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BeginneR Session #85 Tokyo.R 2020.05.23 online @kilometer00 - Data visualization -

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Who！？ 誰だ？

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Who！？ 名前： 三村 @kilometer 職業： ポスドク (こうがくはくし) 専⾨： ⾏動神経科学(霊⻑類) 脳イメージング 医療システム⼯学 R歴： ~ 10年ぐらい 流⾏: Craft beer

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BeginneR Session - Data visualization -

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Wide Long Nested input output pivot_longer pivot_wider group_nest unnest ggplot visualization map output ggsave

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Wide Long Nested input output pivot_longer pivot_wider group_nest unnest ggplot visualization map output ggsave

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٬ظ٭ذ؅⺎釱⴫׌׾כַֹ◄ ٬HHQMPUס㓹灄

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ظ٭ذ 䗯㕔 㲔㏇ 鈝峮ס僗扛מ׻׼׍ 㰆㏇׊יַ׾׵סאס׵ס 㲔㏇؅瑞⺘⴫׊ג辐霄 瑞⺘⴫ 鈝㴔 鈝峮 湳釶

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ظ٭ذ 䗯㕔 㲔㏇ 鈝峮ס僗扛מ׻׼׍ 㰆㏇׊יַ׾׵סאס׵ס 㲔㏇؅瑞⺘⴫׊ג辐霄 䗯㕔סֹה䙫䓙⚥鷼٬ 鉮ꃿ٬⭚杼מ鸵׊ג ⫋⮵榫⺎耆ם׵ס 瑞⺘⴫ 鈝㴔 鈝峮 湳釶

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&ODPEF "QQMF 3FBM "QQMF *OGPSNBUJPO %FDPEF

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%JWFSHFODF 3FBM *OGP %BUB "QQMF &ODPEJOH

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-PTT͛ Symbol grounding problem %JWFSHFODF 3FBM *OGP %BUB "QQMF &ODPEJOH

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"QQMF &ODPEF 'SVJU 3FE JNBHF 3FBM *OGPSNBUJPO

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"QQMF &ODPEF 'SVJU 3FE JNBHF 3FBM *OGPSNBUJPO DIBOOFM

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䗯㕔 㲔㏇ ♞鐄 ظ٭ذ زٔؾٜכ瑞⺘ס鹟䥃 瑞⺘⴫

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䗯㕔 㲔㏇ ♞鐄 ظ٭ذ ظ٭ذ ظ٭ذ 鉮ꃿ ⫝⥼ ⫝⥼

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䗯㕔 㲔㏇ ♞鐄 ظ٭ذ ظ٭ذ ظ٭ذ 鉮ꃿ ⫝⥼

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䗯㕔 㲔㏇ ♞鐄 ظ٭ذ ظ٭ذ 鉮ꃿ 鐐갭 䙫䓙婊㲊

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⫝⥼ (mapping) !: # → % # % ֵ׾䗯㕔ס꥗⺬ס釐碛؅յ⮯ס䗯㕔ס꥗⺬ס גדחס釐碛מ㵚䑴טׄ׾وٞجت

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⫝⥼ (mapping) ! " #: % → ' % ' # ! = " ꞊丗 ⊂ ⫝⥼

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! " #$ %$ #& %& ! " %$ %& #$ #& ⺎釱⴫ ⊂ ⫝⥼ mapping

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! " #$ %$ #& %& ! " %$ %& #$ #& ⺎釱⴫ ⊂ ⫝⥼ mapping x axis, y axis, color, fill, shape, linetype, alpha… aesthetic channels

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"QQMF &ODPEF 'SVJU 3FE JNBHF 3FBM *OGPSNBUJPO DIBOOFM

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Data visualization with ggplot2 ! " #$ %$ #& %& ! " %$ %& #$ #& mapping x axis, y axis, color, fill, shape, linetype, alpha… aesthetic channels data

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Data visualization with ggplot2 # install.packages("tidyverse") library(tidyverse) dat <- data.frame(a = 1:3, b = 8:10) Attach package Simple example > dat a b 1 1 8 2 2 9 3 3 10

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(a = 1:3, b = 8:10) ggplot(data = dat)+ geom_point(mapping = aes(x = a, y = b))

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(a = 1:3, b = 8:10) ggplot(data = dat)+ geom_point(mapping = aes(x = a, y = b)) ! " #$ %$ #& %& ! " %$ %& #$ #& mapping x axis, y axis, color, fill, shape, linetype, alpha… aesthetic channels data

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(a = 1:3, b = 8:10) ggplot(data = dat)+ geom_point(mapping = aes(x = a, y = b)) ! " #$ %$ #& %& ! " %$ %& #$ #& mapping x axis, y axis, color, fill, shape, linetype, alpha… aesthetic channels data

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(a = 1:3, b = 8:10) ggplot(data = dat)+ geom_point(mapping = aes(x = a, y = b))+ geom_path(mapping = aes(x = a, y = b))

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(a = 1:3, b = 8:10) ggplot(data = dat, mapping = aes(x = a, y = b))+ geom_point()+ geom_path()

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(a = 1:3, b = 8:10) ggplot(data = dat, mapping = aes(x = a, y = b))+ geom_point()+ geom_path()

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(a = 1:3, b = 8:10) ggplot(data = dat)+ aes(x = a, y = b)+ geom_point()+ geom_path()

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(a = 1:3, b = 8:10) g <- ggplot(data = dat)+ aes(x = a, y = b) g+ geom_point()+ geom_path()

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(a = 1:3, b = 8:10) g <- ggplot(data = dat)+ aes(x = a, y = b)+ geom_point() g+ geom_path()

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(x = 1:3, y1 = 8:10, y2 = 6:8) Simple example #2 > dat x y1 y2 1 1 8 6 2 2 9 7 3 3 10 8

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(x = 1:3, y1 = 8:10, y2 = 6:8) Simple example #2 > dat x y1 y2 1 1 8 6 2 2 9 7 3 3 10 8 mapping

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(x = 1:3, y1 = 8:10, y2 = 6:8) Simple example #2 > dat x y1 y2 1 1 8 6 2 2 9 7 3 3 10 8 mapping y x aes(x = x, y = ???)

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(x = 1:3, y1 = 8:10, y2 = 6:8) Simple example #2 > dat x y1 y2 1 1 8 6 2 2 9 7 3 3 10 8 aes(x = x, y = y) x key y 1 1 y1 8 2 1 y2 6 3 2 y1 9 4 2 y2 7 5 3 y1 10 6 3 y2 8

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(x = 1:3, y1 = 8:10, y2 = 6:8) Simple example #2 > dat x y1 y2 1 1 8 6 2 2 9 7 3 3 10 8 > dat_long x key y 1 1 y1 8 2 1 y2 6 3 2 y1 9 4 2 y2 7 5 3 y1 10 6 3 y2 8 Wide Long Long format Wide format

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(x = 1:3, y1 = 8:10, y2 = 6:8) Simple example #2 dat_long <- pivot_longer(data = dat, cols = starts_with("y"), names_to = "key", values_to = "y") > dat_long x key y 1 1 y1 8 2 1 y2 6 3 2 y1 9 4 2 y2 7 5 3 y1 10 6 3 y2 8

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(x = 1:3, y1 = 8:10, y2 = 6:8) Simple example #2 dat_long <- pivot_longer(data = dat, cols = starts_with("y"), names_to = "key", values_to = "y") > dat_long x key y 1 1 y1 8 2 1 y2 6 3 2 y1 9 4 2 y2 7 5 3 y1 10 6 3 y2 8 ggplot(data = dat_long)+ aes(x = x, y = y, color = key)+ geom_point()+ geom_path()

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(x = 1:3, y1 = 8:10, y2 = 6:8) Simple example #2 dat_long <- pivot_longer(data = dat, cols = starts_with("y"), names_to = "key", values_to = "y") > dat_long x key y 1 1 y1 8 2 1 y2 6 3 2 y1 9 4 2 y2 7 5 3 y1 10 6 3 y2 8 ggplot(data = dat_long)+ aes(x = x, y = y, color = key)+ geom_point()+ geom_path()

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Data visualization with ggplot2 > anscombe x1 x2 x3 x4 y1 y2 y3 y4 1 10 10 10 8 8.04 9.14 7.46 6.58 2 8 8 8 8 6.95 8.14 6.77 5.76 3 13 13 13 8 7.58 8.74 12.74 7.71 4 9 9 9 8 8.81 8.77 7.11 8.84 5 11 11 11 8 8.33 9.26 7.81 8.47 6 14 14 14 8 9.96 8.10 8.84 7.04 7 6 6 6 8 7.24 6.13 6.08 5.25 8 4 4 4 19 4.26 3.10 5.39 12.50 9 12 12 12 8 10.84 9.13 8.15 5.56 10 7 7 7 8 4.82 7.26 6.42 7.91 11 5 5 5 8 5.68 4.74 5.73 6.89

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Data visualization with ggplot2 > anscombe x1 x2 x3 x4 y1 y2 y3 y4 1 10 10 10 8 8.04 9.14 7.46 6.58 2 8 8 8 8 6.95 8.14 6.77 5.76 3 13 13 13 8 7.58 8.74 12.74 7.71 4 9 9 9 8 8.81 8.77 7.11 8.84 5 11 11 11 8 8.33 9.26 7.81 8.47 6 14 14 14 8 9.96 8.10 8.84 7.04 7 6 6 6 8 7.24 6.13 6.08 5.25 8 4 4 4 19 4.26 3.10 5.39 12.50 9 12 12 12 8 10.84 9.13 8.15 5.56 10 7 7 7 8 4.82 7.26 6.42 7.91 11 5 5 5 8 5.68 4.74 5.73 6.89

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Data visualization with ggplot2 > anscombe x1 x2 x3 x4 y1 y2 y3 y4 1 10 10 10 8 8.04 9.14 7.46 6.58 2 8 8 8 8 6.95 8.14 6.77 5.76 3 13 13 13 8 7.58 8.74 12.74 7.71 4 9 9 9 8 8.81 8.77 7.11 8.84 5 11 11 11 8 8.33 9.26 7.81 8.47 6 14 14 14 8 9.96 8.10 8.84 7.04 7 6 6 6 8 7.24 6.13 6.08 5.25 8 4 4 4 19 4.26 3.10 5.39 12.50 9 12 12 12 8 10.84 9.13 8.15 5.56 10 7 7 7 8 4.82 7.26 6.42 7.91 11 5 5 5 8 5.68 4.74 5.73 6.89 a > anscombe_long # A tibble: 44 x 3 key x y 1 1 10 8.04 2 2 10 9.14 3 3 10 7.46 4 4 8 6.58 5 1 8 6.95 6 2 8 8.14 7 3 8 6.77 8 4 8 5.76

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Data visualization with ggplot2 > anscombe x1 x2 x3 x4 y1 y2 y3 y4 1 10 10 10 8 8.04 9.14 7.46 6.58 2 8 8 8 8 6.95 8.14 6.77 5.76 3 13 13 13 8 7.58 8.74 12.74 7.71 anscombe_long <- pivot_longer(data = anscombe, cols = everything(), names_pattern = "(.)(.)", names_to = c(".value", "key"))

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> anscombe x1 x2 x3 x4 y1 y2 y3 y4 1 10 10 10 8 8.04 9.14 7.46 6.58 2 8 8 8 8 6.95 8.14 6.77 5.76 3 13 13 13 8 7.58 8.74 12.74 7.71 Data visualization with ggplot2 anscombe_long <- pivot_longer(data = anscombe, cols = everything(), names_pattern = "(.)(.)", names_to = c(".value", "key"))

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Data visualization with ggplot2 anscombe_long <- pivot_longer(data = anscombe, cols = everything(), names_pattern = "(.)(.)", names_to = c(".value", "key")) > anscombe_long # A tibble: 44 x 3 key x y 1 1 10 8.04 2 2 10 9.14 3 3 10 7.46 4 4 8 6.58 5 1 8 6.95 6 2 8 8.14 7 3 8 6.77 8 4 8 5.76

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Data visualization with ggplot2 anscombe_long <- pivot_longer(data = anscombe, cols = everything(), names_pattern = "(.)(.)", names_to = c(".value", "key")) > anscombe_long # A tibble: 44 x 3 key x y 1 1 10 8.04 2 2 10 9.14 3 3 10 7.46 4 4 8 6.58 5 1 8 6.95 6 2 8 8.14 7 3 8 6.77 8 4 8 5.76 g_anscomb <- ggplot(data = anscombe_long)+ aes(x = x, y = y, color = key)+ geom_point()

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Data visualization with ggplot2 anscombe_long <- pivot_longer(data = anscombe, cols = everything(), names_pattern = "(.)(.)", names_to = c(".value", "key")) g_anscomb <- ggplot(data = anscombe_long)+ aes(x = x, y = y, color = key)+ geom_point() > anscombe_long # A tibble: 44 x 3 key x y 1 1 10 8.04 2 2 10 9.14 3 3 10 7.46 4 4 8 6.58 5 1 8 6.95 6 2 8 8.14 7 3 8 6.77 8 4 8 5.76

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g_anscomb+ facet_wrap(~key) Data visualization with ggplot2 g_anscomb

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g_anscomb+ facet_wrap(~key)+ theme(legend.position = "none") Data visualization with ggplot2

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Summary…

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䗯㕔 㲔㏇ ♞鐄 ظ٭ذ ظ٭ذ 鉮ꃿ 鐐갭 䙫䓙婊㲊

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ظ٭ذ 䗯㕔 㲔㏇ 鈝峮ס僗扛מ׻׼׍ 㰆㏇׊יַ׾׵סאס׵ס 㲔㏇؅瑞⺘⴫׊ג辐霄 䗯㕔סֹה䙫䓙⚥鷼٬ 鉮ꃿ٬⭚杼מ鸵׊ג ⫋⮵榫⺎耆ם׵ס 瑞⺘⴫ 鈝㴔 鈝峮 湳釶

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"QQMF &ODPEF 'SVJU 3FE JNBHF 3FBM *OGPSNBUJPO DIBOOFM

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-PTT͛ Symbol grounding problem %JWFSHFODF 3FBM *OGP %BUB "QQMF &ODPEJOH

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⫝⥼ (mapping) !: # → % # % ֵ׾䗯㕔ס꥗⺬ס釐碛؅յ⮯ס䗯㕔ס꥗⺬ס גדחס釐碛מ㵚䑴טׄ׾وٞجت

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! " #$ %$ #& %& ! " %$ %& #$ #& ⺎釱⴫ ⊂ ⫝⥼ mapping x axis, y axis, color, fill, shape, linetype, alpha… aesthetic channels

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(a = 1:3, b = 8:10) ggplot(data = dat)+ geom_point(mapping = aes(x = a, y = b)) ! " #$ %$ #& %& ! " %$ %& #$ #& mapping x axis, y axis, color, fill, shape, linetype, alpha… aesthetic channels data

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(a = 1:3, b = 8:10) ggplot(data = dat)+ aes(x = a, y = b)+ geom_point()+ geom_path()

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(x = 1:3, y1 = 8:10, y2 = 6:8) Simple example #2 > dat x y1 y2 1 1 8 6 2 2 9 7 3 3 10 8 > dat_long x key y 1 1 y1 8 2 1 y2 6 3 2 y1 9 4 2 y2 7 5 3 y1 10 6 3 y2 8 Wide Long Long format Wide format

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Data visualization with ggplot2 dat <- data.frame(x = 1:3, y1 = 8:10, y2 = 6:8) Simple example #2 dat_long <- pivot_longer(data = dat, cols = starts_with("y"), names_to = "key", values_to = "y") > dat_long x key y 1 1 y1 8 2 1 y2 6 3 2 y1 9 4 2 y2 7 5 3 y1 10 6 3 y2 8 ggplot(data = dat_long)+ aes(x = x, y = y, color = key)+ geom_point()+ geom_path()

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Wide Long Nested input output pivot_longer pivot_wider group_nest unnest ggplot visualization map output ggsave

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enjoy!