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20th anniversary of Ubuntu and 20 years of Desktop Linux Mitsuya Shibata Ubuntu Japanese Team SOUM Corporation 2024-11-03 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 1 / 48

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About me • I’m a member of the Ubuntu Japanese LoCo team. • And member of Cross Distro Developer Camp (XDDC). • I work as an embedded engineer at SOUM Corp. in Japan. • At work, I use Debian and Ubuntu, and sometimes openSUSE. • I write various Ubuntu related Japanese articles. • Ubuntu Weekly Recipe: https://gihyo.jp/list/group/Ubuntu-Weekly-Recipe • Ubuntu 日和: https://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/column/ubuntu/ 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 2 / 48

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History of Ubuntu and Desktop Linux 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 3 / 48

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Do you know Ubuntu? Are you use Ubuntu? 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 4 / 48

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Do you know Ubuntu? Are you use openSUSE? 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 5 / 48

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20th anniversary of Ubuntu • It has now been 20 years since Ubuntu was introduced in October 2004. • Today, Ubuntu stands alongside openSUSE, RHEL, Debian, and other major Linux distributions. • Over these two decades, Linux has become ubiquitous in various environments. • Desktop Linux usage has been growing, albeit gradually. 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 6 / 48

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20th anniversary of Ubuntu • It has now been 20 years since Ubuntu was introduced in October 2004. • Today, Ubuntu stands alongside openSUSE, RHEL, Debian, and other major Linux distributions. • Over these two decades, Linux has become ubiquitous in various environments. • Desktop Linux usage has been growing, albeit gradually. 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 6 / 48

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20th anniversary of Ubuntu • It has now been 20 years since Ubuntu was introduced in October 2004. • Today, Ubuntu stands alongside openSUSE, RHEL, Debian, and other major Linux distributions. • Over these two decades, Linux has become ubiquitous in various environments. • Desktop Linux usage has been growing, albeit gradually. 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 6 / 48

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20th anniversary of Ubuntu • It has now been 20 years since Ubuntu was introduced in October 2004. • Today, Ubuntu stands alongside openSUSE, RHEL, Debian, and other major Linux distributions. • Over these two decades, Linux has become ubiquitous in various environments. • Desktop Linux usage has been growing, albeit gradually. 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 6 / 48

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20th anniversary of Ubuntu For example, according to StatCounter1, the share of Desktop Linux, which was 0.64% in January 2009, grew to 4.48% in Sep 2024, an approximately 7 times increase over 15 years. 1https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/desktop/worldwide/ 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 7 / 48

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20th anniversary of Ubuntu At this rate, it is expected that in 400 years, all desktop OS will be Linux. 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 8 / 48

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Let’s look back on the 20-year journey of Ubuntu and desktop Linux. 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 9 / 48

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Before Ubuntu’s Launch • In May 2002, Mark Shuttleworth did atmospheric re-entry. • Around June 2004, news of Ubuntu’s existence started to spread. • Back then, it was also known as “no-name-yet.com”. • On August 20, 2004, the first Ubuntu ticket was registered by Mark Shuttleworth1. • In September 2004, the “Ubuntu 4.10 Preview” was released. 1https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bug/1 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 10 / 48

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Before Ubuntu’s Launch • In May 2002, Mark Shuttleworth did atmospheric re-entry. • Around June 2004, news of Ubuntu’s existence started to spread. • Back then, it was also known as “no-name-yet.com”. • On August 20, 2004, the first Ubuntu ticket was registered by Mark Shuttleworth1. • In September 2004, the “Ubuntu 4.10 Preview” was released. 1https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bug/1 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 10 / 48

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Before Ubuntu’s Launch • In May 2002, Mark Shuttleworth did atmospheric re-entry. • Around June 2004, news of Ubuntu’s existence started to spread. • Back then, it was also known as “no-name-yet.com”. • On August 20, 2004, the first Ubuntu ticket was registered by Mark Shuttleworth1. • In September 2004, the “Ubuntu 4.10 Preview” was released. 1https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bug/1 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 10 / 48

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Before Ubuntu’s Launch • In May 2002, Mark Shuttleworth did atmospheric re-entry. • Around June 2004, news of Ubuntu’s existence started to spread. • Back then, it was also known as “no-name-yet.com”. • On August 20, 2004, the first Ubuntu ticket was registered by Mark Shuttleworth1. • In September 2004, the “Ubuntu 4.10 Preview” was released. 1https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bug/1 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 10 / 48

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Before Ubuntu’s Launch 1https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bug/1 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 10 / 48

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Before Ubuntu’s Launch • In May 2002, Mark Shuttleworth did atmospheric re-entry. • Around June 2004, news of Ubuntu’s existence started to spread. • Back then, it was also known as “no-name-yet.com”. • On August 20, 2004, the first Ubuntu ticket was registered by Mark Shuttleworth1. • In September 2004, the “Ubuntu 4.10 Preview” was released. 1https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bug/1 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 10 / 48

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What Other Operating Systems Existed in October 2004? • SuSE Linux 8.2 (not openSUSE yet) • Debian 3.0 “Woody” • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 “Taroon” • Fedora Core 2 “Heidelberg” • CentOS 3 • Slackware 10.0 • Gentoo Linux 2004.2 • Mandrake Linux 10.1 (a.k.a. Mandriva Linux) • Arch Linux (rolling release) • FreeBSD 5.x • OpenBSD 3.5 • NetBSD 1.6 • Solaris 9 • Windows XP 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 11 / 48

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Ubuntu 4.10 Warth Warthog 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 12 / 48

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Ubuntu 4.10 Warth Warthog • Released on October 20, 2024 • Key features: • Installable with just one CD • 18 months of security updates • Released every 6 months • Support for i386, amd64, and ppc • Initially aimed to be a “Debian that’s easy to install” • Additionally, physical CDs were distributed worldwide for free (ShipIt) 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 13 / 48

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Comparing Ubuntu 4.10 and 24.10 • Debian Installer ⇒Ubiquity (6.06) ⇒Ubuntu Desktop Installer (23.04) • Linux Kernel 2.6.8 ⇒6.11 • GNOME 2.8 ⇒47 • XFree86 4.3 ⇒X.Org (7.10) ⇒Wayland 1.23.0 (21.04) • Firefox 0.9 ⇒132.0 • OpenOffice.org 1.1.2 ⇒LibreOffice (11.04) ⇒LibreOffice 24.8 • SysV Init ⇒Upstart (6.10) ⇒systemd • GCC 3.3 ⇒14.2 • Python 2.3.4 ⇒3.12.7 ... and more! 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 14 / 48

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Growing Ubuntu community 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 15 / 48

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About the Ubuntu Japanese Loal Community (LoCo) Team • Established in 2005 primarily to improve the Japanese language environment • Released a Remix with Japanese support packages • Ubuntu release party is being held in Japan • The next event will be held on November 17th: • https://gree.connpass.com/event/332747/ • Evolution of Japanese input support: • IM: SCIM/6.06 ⇒IBus/9.10 (⇒Fcitx ⇒IBus) • IME: Anthy ⇒Mozc • Evolution of Japanese fonts: • IPA series ⇒Takao/10.04 ⇒Noto CJK/16.04 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 16 / 48

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Ubuntu release party is being held in Japan 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 17 / 48

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The first long term support: Ubuntu 6.06 LTS 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 18 / 48

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The first long term support: Ubuntu 6.06 LTS And Ubuntu 6.06 LTS is the only “Late To Ship” release in the history of Ubuntu. • Ubuquity: new Ubuntu installer • Merged Install CD and Live CD • out-of-the-box support for CJKV languages and locales • First Long Term support (LTS) release • 5 yeas for the server • 3 year for the desktop • Official flavour: Kubuntu (5.10) and Xubuntu (6.06) 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 19 / 48

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The first long term support: Ubuntu 6.06 LTS The new installer on 6.06, “Ubiquity”: 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 20 / 48

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Ubuntu as a Replacement for Windows • Windows Vista was released on January 30, 2007 • Ubuntu and other Linux distros were considered as alternatives to Vista • Enhanced features tailored for Windows users • Windows Migration • Wubi • Compiz as window decoration 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 21 / 48

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Ubuntu 8.04 LTS Hardy Heron Tha last Ubunu using brown and orange color theme: 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 22 / 48

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Rise of Cloud Services • In the late 2000s, Cloud Computing and SaaS began gaining popularity • Amazon EC2, Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure • Dropbox, Evernote, GitHub • Twitter, Facebook • Ubuntu One as a storage service • With web services, almost anything became possible online 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 23 / 48

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Netbooks as Mobile Computers • Around 2008, “Netbooks” became popular • A Netbook was a mobile device with a sub-notebook size and low-spec CPU for affordable internet access • At that time, running a web browser, email, and office suite fulfilled most general user needs • ASUS’s Eee PC sold well, leading to similar devices emerging in the market • Many Netbooks adopted Windows XP to keep costs low 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 24 / 48

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Netbooks as Mobile Computers • Ubuntu customized its UI for Netbooks • Ubuntu Netbook Remix • Ubuntu Netbook Edition • Ubuntu MID（Mobile Internet Device） Edition • Ubuntu Mobile and Embedded Edition • Additionally, efforts were made to reduce boot time • Targeting the “Inspiron Mini 9”, a goal was set to “boot in 10 seconds”. • Eventually, restarting became faster than suspending and resuming. 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 25 / 48

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Ubuntu 8.04 LTS Hardy Heron Tha last Ubuntu using brown and orange color theme: 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 26 / 48

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Ubuntu on Arm • Arm CPUs/SoCs was becoming more powerful • The iPhone 3GS in 2009 used a Cortex-A8 based processor. • Since 2008, Arm SoC single-board computers like the Beagle Board began to appear. • In 2010, Toshiba launched the Arm-based notebook, AC100. • The NetWalker was released in Japan in 2009 • A clamshell-style mobile device by Sharp. • Ubuntu 9.04 is preinstalled. • An Ubuntu machine available in consumer electronics stores! 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 27 / 48

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Ubuntu on Arm • Arm CPUs/SoCs was becoming more powerful • The iPhone 3GS in 2009 used a Cortex-A8 based processor. • Since 2008, Arm SoC single-board computers like the Beagle Board began to appear. • In 2010, Toshiba launched the Arm-based notebook, AC100. • The NetWalker was released in Japan in 2009 • A clamshell-style mobile device by Sharp. • Ubuntu 9.04 is preinstalled. • An Ubuntu machine available in consumer electronics stores! 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 27 / 48

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NetWalker 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 28 / 48

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Ubuntu on Arm • These Arm’s devices cannot boot Windows as they are. • The rise of smartphones • Popularity of Chromebooks • The era of Windows-only devices was over • In 2013, the first Ubuntu ticket was closed 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 29 / 48

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Ubuntu 10.04 LTS Lucid Lynx Theme color changed from orange to purple and the UI designed with the Netbook Remix in mind. 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 30 / 48

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The Unity Era 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 31 / 48

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Causion: There is not enough time to talk about Unity, even for a long talk. 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 32 / 48

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Beginning of the Unity Era “Unity Light” was announced in May 2010. • Lightweight and fast boot time • Designed with touchscreens as primary input devices • Moved the app switcher from the bottom to the left of the screen to match widescreen displays • Increased vertical screen space by adopting a global menu • Apps were generally shown in full-screen mode to maximize display use • Targeted at Netbooks 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 33 / 48

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Beginning of the Unity Era In October 2010, the decision was made to adopt Unity on desktops. • Unity became the default desktop shell in Ubuntu 11.04 • Full transition from GNOME 2 to GNOME 3 with Ubuntu 11.10 • Unity fully adopted in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 34 / 48

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Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin From 12.04, LTS for desktop versions also received 5-year support 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 35 / 48

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The Dream of Ubuntu Phone • In October 2011, development of Ubuntu for smartphones and smart devices was announced • In January 2012, a mockup of “Ubuntu TV” was released • January 2013: Introduction of Ubuntu Phone and Ubuntu Touch • “Third Mobile OS” era: Firefox OS, Sailfish OS, Tizen • March 2013: Announcement of the Mir display server • July 2013: Crowdfunding for the Ubuntu Edge smartphone began • February 2015: First Ubuntu Phone released 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 36 / 48

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The Dream of Ubuntu Phone • In October 2011, development of Ubuntu for smartphones and smart devices was announced • In January 2012, a mockup of “Ubuntu TV” was released • January 2013: Introduction of Ubuntu Phone and Ubuntu Touch • “Third Mobile OS” era: Firefox OS, Sailfish OS, Tizen • March 2013: Announcement of the Mir display server • July 2013: Crowdfunding for the Ubuntu Edge smartphone began • February 2015: First Ubuntu Phone released 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 36 / 48

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The Dream of Ubuntu Phone • In October 2011, development of Ubuntu for smartphones and smart devices was announced • In January 2012, a mockup of “Ubuntu TV” was released • January 2013: Introduction of Ubuntu Phone and Ubuntu Touch • “Third Mobile OS” era: Firefox OS, Sailfish OS, Tizen • March 2013: Announcement of the Mir display server • July 2013: Crowdfunding for the Ubuntu Edge smartphone began • February 2015: First Ubuntu Phone released 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 36 / 48

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The Dream of Ubuntu Phone • In October 2011, development of Ubuntu for smartphones and smart devices was announced • In January 2012, a mockup of “Ubuntu TV” was released • January 2013: Introduction of Ubuntu Phone and Ubuntu Touch • “Third Mobile OS” era: Firefox OS, Sailfish OS, Tizen • March 2013: Announcement of the Mir display server • July 2013: Crowdfunding for the Ubuntu Edge smartphone began • February 2015: First Ubuntu Phone released 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 36 / 48

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The Dream of Ubuntu Phone • In October 2011, development of Ubuntu for smartphones and smart devices was announced • In January 2012, a mockup of “Ubuntu TV” was released • January 2013: Introduction of Ubuntu Phone and Ubuntu Touch • “Third Mobile OS” era: Firefox OS, Sailfish OS, Tizen • March 2013: Announcement of the Mir display server • July 2013: Crowdfunding for the Ubuntu Edge smartphone began • February 2015: First Ubuntu Phone released 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 36 / 48

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The Dream of Ubuntu Phone • In October 2011, development of Ubuntu for smartphones and smart devices was announced • In January 2012, a mockup of “Ubuntu TV” was released • January 2013: Introduction of Ubuntu Phone and Ubuntu Touch • “Third Mobile OS” era: Firefox OS, Sailfish OS, Tizen • March 2013: Announcement of the Mir display server • July 2013: Crowdfunding for the Ubuntu Edge smartphone began • February 2015: First Ubuntu Phone released 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 36 / 48

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The Dream of Ubuntu Phone • In October 2011, development of Ubuntu for smartphones and smart devices was announced • In January 2012, a mockup of “Ubuntu TV” was released • January 2013: Introduction of Ubuntu Phone and Ubuntu Touch • “Third Mobile OS” era: Firefox OS, Sailfish OS, Tizen • March 2013: Announcement of the Mir display server • July 2013: Crowdfunding for the Ubuntu Edge smartphone began • February 2015: First Ubuntu Phone released 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 36 / 48

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Ubuntu Touch • A unified UI/UX experience from smart devices to desktops • UI redesigned with Unity using Qt/QML • Mir was used as the display server instead of Wayland • Android daemons also ran in containers • Click was adopted as the package management system 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 37 / 48

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Ubuntu Touch 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 38 / 48

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End of Ubuntu’s “Not Invited Here” • April 2017: Unexpected announcement to end Unity development • GNOME Shell returned in Ubuntu 17.10 • Outcomes of Ubuntu’s NIH syndrome • Unity ⇒GNOME Shell/17.10 • LightDM ⇒GDM/17.10 • Mir ⇒Wayland/17.10 (default on 21.04) • Upstart ⇒systemd/15.04 • Snaps ⇒(continuing) • App Center ⇒(continuing) 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 39 / 48

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Ubuntu Touch 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 40 / 48

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Microsoft Loves Linux • November 2006: Patent partnership between Novell and Microsoft • 2018: Windows allowing quick Ubuntu instance creation on Hyper-V with some clicks • March 2016: Introduction of Bash on Ubuntu (later WSL) • Now Ubuntu can be installed via Microsoft Store became possible • May 2020: Official release of WSL2 • Currently, Linux GUI apps are also supported WSLg 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 41 / 48

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Microsoft Loves Linux • Desktop Linux is an environment where Linux apps run. 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 42 / 48

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Microsoft Loves Linux • Desktop Linux is an environment where Linux apps run. • Linux software can run within Ubuntu on WSL. 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 42 / 48

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Microsoft Loves Linux • Desktop Linux is an environment where Linux apps run. • Linux software can run within Ubuntu on WSL. • With WSLg, Linux GUI apps can also be run within Ubuntu on WSL. 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 42 / 48

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Microsoft Loves Linux • Desktop Linux is an environment where Linux apps run. • Linux software can run within Ubuntu on WSL. • With WSLg, Linux GUI apps can also be run within Ubuntu on WSL. • WSL is a system componet of Windows. 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 42 / 48

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Microsoft Loves Linux • Desktop Linux is an environment where Linux apps run. • Linux software can run within Ubuntu on WSL. • With WSLg, Linux GUI apps can also be run within Ubuntu on WSL. • WSL is a system componet of Windows. Windows is a Desktop Linux environtment, isn’t it? 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 42 / 48

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Future of the Desktop Linux 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 43 / 48

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Evolution of the Desktop Linux Can I use my printer on the Linux? • Modern printer can print without specific driver via IPP Everywhere • Many applications support PDF output 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 44 / 48

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Evolution of the Desktop Linux Can I play a game as like Windows? • Advances in Windows compatibility with Steam and Proton • Many Windows games can play by Steam on Linux 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 45 / 48

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Evolution of the Desktop Linux Software I used on Windows doesn’t work • Many applications have moved to web browsers • There are still many that don’t work • High-quality Linux software like Blender has emerged • It’s now common to see “Linux binaries” for apps like Slack and Chrome 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 46 / 48

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Next for the “Desktop Linux” future • Universal Packaging System: • Flatpak • Snaps • AppImage • Immutable Desktop: more secure and reliable desktop • Fedora Silberblue • openSUSE Aeon • Ubuntu Core Desktop • New CPU archs and devices: • RISC-V • LoongArch • AI features?? 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 47 / 48

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Next for the “Desktop Linux” future • Universal Packaging System: • Flatpak • Snaps • AppImage • Immutable Desktop: more secure and reliable desktop • Fedora Silberblue • openSUSE Aeon • Ubuntu Core Desktop • New CPU archs and devices: • RISC-V • LoongArch • AI features?? 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 47 / 48

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Next for the “Desktop Linux” future • Universal Packaging System: • Flatpak • Snaps • AppImage • Immutable Desktop: more secure and reliable desktop • Fedora Silberblue • openSUSE Aeon • Ubuntu Core Desktop • New CPU archs and devices: • RISC-V • LoongArch • AI features?? 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 47 / 48

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Next for the “Desktop Linux” future • Universal Packaging System: • Flatpak • Snaps • AppImage • Immutable Desktop: more secure and reliable desktop • Fedora Silberblue • openSUSE Aeon • Ubuntu Core Desktop • New CPU archs and devices: • RISC-V • LoongArch • AI features?? 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 47 / 48

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Conclusion • Over the past 20 years, Ubuntu has evolved significantly. • Although there were failures along the way, it has remained a major distribution. • Desktop Linux has also advanced greatly during these 20 yeaas. • Nowadays, Desktop Linux is practical for everyone, from begineers to professionals. 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 48 / 48

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Conclusion • Over the past 20 years, Ubuntu has evolved significantly. • Although there were failures along the way, it has remained a major distribution. • Desktop Linux has also advanced greatly during these 20 yeaas. • Nowadays, Desktop Linux is practical for everyone, from begineers to professionals. 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 48 / 48

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Conclusion • Over the past 20 years, Ubuntu has evolved significantly. • Although there were failures along the way, it has remained a major distribution. • Desktop Linux has also advanced greatly during these 20 yeaas. • Nowadays, Desktop Linux is practical for everyone, from begineers to professionals. 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 48 / 48

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Conclusion • Over the past 20 years, Ubuntu has evolved significantly. • Although there were failures along the way, it has remained a major distribution. • Desktop Linux has also advanced greatly during these 20 yeaas. • Nowadays, Desktop Linux is practical for everyone, from begineers to professionals. 20th anniversary of Ubuntu , and , 20 years of Desktop Linux 2024-11-03 48 / 48