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Dan Schafer @dlschafer Mysterious Closing Keynote

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The Prehistory of GraphQL Dan Schafer @dlschafer

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History of GraphQL July ’15 Aug ’12 Evolution Open Source Feb ’12 Today Prototype

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History of GraphQL July ’15 Aug ’12 Evolution Open Source Feb ’12 Today Prototype re

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Prehistory of GraphQL Aug ’12 Feb ’12 Prototype Feb ’08 Creation of 2012-era FB Server Architecture

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⚠ This isn’t the “one true way”

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✅ This was Facebook in 2012

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# But GraphQL was built for this

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$ …and it’s got some good ideas!

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Why do we care?

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“How do I implement authorization?” “How do I make my server efficient?” “How do I cache my results?”

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One Layer Deeper

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“How do I implement authorization?” “How do I make my server efficient?” “How do I cache my results?”

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“How do I implement authorization?” “How do I make my server efficient?” “How do I cache my results?” GraphQL addresses
 none of these…

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“How do I implement authorization?” “How do I make my server efficient?” “How do I cache my results?” …because these were already answered at FB in 2012…

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“How do I implement authorization?” “How do I make my server efficient?” “How do I cache my results?” …because these are concerns not specific to GraphQL!

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Prehistory of GraphQL Aug ’12 Feb ’12 Prototype Feb ’08 Creation of 2012-era FB Server Architecture

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3 key architectural developments

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Data requirements form a tree Asynchronicity is mandatory Strive for single sources of truth

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Data requirements form a tree

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I am not a designer

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SELECT `users.name` FROM `friends` WHERE `id1` = 1 LEFT JOIN `users` as `u2` WHERE `users.bestId` = `u2.id` LEFT JOIN `friends` WHERE `users.id` = `friends.id1` LEFT JOIN `users` as `u3` WHERE `friends.id2 = u3.id` LEFT JOIN `users` as `u4` WHERE `u3.bestId` = `u4.id` query.sql

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I am not a SQL engineer

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SELECT `users.name` FROM `friends` WHERE `id1` = 1 LEFT JOIN `users` as `u2` WHERE `users.bestId` = `u2.id` LEFT JOIN `friends` WHERE `users.id` = `friends.id1` LEFT JOIN `users` as `u3` WHERE `friends.id2 = u3.id` LEFT JOIN `users` as `u4` WHERE `u3.bestId` = `u4.id` query.sql

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Sharding

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redis.log

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GET cu GET u:2 LRANGE fr:1 0 5 GET u:3 GET u:4 GET u:5 GET u:6 GET u:7 GET u:8 GET u:9 GET u:10 GET u:11 GET u:12 redis.log {i:1 n:Dan bf:2} {i:2 n:Mary} [3,4,5,6,7] {i:3 n:Nick bf:8} {i:4 n:Lee bf:9} {i:5 n:Alex bf:10} {i:6 n:Laney bf:11} {i:7 n:Ola bf:12} {i:8 n:Leslie} {i:9 n:Ash} {i:10 n:Nina} {i:11 n:Turner} {i:12 n:Katie}

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GET cu GET u:2 LRANGE fr:1 0 5 GET u:3 GET u:4 GET u:5 GET u:6 GET u:7 GET u:8 GET u:9 GET u:10 GET u:11 GET u:12

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Dan GET cu GET u:2 LRANGE fr:1 0 5 GET u:3 GET u:4 GET u:5 GET u:6 GET u:7 GET u:8 GET u:9 GET u:10 GET u:11 GET u:12

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Mary Friends Dan GET cu GET u:2 LRANGE fr:1 0 5 GET u:3 GET u:4 GET u:5 GET u:6 GET u:7 GET u:8 GET u:9 GET u:10 GET u:11 GET u:12

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Laney Alex Lee Nick Ola Mary Friends Dan GET cu GET u:2 LRANGE fr:1 0 5 GET u:3 GET u:4 GET u:5 GET u:6 GET u:7 GET u:8 GET u:9 GET u:10 GET u:11 GET u:12

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Turner Nina Ash Leslie Katie Laney Alex Lee Nick Ola Mary Friends Dan GET cu GET u:2 LRANGE fr:1 0 5 GET u:3 GET u:4 GET u:5 GET u:6 GET u:7 GET u:8 GET u:9 GET u:10 GET u:11 GET u:12

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Turner Nina Ash Leslie Katie Laney Alex Lee Nick Ola Mary Friends Dan GET cu GET u:2 LRANGE fr:1 0 5 GET u:3 GET u:4 GET u:5 GET u:6 GET u:7 GET u:8 GET u:9 GET u:10 GET u:11 GET u:12

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Turner Nina Ash Leslie Katie Laney Alex Lee Nick Ola Mary Friends Dan GET cu GET u:2 LRANGE fr:1 0 5 MGET u:3 u:4 u:5
 u:6 u:7
 
 
 GET u:8 GET u:9 GET u:10 GET u:11 GET u:12

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Turner Nina Ash Leslie Katie Laney Alex Lee Nick Ola Mary Friends Dan GET cu GET u:2 LRANGE fr:1 0 5 MGET u:3 u:4 u:5
 u:6 u:7
 
 
 GET u:8 GET u:9 GET u:10 GET u:11 GET u:12

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Turner Nina Ash Leslie Katie Laney Alex Lee Nick Ola Mary Friends Dan GET cu GET u:2 LRANGE fr:1 0 5 MGET u:3 u:4 u:5
 u:6 u:7
 
 
 MGET u:8 u:9 u:10
 u:11 u:12 
 


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Turner Nina Ash Leslie Katie Laney Alex Lee Nick Ola Mary Friends Dan GET cu GET u:2 LRANGE fr:1 0 5 MGET u:3 u:4 u:5
 u:6 u:7
 
 
 MGET u:8 u:9 u:10
 u:11 u:12
 
 


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Our data requirements formed a tree

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That tree describes
 our data fetching strategy

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How do we implement that?

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Asynchronicity is mandatory

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PHP5 primitives… are
 not asynchronous

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GET cu GET u:2 LRANGE fr:1 0 5 MGET u:3 u:4 u:5
 u:6 u:7 MGET u:8 u:9 u:10
 u:11 u:12 redis.log {i:1 n:Dan bf:2} {i:2 n:Mary} [3,4,5,6,7] {i:3 n:Nick bf:8} {i:4 n:Lee bf:9} {i:5 n:Alex bf:10} {i:6 n:Laney bf:11} {i:7 n:Ola bf:12} {i:8 n:Leslie} {i:9 n:Ash} {i:10 n:Nina} {i:11 n:Turner} {i:12 n:Katie} getCurrentUser(); get(2); getFriends(1); get(3); get(4); get(5); get(6); get(7); get(8); get(9); get(10); get(11); get(12);

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GET cu GET u:2 LRANGE fr:1 0 5 MGET u:3 u:4 u:5
 u:6 u:7 MGET u:8 u:9 u:10
 u:11 u:12 redis.log {i:1 n:Dan bf:2} {i:2 n:Mary} [3,4,5,6,7] {i:3 n:Nick bf:8} {i:4 n:Lee bf:9} {i:5 n:Alex bf:10} {i:6 n:Laney bf:11} {i:7 n:Ola bf:12} {i:8 n:Leslie} {i:9 n:Ash} {i:10 n:Nina} {i:11 n:Turner} {i:12 n:Katie} getCurrentUser(); DISPATCH() get(2); getFriends(1); DISPATCH() get(3); get(4); get(5); get(6); get(7); DISPATCH() get(8); get(9); get(10); get(11); get(12); DISPATCH()

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getCurrentUser(); DISPATCH() get(2); getFriends(1); DISPATCH() get(3); get(4); get(5); get(6); get(7); DISPATCH() get(8); get(9); get(10); get(11); get(12); DISPATCH()

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get_current_user(true, $user); memcache_dispatch(); get_user(2, true, $user2); get_friends(1, true, $friends); memcache_dispatch(); get_user(3, true, $user3); get_user(4, true, $user4); get_user(5, true, $user5); get_user(6, true, $user6); get_user(7, true, $user7); memcache_dispatch(); get_user(8, true, $user8); get_user(9, true, $user9); get_user(10, true, $user10); get_user(11, true, $user11); get_user(12, true, $user12); memcache_dispatch();

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Yuck %

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class MyPreparable extends Preparable { $some_data = null; $other_data = null; public function prepare($pass) { switch ($pass) { case 0: fetch_some_data($this->some_data) return true; case 1: fetch_other_data($this->some_data, $this->other_data) return false; } public function getData() { return $this->other_data; } } https://www.quora.com/Facebook-Infrastructure-What-are-preparables-and-how-are-they-implemented

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https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Evolution-of-Code-Design-at-Facebook

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https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Evolution-of-Code-Design-at-Facebook

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class MyPreparable extends Preparable { $some_data = null; $other_data = null; public function prepare($pass) { switch ($pass) { case 0: fetch_some_data($this->some_data) return true; case 1: fetch_other_data($this->some_data, $this->other_data) return false; } public function getData() { return $this->other_data; } } https://www.quora.com/Facebook-Infrastructure-What-are-preparables-and-how-are-they-implemented

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https://gu.illau.me/posts/polyfilling-generators/

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class MyPreparable extends Preparable { $some_data = null; $other_data = null; public function prepare($pass) { switch ($pass) { case 0: fetch_some_data($this->some_data) return true; case 1: fetch_other_data($this->some_data, $this->other_data) return false; } public function getData() { return $this->other_data; } } https://www.quora.com/Facebook-Infrastructure-What-are-preparables-and-how-are-they-implemented

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Double Yuck % %

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We spent so much time iterating on async primitives

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You don’t have to

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async/await

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GET cu GET u:2 LRANGE fr:1 0 5 MGET u:3 u:4 u:5
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 u:11 u:12 redis.log {i:1 n:Dan bf:2} {i:2 n:Mary} [3,4,5,6,7] {i:3 n:Nick bf:8} {i:4 n:Lee bf:9} {i:5 n:Alex bf:10} {i:6 n:Laney bf:11} {i:7 n:Ola bf:12} {i:8 n:Leslie} {i:9 n:Ash} {i:10 n:Nina} {i:11 n:Turner} {i:12 n:Katie} getCurrentUser(); get(2); getFriends(1); get(3); get(4); get(5); get(6); get(7); get(8); get(9); get(10); get(11); get(12);

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GET cu GET u:2 LRANGE fr:1 0 5 MGET u:3 u:4 u:5
 u:6 u:7 MGET u:8 u:9 u:10
 u:11 u:12 redis.log {i:1 n:Dan bf:2} {i:2 n:Mary} [3,4,5,6,7] {i:3 n:Nick bf:8} {i:4 n:Lee bf:9} {i:5 n:Alex bf:10} {i:6 n:Laney bf:11} {i:7 n:Ola bf:12} {i:8 n:Leslie} {i:9 n:Ash} {i:10 n:Nina} {i:11 n:Turner} {i:12 n:Katie} await genCurrentUser(); await Promise.all( gen(2), genFriends(1) ); await Promise.all( [3,4,5,6,7].map(x => gen(x)) ); await Promise.all( [8,9,10,11,12].map(x => gen(x)) );

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Design your server abstractions around async primitives

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GraphQL did!

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The Book of GraphQL Chapter 6 Verse 4.2

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Asynchronicity is mandatory

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Strive for single sources of truth

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“How do I implement authorization?” “How do I make my server efficient?” “How do I cache my results?”

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“How do I implement authorization?” “How do I make my server efficient?” “How do I cache my results?” Always want to get
 these things right

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“How do I implement authorization?” “How do I make my server efficient?” “How do I cache my results?” Only want to write
 them once!

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Objects

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http://sujaytrivedi.blogspot.com/2015/03/object-oriented-programming-oop-in-c.html

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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Policy_Admin_Component_Diagram.PNG

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Smart data objects

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Smart data objects FB Jargon: Ent, short for “Entity”

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Smart data objects FB Jargon: Ent, short for “Entity”

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class SmartUser { static gen( viewer: Viewer, id: string ): Promise {} getID(): string {} getName(): string {} genBestFriend(): Promise {} genProfilePhoto(): Promise {} }

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class SmartUser { static gen( viewer: Viewer, id: string ): Promise {} getID(): string {} getName(): string {} genBestFriend(): Promise {} genProfilePhoto(): Promise {} }

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class SmartUser { static gen( viewer: Viewer, id: string ): Promise { const data = await genUserFromDb(id); if (!data) { return null; } const canSee = await genCanViewerSeeUser(viewer, data); if (!canSee) { return null; } return new SmartUser(viewer, id, data); } }

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Single Source of Truth

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class SmartUser { static gen( viewer: Viewer, id: string ): Promise {} getID(): string {} getName(): string {} genBestFriend(): Promise {} genProfilePhoto(): Promise {} }

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class SmartUser { static gen( viewer: Viewer, id: string ): Promise {} getID(): string {} getName(): string {} genBestFriend(): Promise {} genProfilePhoto(): Promise {} }

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class SmartUser { genBestFriend(): Promise { return SmartUser.gen(this.viewer, this.data.bestFriendId); } genProfilePhoto(): Promise { return SmartPhoto.gen(this.viewer, this.data.profilePhotoId); } }

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Avoid overfetching

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class SmartUser { static gen(viewer: Viewer, id: string): Promise genBestFriend(): Promise genProfilePhoto(): Promise }

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function getBestFriendsProfilePhoto( viewer: Viewer, id: string ): Promise { const user = await SmartUser.gen(viewer, id); if (user == null) { return null; } const bestFriend = await user.genBestFriend(); if (bestFriend == null) { return null; } return await bestFriend.genProfilePhoto(); } class SmartUser { static gen(viewer: Viewer, id: string): Promise genBestFriend(): Promise genProfilePhoto(): Promise }

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Self-reinforcing

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Preconditioning

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class SmartUser { static gen( viewer: Viewer, id: string ): Promise {} getID(): string {} getName(): string {} genBestFriend(): Promise {} genProfilePhoto(): Promise {} }

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These seem familiar…

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class SmartUser { static gen( viewer: Viewer, id: string ): Promise {} getID(): string {} getName(): string {} genBestFriend(): Promise {} genProfilePhoto(): Promise {} }

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class SmartUser { static gen( viewer: Viewer, id: string ): Promise {} getID(): string {} getName(): string {} genBestFriend(): Promise {} genProfilePhoto(): Promise {} } GraphQL Object Type!

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class SmartUser { static gen( viewer: Viewer, id: string ): Promise {} getID(): string {} getName(): string {} genBestFriend(): Promise {} genProfilePhoto(): Promise {} } GraphQL Fields!

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class SmartUser { static gen( viewer: Viewer, id: string ): Promise {} getID(): string {} getName(): string {} genBestFriend(): Promise {} genProfilePhoto(): Promise {} } GraphQL Root Field
 (a.k.a. a field on Query)

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Shouldn’t Resolvers contain 
 your business logic?

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Resolvers map to
 your business logic!

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Thin API layer

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The Prehistory of GraphQL

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The Future of GraphQL

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History of GraphQL July ’15 Aug ’12 Evolution Open Source Feb ’12 Today Prototype

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History of GraphQL July ’15 Aug ’12 Evolution Open Source Feb ’12 Today Prototype

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Future of GraphQL July ’15 Open Source Today

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Future of GraphQL July ’15 Open Source Today June 20–21, 2019

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Future of GraphQL July ’15 Open Source Today

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What might we talk about?
 


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What might we talk about?
 
 What might we work on?

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Tooling Clients Servers

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Tooling Clients Servers ✅ ✅ ❓

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GraphQL Implementions
 ✅

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GraphQL Implementions
 GraphQL-aware server stacks ✅ ❓

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GraphQL Native Servers

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We need
 Opinionated Server Frameworks

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Data requirements form a tree Asynchronicity is mandatory Strive for single sources of truth

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Thank you! Dan Schafer @dlschafer