実践 iOS オープンソースプロジェクトの始め方

by Yoshimasa Niwa

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@niw 09/18/2021 — Online iOSDC Japan 2021 ࣮ફ iOS ΦʔϓϯιʔεϓϩδΣΫτͷ࢝Ίํ

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Yoshimasa Niwa @niw

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ϥΠϒϥϦͷ։ൃ

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ϥΠϒϥϦͷ։ൃ API σβΠϯ

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API σβΠϯ جຊతͳϙΠϯτ Θ͔Γ΍໊͍͢લΛ͚ͭΔ ίϯϙʔωϯτؒͷ஌ࣝͷ෼཭ Α͘஌ΒΕ͍ͯΔύλʔϯʹै͏

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APIσβΠϯ ԼҐޓ׵ੑͷ୲อ ޓ׵ੑͷഁյʹ͸ϝδϟʔόʔδϣϯΞοϓ͕ඞཁ ར༻ऀ΁ͷෛ୲ Swift ͷ௨ৗͷϓϩτίϧ͸มߋ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ @objc @optional ͷ׆༻΋ݕ౼

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API σβΠϯ ڞ௨ͷػೳ΍ઃఆ ϩάͷૹΓઌɺσόοάΦϓγϣϯͳͲ ґଘੑ஫ೖͰΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕ػೳΛఏڙͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢ Δ Singleton ͷΦϒδΣΫτΛ໊લۭؒʹ༻ҙ

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ϥΠϒϥϦͷ։ൃ ϥΠηϯε

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ϥΠηϯε ๏తͳ໰୊͕Θ͔Δਓʹ૬ஊ Ұൠతʹ͸ Apache License 2.0 ΍ MIT License ͕ଟ͍ͱࢥ͍ ·͢ ͲͷϥΠηϯεΛ࢖͏͔

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ϥΠηϯε Ͳ͏΍ͬͯදࣔ͢Δ͔ LICENSE ϑΝΠϧ ֤ιʔείʔυʹϥΠηϯεͷ৚จΛϔομͱͯ͠ೖΕΔ

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ϥΠηϯε SPDX(Software Package Data Exchange) ͸ϥΠηϯε৘ใͳ ͲΛهड़͢ΔϑΥʔϚοτ 1. spdx.org/licenses Ͱ࢖༻͢ΔϥΠηϯεͷ Identifier Λ୳͢ 2. Identifier Λ SPDX short-form identifiers ͷܗࣜͰ֘౰͢Δ ιʔείʔυʹίϝϯτͰ௥Ճ SPDX Λ࢖͏

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ϥΠηϯε IDETemplateMacros.plist υΩϡϝϯτ͕ Xcode ͷϔϧϓʹ͔͠ͳ͍΄΅ൿີͷػೳ …xcodeproj/xcshareddata ʹ഑ஔͯ͠ɺϓϩδΣΫτ ͝ͱʹࢦఆͰ͖Δ Xcode ͕σϑΥϧτͰ࡞ΔϑΝΠϧͷϔομΛมߋͰ͖Δ

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͍͍͑

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ϓϩδΣΫτͷެ։ ύοέʔδϯά

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ύοέʔδϯά Swift Package Manager ͷ࠾༻ Apple ͷϓϥοτϑΥʔϜͰ͸ݱঢ়ɺࣄ্࣮ͷσϑΝΫτɾ ελϯμʔυ Xcode ͷαϙʔτ͕͋Δ ଞͷύοέʔδϚωʔδϟʔͱ΋͋Δఔ౓͸ڞଘͰ͖Δ

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ύοέʔδϯά CocoaPods ΍ Carthage ΁ͷରԠ ଞͷϥΠϒϥϦ΁ͷґଘ͕ͳ͍৔߹͸ɺPodspec ϑΝΠϧ ͳͲΛར༻ऀ͕هड़͢Δ͜ͱͰར༻Ͱ͖Δ ଞͷϥΠϒϥϦ΁ͷґଘ͕͋Δ৔߹͸ɺPodspec ϑΝΠϧͳ Ͳ΋ఏڙ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ߟ͑ΒΕΔ͕ɺόʔδϣϯͷҰ؏ੑͳͲ ؾΛ͚ͭΔ͜ͱ͕૿͑Δ

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Example ΞϓϦͷಉࠝ ͙͢ʹࢼͤΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ ϥΠϒϥϦΛධՁͯ͠΋Β͏ͨΊʹ͸͙͢ʹࢼͤΔΑ͏ʹ͠ ͓ͯ͘ͱྑ͍ Example ΞϓϦͷϓϩδΣΫτ͸ͦͷ··ϥΠϒϥϦͷ։ൃ ؀ڥͱͯ͠΋࢖͑Δ

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Examples Sources Tests Example.xcodeproj Package Local Package

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ϥΠϒϥϦͷ։ൃ ·ͱΊ API σβΠϯʹ͸ԼҐޓ׵ੑͷߟྀͳͲීஈΑΓߟྀ͢Δ͜ ͱ͕ଟ͍ ϥΠηϯεͷදࣔΛͪΌΜͱ͢Δ Swift Package Manager Λ࢖͏

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ϝϯςφϯεͷܭը

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ϝϯςφϯεͷܭը Pull Request ͷऔΓѻ͍

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Pull Request?

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Pull Request ͷऔΓѻ͍ Pull Request Λड͚෇͚Δ ͦ΋ͦ΋ Pull Request Λड͚෇͚Δ͔Ͳ͏͔ΛܾΊ͓ͯ͘ Pull Request Λड͚෇͚Δ৔߹ɺCLA (Contributor License Agreements) ΁ͷಉҙͷ֬ೝͳͲ͕ඞཁ CONTRIBUTING ϑΝΠϧͷ௥Ճ

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Pull Request ͷऔΓѻ͍ ϓϥΠϚϦͷϨϙδτϦ ΦʔϓϯιʔεͷϨϙδτϦΛͦͷ··ϓϥΠϚϦͱͯ͠ϥ ΠϒϥϦͷ։ൃʹ࢖͏৔߹͸໰୊͕ͳ͍ ։ൃʹ࢖͏ϨϙδτϦ͕ΦʔϓϯιʔεͷϨϙδτϦͰ͋Δ ͱ͸ݶΒͳ͍

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Pull Request ͷऔΓѻ͍ Mono Repo ͷ৔߹ ಛʹ Mono Repo (Monolitic Repository) Ͱ։ൃ͍ͯ͠Δ৔߹͸ ΦʔϓϯιʔεϨϙδτϦΛϓϥΠϚϦʹ͢Δͷ͕೉͍͠ Pull Request ͱɺ಺෦ͷ Mono Repo ͷมߋͷಉظ͕ඞཁʹͳ Δ

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Mono Repo Frameworks Open Source Library Sources Tests Applications Open Source Repo Sources Tests

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Mono Repo Open Source Repo Pull Request Contribution

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Pull Request ͷऔΓѻ͍ Pull Request ͷऔΓࠐΈ GitHub API Λ࢖ͬͯ Pull Request ͔Βίϛοτϝοηʔδͱ ύονΛ࡞Δ git apply --directory ͰύονΛద༻ͯ͠ίϛοτ ͢Δ

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Pull Request ͷऔΓѻ͍ Commit Author ֤ Commit ͷ Author Λҡ࣋͢Δ Pull Request ʹ͸ Author ͕ෳ਺ਓ͍Δ৔߹͕͋Δ ίϛοτϝοηʔδͰ Co-authored-by: name Λ࢖͏

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Mono Repo Open Source Repo Pull Request GitHub API Contribution Testing Application

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Pull Request ͷऔΓѻ͍ git format-patch, git am git format-patch Ͱ Mono Repo ͷಛఆͷσΟϨΫτϦ ಺ͷมߋͷύονΛ࡞੒ git am ͰύονΛΦʔϓϯιʔεͷϨϙδτϦʹద༻

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ϝϯςφϯεͷܭը ίϛοτνΣοΫ

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ίϛοτνΣοΫ λεΫͷछྨ Linting ΍ϑΥʔϚοτ Ϣχοτςετ υΩϡϝϯτੜ੒

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ίϛοτνΣοΫ CI؀ڥͷޓ׵ੑ ։ൃʹ͔ͭ͏ϨϙδτϦͱΦʔϓϯιʔεͷϨϙδτϦͰCI ͷ࣮ߦ؀ڥ͕ҟͳΔ৔߹΋͋Δ ίϛοτνΣοΫͷͦΕͧΕͷλεΫ͸ݸผʹ࣮ߦͰ͖ΔΑ ͏ʹ͓ͯ͘͠

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ίϛοτνΣοΫ GNU make ͷ׆༻ ίϛοτνΣοΫͷλεΫ͸ make ͷλʔήοτͱͯ͠هड़ ͓͖ͯ͠ɺ೚ҙͷ؀ڥͱλΠϛϯάͰ࣮ߦͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͯ͠ ͓͘ Python ΍ Ruby ʹґଘ͢ΔπʔϧΛ࢖͏৔߹͸ɺεΫϦϓτ ͷ࣮ߦ؀ڥΛִ཭͢ΔΑ͏ͳ࢓૊ΈΛಋೖ͢Δ VirtualEnv, Bundler ͳͲ

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GNU make 3.81?  Ruby 2.6?

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ϝϯςφϯεͷܭը ·ͱΊ Pull Request Λड͚෇͚Δ৔߹ɺͦͷͨΊͷखॱ΍λεΫͳ ͲΛ੔͓͑ͯ͘ ίϛοτνΣοΫͷλεΫΛ೚ҙͷ؀ڥͱλΠϛϯάͰ࣮ߦ Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͓ͯ͘͠

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ϓϩδΣΫτͷެ։

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ϓϩδΣΫτͷެ։ GitHub ࣄ্࣮ Swift Package Manager ͷσϑΥϧτͷϨδετϦ ಛผͳཧ༝ͳͲ͕ͳ͚Ε͹ GitHub Λར༻͢Ε͹ྑ͍

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ϓϩδΣΫτͷެ։ GitHub Actions macOS ͕࢖͑ΔͷͰɺίϛοτνΣοΫͷ Xcode Λ࢖ͬͨ λεΫ͕࣮ߦՄೳ Pull Request ΍ίϛοτͷ Push ͷࡍʹίϛοτνΣοΫΛ ࣮ߦ͢Δ GitHub Pages Λ࢖ͬͯੜ੒ͨ͠υΩϡϝϯτΛϗεςΟϯά

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ϓϩδΣΫτͷެ։ ISSUE_TEMPLATE ࣗ༝ʹهड़Ͱ͖Δ Issue ͸ҙਤ͕໌֬Ͱ͸ͳ͍৔߹͕͋Δ όάใࠂͷϑΥʔϚοτΛఆܕจͱͯ͠༻ҙ͓ͯ͘͠

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ϓϩδΣΫτͷެ։ PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE ಉ༷ʹ Pull Request ΋ࣗ༝ʹهड़Ͱ͖Δͱҙਤ͕໌֬Ͱ͸ͳ ͍৔߹͕͋Δ Pull Request ͸ͦͷ··ίϛοτϝοηʔδͱͯ͠ར༻Ͱ͖ ΔΑ͏ʹɺఆܕจΛ༻ҙ͓ͯ͘͠

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ϓϩδΣΫτͷެ։ ·ͱΊ Swift Package Manager ͷࣄ্࣮ͷσϑΥϧτͷϨδετϦ ͕ GitHub ͳͷͰɺGitHub Ͱެ։͢Δͷ͕ྑ͍ GitHub ActionsɺIssue ΍ Pull Request ͷఆܕจͷ࡞੒ͯ͠ ͓͘