A Probabilistic U-Net for Segmentation of Ambiguous Image

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1SPC6/FU ,FJP6OJWFSTJUZ # 5PNPLJ5BOJNVSB

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֓ཁ w ᐆດͳը૾ʢෳ਺ͷ(5Λ࣋ͭʣʹର͢Δ4FHNFOUBUJPOͷ՝୊ Λઃఆ w ੜ੒͢ΔTFHNFOUBUJPONBQͷ෼෍Λֶश͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɼ໬ ΋Β͍֬͠཰Ͱ໬΋Β͍݁͠ՌΛग़ྗ͢Δ͜ͱΛՄೳʹ͢ΔϞ σϧΛఏҊ

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֓ཁɹΠϝʔδ (SPVOE5SVUI 0SJHJOBM 4FHNFOUBUJPO WBSJBOU 4BNQMJOH *OGFS -BUFOU4QBDF 4FHNFOUBUJPO /FUXPSL

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ॻࢽ৘ใ w 5JUMF"1SPCBCJMJTUJD6/FUGPS4FHNFOUBUJPOPG"NCJHVPVT *NBHFT w /*14 w ஶऀ4JNPO"",PIM %FFQ.JOEͷํʑ w ॴଐ(FSNBO$BODFS3FTFBSDI$FOUFS େֶ w %FFQ.JOEʹΠϯλʔϯʹߦͬͯΔ࣌ʹߦͳͬͨݚڀ

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ͳͥ௨͔ͬͨʢओ؍ʣ w ͜Ε͕࿦จ͔ʙͱࢥͬͨɽ w ࣮ݧͰ׬ᘳͳ%FGFODFΛߦͳͬͨ w ؔ࿈ݚڀ͔Βఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯΔϕʔεϥΠϯख๏ʹଥ౰ੑ͕͋ Δ w %BUBTFU΋ࠓճಛʹGPDVT͍ͯ͠Δҩྍը૾͚ͩͰͳ͘ɼ $JUZTDBQFTEBUBTFUͰ΋ͪΌΜͱ࣮ݧ͍ͯ͠Δ w ͔ͳΓͷ࣮ݧྔͰಥͬࠐΈͲ͜Ζͷͳ͍࿦จʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ w %JTDVTTJPOͰͷߟ࡯ʹΑΓɼఏҊख๏ͷ༗ޮੑʹೲಘͷ͍͘ આ໌Λ͍ͯ͠Δ

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$POUSJCVUJPO w QJYFMಉ࢜ͷؔ܎͔ΒҰ؏ͨ͠4FHNFOUBUJPONBQΛੜ੒ͷ֬཰Λ ݩʹग़ྗͰ͖Δ w ग़ݱස౓͕ۃ୺ʹ௿͍NPEF΋ؚΊɼෳࡶͳग़ྗ෼෍ΛֶशՄೳ w 'PSXBSEจͷܭࢉίετ͕͔ͳΓ௿͍ w ࣮Ԡ༻ʹ޲͍͍ͯΔ w Ұൠతͳੜ੒ϞσϧͷΑ͏ͳఆੑධՁ͚ͩͰͳ͘ɼఆྔධՁ΋ Մೳ

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4FHNFOUBUJPO w ෺ମΛϐΫηϧ୯ҐͰ෼ྨ͢Δख๏ w ͖Ίࡉ͔͍෺ମݕग़ͱ΋ݴ͑Δ w 4FNBOUJDछྨͰ෼͚Δɼ*OTUBODF෺ମ͝ͱʹ෼͚Δ w ୅දతͳ΋ͷ'$/ 4FH/FU 6/FU .BTL3$//

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୅දతͳ4FHNFOUBUJPO/FUT

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എܠ w ಛʹҩྍ༻ը૾ʹ͓͍ͯɼઐ໳ՈʹΑΔBOOPUBUJPOͰ΋ෳ਺ʹ ҙݟ͕Θ͔ΕΔ͜ͱ͕͋Δ w ෳ਺ͷԾઆ (5 Λಉ࣌ʹߟྀͯ͠ɼଥ౰ͳ4FHNFOUBUJPONBQΛ ੜ੒͍ͨ͠ w ͜Ε͕Ͱ͖Ε͹ɼ$5TDBOͷ݁ՌΛࣗಈͰॲཧͯ͠ɼҩऀ͸࣍ͷ ࣏ྍʹूத͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ w Ұํɼ௨ৗͷख๏ͩͱҎԼͷͲͪΒ͔͔͠ѻ͑ͳ͍ͨΊɼෳ਺ ͷԾઆΛߟྀ͢Δ͜ͱ͸೉͍͠ w QY୯ҐͰͷΫϥεͷ֬཰Λ൑அ w ͍ࣸͬͯΔ෺ମશମΛҰͭͷΫϥεͱͯ͠෼ྨ

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ؔ࿈ݚڀ w JOEFQFOEFOUQJYFMXJTFQSPCBCJMJUJFT w MFBSOBOFOTFNCMFPGEFFQNPEFMT w PSBDMFTFUMPTT w FOTFNCMF w .IFBET w VTJOHHSBQIJDBMNPEFMT w JNJN w ("/ w 6/FU7"&

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ؔ࿈ݚڀ w *OEFQFOEFOUQJYFMXJTFQSPCBCJMJUZ w 1JYFM͝ͱʹಠཱͨ֬͠཰͸ࠓճͷ໨తʹ߹Θͳ͍

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ؔ࿈ݚڀ w MFBSOBOFOTFNCMFPGEFFQNPEFMT w ଟ༷ੑͷ͋Δग़ྗ͸Ͱ͖ͣɼͻͱͭͷग़ྗʢฏۉʣʹམͪண͘ w ಠཱʹֶशΛ͢ΔͷͰɼग़ݱස౓ͷ௿͍΋ͷ͸ͲͷϞσϧͰ΋ߟྀ͞ Εͳ͍ͨΊɼग़ྗ͸ෆՄ w ଟ਺ͷԾઆΛಉ࣌ʹֶश͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ή͔͍ͣ͠ w Ϟσϧ͕ग़ྗΛՄೳͱ͢ΔछྨΛֶशͷ࣌఺Ͱܾఆ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ w .IFBET w ଟ༷ੑͷ͋Δग़ྗ͸Մೳ͕ͩɼͦͷස౓Λֶश͢Δ͜ͱ͕ࠔ೉ w ଟ਺ͷԾઆΛಉ࣌ʹֶश͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ή͔͍ͣ͠ w Ϟσϧ͕ग़ྗΛՄೳͱ͢ΔछྨΛֶशͷ࣌఺Ͱܾఆ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ

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ؔ࿈ݚڀ w VTJOHHSBQIJDBMNPEFMT w (SBQIJDBMߏ଄ΛఆٛͰ͖Δσʔλʹؔͯ͠ͷΈ͔͠ద༻͕Ͱ ͖ͳ͍ w JNJNUSBOTMBUJPO w ("/CBTF͸NPEFDPMMBQTF͕མͪΔ w CJDZDMF("/ w ࣄલ෼෍͕ݻఆ w ࣄޙ෼෍͕Ξ΢τϓοτͰҿΈ৚͚݅ͮΒΕΔͷͰֶश͕ Ή͔͍ͣ͠

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ఏҊख๏ 'PSXBSE w $7"&6/FU w 1SJPS/FUͰੜ੒͢Δ TFHNFOUBUJPONBQΛܾఆ  4FHNFOUBUJPOWBSJBOU w -BUFOUTQBDF͸3͕ྑ͍ w TBNQMJOH͢ΔͷͰɼग़ྗ ͸ຖճҟͳΔ w 'PSXBSEܭࢉ͕ඵ 4FHNFOUBUJPOWBSJBOU Ϟʔυ

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ఏҊख๏ 5SBJOJOH w ੜ੒ʹ͸1PTUFSJPSΛ࢖͍  1SJPS͸1PTUFSJPSΛݟֶ͠ɼ ·Ͷֶͬͯ͜͠श w -PTT w 1SFEJDUͷ$SPTT&OUSPQZ w 1SJPSͱ1PTUFSJPSͷ,-%    1PTUFSJPS 0CKFDUJWF

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ධՁࢦඪ w % (&% (FOFSBMJ[FE&OFSHZ%JTUBODF w *P6͚ͩͩͱɼͭͷTFHNFOUBUJPONBQͷൺֱ͔͠ߦ͑ͳ͍ w 4FHNFOUBUJPOͷ෼෍Λൺֱ͍ͨ͠ͷͰɼ͜ΕΛ࢖͏ w ֤෼෍͔Βෳ਺ճαϯϓϦϯάͯ͠ɼ૯౉ΓͰ͜ΕΛܭࢉͯ͠ ͦΕΒΛ46. w 4BSFUIFTBNQMFTGSPN1PVU :BSFUIFTBNQMFTGSPN1HU w E Y Z *P6 Y Z    

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ϕʔεϥΠϯ B%SPQPVU6/FU੺͍෦෼ͰQͷ֬཰Ͱ%SPQPVU͢ΔϞσϧ C6/FU&OTFNCMFΞϯαϯϘʙ D.)FBET  ࠷ऴͦ͏͔Β.ݸʢαϯϓϧ਺ʣʹ෼ذɽͦΕͧΕ͕ग़ྗΛߦ͏ɽֶश΋)FBEͷ਺͚ͩඞཁ E*N*N7"&  6/FU7"&("/ͷIZCSJEɽ1SJPS͸pYͰ&ODPEFSଆͷ࠷ॳʹૠೖɽ4FHNFOUBUJPO͸׬શʹڭ ࢣ͋ΓͳͷͰɼ"EWFSTBSJBMEJTDSJNJOBUPS͸ࠓճ͸ͳ͠

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࣮ݧ w ఆੑධՁ w ఆྔධՁ w ௥Ճ࣮ݧ w ຊ౰ʹ4FHNFOUBUJPOEJTUSJCVUJPOΛֶशͰ͖͍ͯΔ͔ͷ࣮ݧ w જࡏۭؒͱग़ྗͷؔ܎ͷ෼ੳ w 0VSBSDIJUFDSUVSF

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σʔληοτ w -*%$*%3* w ഏͷ$5ը૾ w ຕͷը૾Λਓͷઐ໳ՈͰBOOPUBUJPOˠ(5͕ͭ w 5SBJO 7BM 5FTU Ϟʔυ ೖྗ

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σʔληοτ w $JUZTDBQFT w ֗ͷը૾ w ݩʑ͸Ϋϥε w ͷ͏ͪΫϥεΛҰఆͷ֬཰Ͱ֤DMBTTOBNFͱ͍͏Ϋϥεʹมߋ  QFSTPOJTqJQQFEUPlQFSTPOzXJUIBQSPCBCJMJUZPG   TJEFXBMLUPTJEFXBMLXJUIBQSPCBCJMJUZPG FUD Ϟʔυʢݸʣ ೖྗ

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ఆੑධՁ w ·͔͋֬ʹͱ͍͏ײ͡

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ఆྔධՁ w ֤Ϟσϧͷग़ྗͷ% HFE w αϯϓϧ਺Λ ຕͷ࣌͸1SPC6/FU͕࠷΋ྑ͍ w ബ͍όʔ͸EBUBQPJOUͰɼ֤TZNCPM͸ͦͷฏۉ

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% HFE ͷܭࢉ -*%$ $JUZTDBQFT

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෼෍Λଊ͑ΒΕ͍ͯΔ͔ͷ࣮ݧ w $JUZTDBQFTͰ(5ͷ෼෍ͱ1SFEJDUͷ෼෍Λൺֱʢ֤Ϟσϧʣ w ͇࣠͸1HUͷ֤Ϟʔυͷग़ݱ֬཰ DMBTTqJQͷ֬཰ Ͱɼ  1PVUͷ֤Ϟʔυͷग़ྗස౓͕Z࣠ w ڧ͍ਖ਼ͷ૬͕ؔ͋Ε͹ɼଊ͑ΒΕ͍ͯΔ͜ͱʹͳΔ w ࠨͭ͸ͦ΋ͦ΋ग़ྗͰ͖ͳ͍Ϟʔυ͕ଟ͋͘Δɽ  Ұํɼ*N*N7"&͸શϞʔυΛग़ྗͰ͖Δ͕ɼग़ྗͷස౓͸ֶशͰ͖͍ͯͳ͍

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-BUFOUTQBDFͷ෼ੳ

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"SDIJUFDUVSFͷͲ͕͜ޮ͍ͯΔ͔

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ߟ࡯ w ͭ໨ͷ࣮ݧͰɼ5IFNVMUJNPEBMHSPVOEUSVUIEJTUSJCVUJPOTʹ Ϛονͨ͠TFHNFOUBUJPONBQΛग़ྗ͢Δ͜ͱΛࣔͨ͠ w ͭ໨ͷ࣮ݧ͸ɼग़ݱස౓͕௿͍Ϟʔυ΋ؚΊɼෳࡶͳग़ྗ෼෍ Λֶश͢Δ͜ͱʹ੒ޭͨ͠

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%SPQPVU w QJYFMXJTFʹ͸͍͍͚Ͳɼ ࠓճͷ໨తʹ͸߹Θͳ͍

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&OTFNCMF w ฏۉʹམͪண͍ͯ͠·͏ ͨΊɼNPEFDPMMBQTFঢ়ଶ

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.IFBET w .IFBET͸લͷͭΑΓɼग़ྗʹ ଟ༷ੑ͸͋Δ͕ɼNPEFͷग़ݱස ౓ʹ͍ͭͯͷֶश͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ w ·ͨɼ͍ͭ͘ͷαϯϓϧ͢Δ͔ʹ ΑͬͯωοτϫʔΫߏ଄ΛมԽ ͤ͞Δඞཁ͕͋Δ w &OTFNCMF΋͚ͩͲɼ૊Έ߹Θͤ ͕ଟ͘ͳΔͱരൃ͢Δ

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*NBHF*NBHF7"& w QSJPS͕pYͳͷͰGSFRVFODZΛ ֶशͰ͖ͳ͍ w ࠷ॳʹMBUFOUTQBDF͔Βͷ DPOEJUJPOΛૠೖ͢Δͱɼ TFHNFOUBUJPOΛ͠ͳ͕Β͔ͭɼ ͜ͷ৘ใΛอ࣋͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳ Βͳ͍ͷͰֶश͕Ή͔͍ͣ͠ w ࠷ޙʹೖΕͨํ͕'PSXBSEͷ ܭࢉίετ௿͍͍ͯ͘ΑͶ

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·ͱΊ w 7"&ͩͱ-BUFOUTQBDFͷ৘ใʹ௚઀ΞΫηεͰ͖ΔͨΊɼ݁Ռ ʹࢸΔ·ͰͷաఔΛղऍ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δͷ͕࣮༻త w ෳ਺ͷ(5Λ࣋ͭBNCJHVPVTͳը૾ʹɼଥ౰ͳTFHNFOUBUJPONBQ Λग़ྗ͢Δʢෳ਺ͷԾઆΛߟྀʣλεΫΛఆٛ w 4FHNFOUBUJPONBQͷ෼෍Λֶश4FHNFOUBUJPO/FUΛֶश  Ͱ͖Δ6/FU$7"&ͷωοτϫʔΫΛఏҊ w ఆੑධՁɾఆྔධՁɾͦΕΒΛཪ෇͚ΔͨΊͷ௥Ճ࣮ݧʹΑΓ  ఏҊख๏ͷ༗ޮੑΛࣔͨ͠