Ruby on Rails 6.0 New Feature

by sugamasao

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͔ΒֶͿ3BJMT৽ػೳ 3BJMTͷ3VCZରԠ ۜ࠲Rails#20(2020/4/17) sugamasao [email protected]

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ͩΕʁ HN:sugamasao PN:͕͢ΘΒ ·͞ͷΓ Rubyྺ : 14೥͘Β͍ Railsྺ : 10೥͘Β͍ • WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϓϩάϥϚʔ • Rubyʹؔ͢Δॻ੶ͷࣥච׆ಈ

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ࣥචྺ 2013 2019 2014 2018 2017 վగ൛ ύʔϑΣΫτRuby

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ࣥචྺ 2013 2019 2014 2018 2017 վగ൛ ύʔϑΣΫτRuby ࠓ೔ͷ࿩

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ΑΖ͘͠ ͓Ͷ͕͍͠·͢

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΋͏Rails 6ʹ ΞοϓάϨʔυ ͍ͯ͠Δਓʁ

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Ͱ͖͍ͯΔਓ ΤϥΠ!!!

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ؓ࿩ٳ୊

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Rails 6.0ͷ omakaseΛ͍ͭ͘ ͔঺հ͍͖ͯ͠·͢

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Railsͷػೳͷத Ͱ΋ਓʹΑͬͯҙ ݟ͕෼͔ΕΔ͘Μ

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Webpacker

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• webpackΛϥοϓͯ͠࢖͍΍͘͢ʢʁʣͯ͠ ͍Δgem • ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͔Β͸Sprockets࣌୅ͱࣅͨ Α͏ͳ࢖༻ײͰ࢖͑ΔΑ͏ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ • JSΛಡΈࠐΉϦϯΫΛϔϧύʔͰग़ྗͨ͠Γ • ։ൃ࣌͸ߋ৽͕͋ΔͨͼʹίϯύΠϧͨ͠Γ Webpacker

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ओͳొ৔ਓ෺

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conﬁg/webpacker.yml /webpack/environment.js /development.js : ઃఆϑΝΠϧ܈ /test.js

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conﬁg/webpacker.yml /webpack/environment.js /development.js : ઃఆϑΝΠϧ܈ /test.js •webpack.conﬁg.js ૬౰ͷymlϑΝΠϧ ग़ྗઌͷఆٛͳͲ͕ߦ͑Δ •production/testͳͲ؀ڥʹΑͬͯఆٛΛ ม͑ΒΕΔʢdatabase.ymlΈ͍ͨʹʣ

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conﬁg/webpacker.yml /webpack/environment.js /development.js : ઃఆϑΝΠϧ܈ /test.js •webpackͷίϯύΠϧલʹࠩ͠ࠐΉॲཧ هड़͢Δ •loader/pluginͷ௥ՃͳͲ •ڞ௨ॲཧ͸environment.js΁

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// config/webpack/environment.js const { environment } = require('@rails/webpacker') const jsonLoader = { test: /\.json$/, use: 'json-loader' } // Insert json loader at the end of list environment.loaders.append('json', jsonLoader) environment.jsʹloaderΛ௥Ճ͢Δྫ https://github.com/rails/webpacker/blob/master/docs/webpack.md ΑΓൈਮ

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ઃఆͷσόοά೉͍͠໰୊ • development.jsͳͲͰ ènvironment.toWebpackConfig()` Λ console.logͯ͠ΈΔͱ͔ • σϑΥϧτͷ஋ΛݟͯΈΔͱ͔ https://github.com/rails/webpacker/blob/master/package/environments/base.js `getBaseConfig` Ͱఆ͍ٛͯ͠Δ಺༰͕σϑΥϧτ஋

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app/javascript/packs/application.js public/packs/js/application-xxxx.js ίϯύΠϧͷྲྀΕ % ./bin/rails webpacker:compile packσΟϨΫτϦҎԼ͕ ΤϯτϦʔϙΠϯτϑΝΠϧ Λஔ͘σΟϨΫτϦͱͳΔ

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Ϗϧυ͞ΕͨΤϯτϦʔϑΝΠϧͷಡΈࠐΈ SprocketsSample <%= csrf_meta_tags %> <%= csp_meta_tag %> <%= stylesheet_link_tag 'application', media: ‘all', 'data-turbolinks-track': 'reload' %> <%= javascript_pack_tag ‘application', 'data-turbolinks-track': 'reload' %> <%= yield %>

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Ϗϧυ͞ΕͨΤϯτϦʔϑΝΠϧͷಡΈࠐΈ • ϔϧύʔϝιου javascript_pack_tag Λ࢖ͬͯΤϯτϦʔϑΝΠϧΛಡΈࠐΉ • ͪͳΈʹɺWebpacker(webpack)Ͱը૾΋ ѻ͏Α͏ʹͨ͠৔߹ɺimage_pack_tag΍ asset_pack_pathͳͲͰύεΛऔಘͰ͖Δ ※͜ΕΒͷϔϧύʔϝιου͸Webpacker gem͕ ఏڙ͢Δϝιου

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Webpacker • bin/webpack-dev-server΋͋ΔΑ • ڧ͍ͩ͜ΘΓ͕ͳ͘ʮϨʔϧʹ৐ͬͯΈΔʯ ঢ়ଶͰ։ൃ͢ΔͷͰ͋Ε͹εοͱ࢖͑ΔՄೳ ੑ͕ߴ͍ • webpackΛ௚઀ѻ͏৔߹ͱൺ΂ͯɺಠࣗͷ ΍ΓํΛௐ΂Δඞཁ͕͋Δ෼΍΍͍͜͠ͱ͍ ͏ͷ͸͋Γ·͕͢…… ※ʢॳखͰ֎͢Έ͍ͨͳ෩ை΋͋Γ·͕͢ʣνʔϜ΍ ΞϓϦͷ։ൃํ਑ʹΑͬͯར༻͢Δ͔Ͳ͏͔ܾΊ·͠ΐ͏

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ෳ਺DB

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࢖Θͳ͍ਓ͸શવ࢖ Θͳ͍͠ɺ࢖͏ਓ͸ ผͷgemΛ࢖ͬͯ ͍ΔͷͰ͸͘Μ ෳ਺DB

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Rails 6.0Ͱͷ ʮෳ਺DBʯ͸େ͖ ͘ೋͭͷػೳ͕͋Δ ෳ਺DB

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•ෳ਺ͷDBʹରͯ͠Read/ Write͢Δʢѻ͏DBΛ੾ Γସ͑ΒΕΔʣ • ϦʔυϨϓϦΧΛࢀর͠ ͯෛՙ෼ࢄ ෳ਺DB

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ෳ਺ͷDBʹରͯ͠Read/Write͢Δʢѻ͏ DBΛ੾Γସ͑ΒΕΔʣ production: database: my_primary_database user: root adapter: mysql production: primary: database: my_primary_database user: root adapter: mysql animals: database: my_animals_database user: animals_root adapter: mysql migrations_paths: db/animals_migrate condig/database.yml

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ෳ਺ͷDBʹରͯ͠Read/Write͢Δʢѻ͏ DBΛ੾Γସ͑ΒΕΔʣ % rails -T : rails db:migrate:animals # Migrate animals database for current environment rails db:migrate:primary # Migrate primary database for current environment rails db:migrate:status # Display status of migrations rails db:migrate:status:animals # Display status of migrations for animals database rails db:migrate:status:primary # Display status of migrations for primary database db:createͷDBૢ࡞΍ϚΠάϨʔγϣϯؔ࿈ͷλεΫ΋ ͦΕͧΕͷDBʹର࣮ͯ͠ߦͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ

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ෳ਺ͷDBʹରͯ͠Read/Write͢Δʢѻ͏ DBΛ੾Γସ͑ΒΕΔʣ # app/models/animal_base.rb class AnimalBase < ApplicationRecord self.abstract_class = true establish_connection :animals end # app/models/dog.rb class Dog < AnimalBase end

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ϦʔυϨϓϦΧΛࢀরͯ͠ෛՙ෼ࢄ production: database: my_primary_database user: root adapter: mysql production: primary: database: my_primary_database user: root adapter: mysql primary_replica: database: my_primary_database user: root_readonly adapter: mysql replica: true condig/database.yml ࢀর༻DB͸replica: trueΛ͚ͭΔ

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ϦʔυϨϓϦΧΛࢀরͯ͠ෛՙ෼ࢄ class ApplicationRecord < ActiveRecord::Base self.abstract_class = true connects_to database: { writing: :primary, reading: :primary_replica } end ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯશମͰϦʔυϨϓϦΧΛ࢖͏ྫ

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ϦʔυϨϓϦΧΛࢀরͯ͠ෛՙ෼ࢄ config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 2.seconds } config.active_record.database_resolver = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver config.active_record.database_resolver_context = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver::Session ੾Γସ͑ઃఆΛ༗ޮʹ͢Δ conﬁg/environments/production.rb ͜ͷઃఆΛ༗ޮʹ͢Δͱ…… •GET΍HEADϦΫΤετͷ࣌͸readଆͷDBΛࢀর͢Δ •ಉҰϢʔβʔ͕ߋ৽ -> ࢀরΛͨ͠৔߹ delay ඵҎ಺ͷ ΞΫηεͰ͋Ε͹writeଆͷDBΛࢀর͢Δ

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Rails 6.0Ͱ͸DBΛ·͕ͨΔ join͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ Rails 6.1Ͱղܾ͢Δ͔΋ʁ (RailsΨΠυʹΑΔͱɺαϙʔτ༧ఆͱهࡌ͞Ε͍ͯΔ) ෳ਺DB https://railsguides.jp/active_record_multiple_databases.html#%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%E7%82%B9

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ฒྻςετ

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ฒྻςετ minitestϢʔβʔͷօ͞Μ͓ΊͰͱ͏͍͟͝·͢ class ActiveSupport::TestCase parallelize(workers: :number_of_processors) fixtures :all end test/test_helper.rbΑΓൈਮ ಛʹҙࣝ͢Δࣄͳ͘ɺউखʹฒྻςετͯ͘͠Ε·͢

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͓·͚

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Rails 6.0 & Ruby 2.7

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࢖͍ͬͯΔਓ ͍·͔͢ʁ

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Rails 6.0&Ruby 2.7 ͰΩʔϫʔυ Ҿ਺ʹؔ͢Δܯࠂ͕ ΊͬͪΌग़Δ໰୊

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•Ruby 3.0ʹ޲͚ͨ४උͱͯ͠ͷܯࠂ •ΩʔϫʔυҾ਺ʹରͯ͠hashΦϒδΣΫτΛ౉͢͜ͱ΍ɺϝιο υͷҾ਺ʹ͓͍ͯϋογϡͱΩʔϫʔυҾ਺ͷղऍ͕ᐆດʹͳΔ ΋ͷʹରͯ͠ܯࠂ͕ग़Δ •େମͷ৔߹͸ `method(**hash)` ͷΑ͏ʹdouble splatԋࢉࢠͰ ల։ͯ͠΍Ε͹ྑ͍ʢͰࡁΉࣄ͕ଟ͍ʣ def foo(key: 42); end; foo({key: 42}) # warned def foo(**kw); end; foo({key: 42}) # warned def foo(key: 42); end; foo(**{key: 42}) # OK def foo(**kw); end; foo(**{key: 42}) # OK https://www.ruby-lang.org/ja/news/2019/12/25/ruby-2-7-0-released/ Ruby 2.7ϦϦʔεϊʔτΑΓൈਮ

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•conﬁg/boot.rbʹ `Warning[:deprecated] = false` Λ௥Ճ͢Δͱ͋Δఔ౓ܯࠂΛ཈੍͢Δ͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖Δ •͕ɺΞϓϦέʔγϣϯίʔυͷ·͍ͣ෦෼΋Ӆṭͯ͠ ͠·͏͠ɺ͔ͤͬ͘ܯࠂΛग़͍ͯ͠Δҙຯ͕ͳ͘ͳͬ ͯ͠·͏ •Rails ࣗ਎ʢͱؔ࿈͢Δgemʣͷൃ͢Δܯࠂ͕ऩ·ͬ ͯ͘ΕΕ͹༕͍ͳ͘Ruby 2.7Λ࢖͑ΔΜ͚ͩͲɺɺɺ

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https://twitter.com/kamipo/status/1214094495043637248 ʢϢʔβʔ͸ؾܰʹʮରԠͯ͠΄͍͠ʯͳͲͱݴͬ ͯ͠·͏͕ʣେมŪůŠŪ

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Railsຊମ΍ؔ࿈gemʹRuby 2.7ରԠΛ ೖΕ͍ͯͬͯ͘Ε͍ͯΔkamipo͞Μ

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https://blog.kamipo.net/entry/2020/02/26/193904

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ࠓճ͸kamipo͞ΜΛҾ͖߹͍ ʹग़͠·͕ͨ͠ɺ͞·͟·ਓ͕ Ruby 2.7ʹ޲͚ͨमਖ਼Λߦͳͬ ͍ͯ·͢ ѹ౗తײँ

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࣍ͷόʔδϣϯͷRails ָ͕͠ΈͰ͢Ͷʂ

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͕࣌ؒ༨ͬͨΒ࿩͢༻ϝϞ • Zeitwerkͷ `rails zeitwerk:check` ͕ಈ͔ͳ͍໰୊ • ͜͜ͷissueͰ΍ΓͱΓ͕͋Δ https://github.com/rails/rails/ issues/37966 • masterͰ͸ͳ͓͍ͬͯΔͷͰɺमਖ਼൛λεΫΛDLͯ͠Ұ࣌తʹϩʔ ΧϧͷλεΫͱͯ͠ఆٛ͢Ε͹ • insert_all/upsert_all͕஍ຯʹศར • ActiveRecord-ImportΛγϯϓϧʹ࢖͍ͬͯΕ͹Ҡߦ΋͠΍͍͢