8s্ͰɺैདྷͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ  αϙʔτ͢Δ࢓૊Έ • ӬଓԽϘϦϡʔϜ  ݻఆ͞ΕͨHostname  ໊લղܾ

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Stateful Sets (Pet Sets) • εέʔϥϒϧͳΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ࡞Δ৔߹ɺϦιʔεΛϖοτ  Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɺՈச(Cattle)ͷΑ͏ʹѻ͏ͷ͕͍͍ɻ • ͜Ε·ͰͷΫϥ΢υ͸ɺ͜ͷCattleΛڧ੍͖ͯͨ͠અ͕͋Δ • Ͱ΋શͯͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕௒ઈεέʔϧ͢Δඞཁ͋ΔΜ͚ͩͬʁ

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Serverless ͓ۚग़ͯ͠໯͑Δ ྲྀߦΓͷϫʔυ

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PaaS • ServerؚΊͨɺApplicationͷӡ༻Λݞ୅ΘΓ͢Δ Serverless • ServerΛͦ΋ͦ΋ҙࣝ͠ͳ͍

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Serverless͕ͦ͜ະདྷʂ

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ຊ౰ʹͦ͏ͳͷ͔ʁ

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ઌʹݴ༿ͷ੔ཧ FaaS (Functions as a Service) γϯϓϧͳίʔυΛFaaSʹॻ͍͓ͯ͘ͱɺࢦఆͨ͠ΠϕϯτʹԠͯ͡ ίʔυ͕࣮ߦ͞ΕΔαʔϏεɻ AWS Lambda΍Azure Functionsɺ OpenWhiskͳͲ BaaS (Backend as a Service)ɺFunctional SaaS ೝূ΍ϓογϡ഑৴ͳͲɺϞόΠϧΞϓϦ΍SPAͰඞཁͳػೳΛαʔ Ϗεͱͯ͠ఏڙ͢ΔɻFirebase΍ɺαʔϏεऴྃͨ͠ParseͳͲ

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API Gateway ObjectStorage etc… Functions Πϕϯτ Πϕϯτ Πϕϯτ ࣮ߦ output etc… ΠϕϯτυϦϒϯ Πϕϯτड͚෇͚ͨͱ͖ͷ ॲཧ಺༰Λॻ͍͓ͯ͘ FaaSͷಈ͖

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API Gateway ObjectStorage etc… Application output etc… ಉ͜͡ͱΛPaaSͰ΍Ζ͏ͱ͢Δͱɾɾɾ HTTPͳΓԿͳΓͰ  ΠϕϯτΛड͚෇͚Δ ޱΛͭ͘Δ αʔόʔϓϩηε(Πϯελϯε) Λ্ཱͪ͛ͯ଴ػͤ͞Δ Πϕϯτड͚෇͚ͨͱ͖ͷ ॲཧ಺༰Λॻ͍͓ͯ͘

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API Gateway ObjectStorage etc… Application output etc… ͜͏͍͏ͱ͖Ͳ͏͢Δʁ શવΠϕϯτ͕དྷͳ͍ͱ͖΋Πϯελϯε͸ ͣͬͱ্ཱ͓͔ͪ͛ͯͳ͚Ε͹͍͚ͳ͍

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API Gateway ObjectStorage etc… Application output etc… ͜͏͍͏ͱ͖Ͳ͏͢Δʁ ಥવΠϕϯτ͕ٸ૿ͨ͠ͱ͖ʹ ΠϯελϯεΛεέʔϧͤ͞Δૢ࡞͕ඞཁ ɾ ɾ ɾ

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PaaSʹग़དྷͳͯ͘FaaSʹग़དྷΔ͜ͱ • PaaSͰ͸ɺΠϕϯτ͕ى͖ͳ͍࣌Ͱ΋ৗʹϓϩηε্͕͕Δɻ· ͨɺಥવΠϕϯτ͕ٸ૿ͨ͠ͱ͖͸ɺϓϩηεΛ૿΍͢ͱ͍͏ૢ ࡞ΛࣗಈͳΓखಈͳΓͰߦΘͳͯ͘͸͍͚ͳ͍ɻ  (ͦΕͰ΋ɺIaaS΍ΦϯϓϨϛεΑΓ͸͍ͩͿָ) • FaaS͸ࡉ͔ͳॲཧ୯ҐͰFunction͕࡞ΒΕɺΠϕϯτͷ౓ʹϓϩ ηε্͕͕Γɺॲཧ͕ऴΘΔͱϓϩηε΋ফ͑Δɻ  Πϕϯτ͕ى͖ͳ͍ͱϦιʔε͸ফඅ͠ͳ͍ɻେྔͷΠϕϯτൃੜ ࣌΋ͦΕʹԠͯ͡ϓϩηε্͕͕Γɺফ͍͑ͯ͘

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FaaS vs PaaS • FaaS͸PaaSʹ࢒͍ͬͯͨʮӡ༻ʯ͕ແ͘ͳ͍ͬͯΔ • ΑΓεέʔϥϒϧɺ͔ͭޮ཰ͷྑ͍࢓૊ΈΛ࡞ΕΔ • ػೳ୯ҐͰ෼͚͟ΔΛಘͳ͍  㱺 εςʔτΛ࣋ͨͤΔ͜ͱ͕೉͍͠  㱺 ݁Ռͱͯ͠εέʔϥϒϧʹͳΔ

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FaaS is better than PaaS? • ͦΜͳ͜ͱ͸ͳ͍ • PaaSͷΑ͏ͳෳࡶͳॲཧΛ1FunctionͰߦΘͤΔ͜ͱ͸ग़དྷͳ͍ • WebαʔόʔͷΑ͏ͳίϯςϯπΛ഑৴͢ΔΑ͏ͳ  ࢓૊ΈͰ΋ͳ͍ • PaaSͰಈ͔͢ΞϓϦ͸ɺϩʔΧϧͰ΋IaaSͰ΋ΦϯϓϨͰ΋  ಈ͘Α͏ʹ࡞ΕΔɻFaaS͸FaaS༻ͷ଄Γʹͤ͟ΔΛಘͳ͍

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PaaS ͱ FaaS Λਖ਼͘͠࢖͍෼͚Δߟ͑ํ Hub Glue

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PaaS = Hub Application database monitoring message queue mail logging CI/CD

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App database monitoring message queue mail logging CI/CD ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕த৺(Hub)ͱͳΔɻ ΍Γ͍ͨ͜ͱ͸ΞϓϦʹॻ͘ PaaS͸ӡ༻ͷݞ୅ΘΓͱ ศརͳػೳΛఏڙ͢Δ

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FaaS = Glue database mail CI/CD Object Storage API Gateway Function messaging Function Function

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{} {} {} FaaS͸ɺ֤Ϋϥ΢υαʔϏεΛܨ͛ΔͨΊͷކ (Glue) ΍Γ͍ͨ͜ͱ͸ɺ֤αʔϏεΛܨ࣮͛ͯݱ͢Δ ֤FunctionͰ͸ෳࡶͳ͜ͱ͸ͤͣ͞ɺ γϯϓϧͳॲཧʹཹΊΔ

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ʮ΋͋͠ͳͨͷPaaS͕ɺ0.5ඵ͚ͩಈ͘ΠϯελϯεΛ ɹɹ20msͰىಈͰ͖ΔͳΒɺͦΕ͸αʔόʔϨεͱݺͿʯ

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• ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ։ൃͱӡ༻Λศརʹ͢Δ΋ͷ͕PaaS • ͜Ε·Ͱͷߟ͑ํΛɺΫϥ΢υͰΑΓศརʹ • ͞·͟·ͳΫϥ΢υαʔϏεΛ׆༻͠ɺͪΐͬͱͨ͠ίʔυͰ  ͋Ε͜Ε࣮ݱ͢Δͷ͕FaaS • Ϋϥ΢υ͋Γ͖ͷαʔϏεʢΨνͰϩοΫΠϯ͞ΕΔؾ͕ແ͍ͱ࢖͑ͳ͍ΑͶŋŋŋ • ͜Ε͚ͩΫϥ΢υαʔϏε͕ॆ࣮͍ͯ͠ΔΜ͔ͩΒ׆༻͠Α͏ʂ ͦ΋ͦ΋ͷߟ͑ํ͕ҧ͏ͷͰɺ৔߹ʹԠͯ͡࢖͍෼͚Α͏