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Chicago

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Agenda πŸ“ About me πŸ“ Netty project πŸ“ Netty in action

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About me Portland Oregon Java since 1996 open source contributor

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Netty contributor

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βœ… async-http-client βœ… reactor-netty βœ… Netflix Zuul βœ… Apache Pinot

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Netty is open source

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Netty at Netflix Netty Zuul AWS Cassandra Netty

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Zuul is built on Netty

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Zuul: Server.java

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Zuul server channel initializer

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Zuul channel handlers

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Zuul push messaging

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Zuul push messaging

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Zuul: sendPushMessage

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Cassandra is built on Netty

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Cassandra: SocketFactory.java

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β€œNetty is an asynchronous event-driven network application framework”

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πŸ“ Apache ActiveMQ Artemis πŸ“ Apache Bookkeeper πŸ“ Apache Camel πŸ“ Apache Cassandra πŸ“ Apache CXF πŸ“ Apache Druid

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πŸ“ Apache Flink πŸ“ Apache NiFi πŸ“ Apache Pinot πŸ“ Apache Pulsar πŸ“ Apache Spark πŸ“ Apache Zookeeper

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πŸ“ Armeria πŸ“ Micronaut πŸ“ Netflix Zuul πŸ“ OpenSearch

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And many others… πŸ“ Apple Servicetalk πŸ“ Azure SDK for Java πŸ“ AWS SDK for Java (v2) πŸ“ async-http-client πŸ“ grpc-java πŸ“ Expedia Styx πŸ“ Play Framework πŸ“ reactor-netty πŸ“ vert.x πŸ“ gatling

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blocking I/O non blocking I/O

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JDK 1.0 socket API

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JDK NIO

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Netty core concepts βœ… io.netty.channel.Channel A nexus to a network socket or a component which is capable of I/O operations such as read, write, connect, and bind

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Netty core concepts βœ… io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline A list of ChannelHandlers which handles or intercepts inbound events and outbound operations of a Channel

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Netty core concepts βœ… io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler Handles an I/O event or intercepts an I/O operation, and forwards it to its next handler in its ChannelPipeline

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Netty core concepts βœ… io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf A random and sequential accessible sequence of zero or more bytes

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High performance buffer pool Netty 4 introduces a high-performance buffer pool which is a variant of jemalloc https://netty.io/wiki/new-and-noteworthy-in-4.0.html

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High performance buffer pool βœ… Reduced GC pressure incurred by frequent allocation and deallocation of the buffers βœ… Reduced memory bandwidth consumption incurred when creating a new buffer which inevitably has to be filled with zeroes βœ… Timely deallocation of direct buffers https://netty.io/wiki/new-and-noteworthy-in-4.0.html

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Netty uses native code

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Netty transports Core 🟒 JDK NIO Native transports 🟒 epoll 🟒 io_uring 🟒 kqueue

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Netty optional libraries Native transports πŸ“ epoll transport πŸ“ io_uring transport πŸ“ kqueue transport Other πŸ“ tcnative boringssl πŸ“ brotli4j πŸ“ zstd-jni

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Netty io_uring

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io_uring support in Netflix Zuul βœ… https://github.com/Netflix/zuul/pull/1146

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HTTP content compression

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Netty compression support βœ… gzip βœ… snappy βœ… brotli βœ… zstd

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HttpContentCompressor

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zuul-integration-test

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Netty pitfalls

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Cookie class io.netty.handler.codec.http.Cookie io.netty.handler.codec.http.cookie.Cookie

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Content compressor new HttpContentCompressor() new HttpContentCompressor((CompressorOptions[]) null)

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Aborted (core dumped) Netty 4.1.98 + Epoll transport + Linux Netty and Java 21

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https://netty.io/news/index.html Netty and Java 21

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Netty resource leaks

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https://netty.io/wiki/reference-counted-objects.html

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https://netty.io/wiki/reference-counted-objects.html Since Netty version 4, the life cycle of certain objects are managed by their reference counts, so that Netty can return them (or their shared resources) to an object pool (or an object allocator) as soon as it is not used anymore.

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β€œThe disadvantage of reference counting is that it is easy to leak the reference-counted objects” source: Netty wiki

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Resource leaks are extremely difficult to debug

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Netflix Zuul 2.x September 2017

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Netty resource leak detector Leak Detector levels: - DISABLED - SIMPLE - ADVANCED - PARANOID

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Best practices to avoid leaks β€œRun your unit tests and integration tests at PARANOID leak detection level” https://netty.io/wiki/reference-counted-objects.html

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run Zuul integration test with PARANOID leak detection?

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Netflix Zuul leak detection

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Netflix Zuul leak detection assertZeroLeaks()

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Netflix Zuul leak detection IntegrationTest.java

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Netflix Zuul leak detection

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maybe we could implement a JUnit 5 Extension class?

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https://github.com/nettyplus/netty-leak-detector-junit-extension

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JUnit 5 example pom.xml

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JUnit 5 example

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NettyLeakDetectorExtension

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βœ… https://github.com/AsyncHttpClient/async-http-client/pull/1932

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https://github.com/reactor/reactor-netty/pull/3064

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Let’s talk about Apache Pinot

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Pinot uses Netty

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Pinot: QueryServer.java

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Leak detection βœ… https://github.com/apache/pinot/pull/12483

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https://github.com/apache/pinot/pull/12577 Native transports

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Let’s talk about security

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CVE-2023-44487 β€œHTTP 2 Rapid Reset” October 2023

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October 2023 cloudflare.com

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October 2023 cloudflare.com

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Netty and HTTP 2 Rapid Reset October 10, 2023

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Spring Boot and Netty

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Spring Boot web servers πŸ”· JettyWebServer πŸ”· NettyWebServer πŸ”· UndertowWebServer πŸ”· TomcatWebServer

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Spring Boot with Netty

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Spring Boot example https://github.com/sullis/spring-boot-netty-playground

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Learning Netty

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πŸ“˜ published December 2015 πŸ€“ covers Netty 4.x

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StΓ©phane Landelle @ Devoxx Belgium 2023

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Trustin Lee @ Devoxx Belgium 2023

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Norman Maurer @ Devoxx Belgium 2016

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Final thoughts βœ… Netty is everywhere βœ… Netty is extensible βœ… Netty is awesome

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Questions?

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The End