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introduction to Elixir

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Erlang compiles to bytecode

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Elixir is what would happen if Erlang, Clojure and Ruby somehow had a baby and it wasn't an accident Devin Torres

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Andrea Leopardi @whatyouhide

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metaprogramming tooling interop concurrency features

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features

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data structures

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199 "t-rex" :dr_manhattan [:red, :white, :blue] {:error, "nope"} %{hair: :red, weight: :high}

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immutability

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all data structures are immutable

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animals = ["lion", "table", "bear"] List.delete(animals, "table") animals #=> ["lion", "table", "bear"]

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data+functions

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data functions modules

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String.upcase("meh") m o d u l e f u n c t i o n d a t a

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defmodule String do def upcase(str) do # ... end end

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high-order functions

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doubler = fn(i) -> i * 2 end Enum.map([1, 2, 3], doubler) #=> [2, 4, 6]

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pattern matching

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= ≠ =

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match the structure of the data bind variables while doing that

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[first, second, third] = [ :houston, :austin, :dallas, ] first #=> :houston second #=> :austin

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[first, second, _] = [ :houston, :austin, :dallas, ] first #=> :houston second #=> :austin

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[first, second, _] = [ :houston, :austin, :dallas, :seattle, ] ** (MatchError)

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protocols

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à la Clojure

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JSON.encode(thing) defines API

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defprotocol JSON do def encode(thing) end

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JSON.encode(thing) dispatches to implementation

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defimpl JSON, for: Integer do def encode(i), do: # ... end

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concurrency

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Any sufficiently complicated concurrent program in another language contains an ad hoc informally-specified bug-ridden slow implementation of half of Erlang. Robert Virding

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spawn fn -> IO.puts "from another process" end

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not OSprocesses

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lightweight isolation message passing

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for _ <- 1..100_000 do spawn(fn -> :ok end) end lightweight

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animals = [:dog, :cat] spawn fn -> animals # it's a copy end isolation

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isolation per-process garbage collection!!!

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message passing the only way processes can communicate

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pid = spawn fn -> # ... end send pid, "a message" message passing

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spawn fn -> receive do msg -> :ok end end message passing

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spawn_monitor fn -> raise "die!" end receive do m -> m end #=> {:DOWN, ...} message passing

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actor model

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def loop(state) do receive do {from, :get} -> send(from, state) loop(state) {from, :put, new_state} -> loop(new_state) end end

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def loop(state) do receive do {from, :get} -> send(from, state) loop(state) {from, :put, new_state} -> loop(new_state) end end

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def loop(state) do receive do {from, :get} -> send(from, state) loop(state) {from, :put, new_state} -> loop(new_state) end end

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def loop(state) do receive do {from, :get} -> send(from, state) loop(state) {from, :put, new_state} -> loop(new_state) end end

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def loop(state) do receive do {from, :get} -> send(from, state) loop(state) {from, :put, new_state} -> loop(new_state) end end

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def loop(state) do receive do {from, :get} -> send(from, state) loop(state) {from, :put, new_state} -> loop(new_state) end end

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def loop(state) do receive do {from, :get} -> send(from, state) loop(state) {from, :put, new_state} -> loop(new_state) end end

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def loop(state) do receive do {from, :get} -> send(from, state) loop(state) {from, :put, new_state} -> loop(new_state) end end

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def loop(state) do receive do {from, :get} -> send(from, state) loop(state) {from, :put, new_state} -> loop(new_state) end end spawn(&loop/0)

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Node.spawn(node, fun)

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interop

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Elixir data structures are Erlang data structures

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lists:map(fun(X) -> X * 2 end, [1, 2, 3]). :lists.map(fn(x) -> x * 2 end, [1, 2, 3])

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:queue.in("customer1", :queue.new())

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tooling

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iex> 8 * 2 16 IEx

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mix new my_app compile test deps.get Mix

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test "math works!" do assert 1 + 1 end ExUnit

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Hey there, <%= name %>! EEx

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defp deps do [{:phoenix, "~> 1.0"}, {:ecto, "~> 1.0"}] end Hex

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so

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lots of companies use Elixir in prod it's awesome to work with thriving ecosystem, smart devs phoenix metaprogramming

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@whatyouhide