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αϜωΠϧϚελͱgo-thumber ͸Δ͔͞Μ / Shunsuke Michii αϜωΠϧม׵Night 2015-02-18

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͸Δ͔͞Μ / Shunsuke Michii • ͍ͭ΋͸ը૾഑৴ͱ͔ը૾पΓͱ͔΍ͬͯΔ • Fluentdͱ͔Kibanaͱ͔σʔλղੳ·ΘΓ΋΍ͬͯΔ • ࡢ೔͔ΒSwiftΛॻ͖࢝Ίͨʢۀ຿ʣ Infrastructure team at pixiv Inc., since 2012

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αϜωΠϧϚελͱgo-thumber • WebαʔϏεʹ͓͚Δը૾౤ߘػೳࣄྫ • ϦΫΤετ࣌ͷαϜωΠϧੜ੒ʹ͓͚Δ໰୊఺ • αϜωΠϧϚελ • JPEGʹ͓͚Δ໰୊ • go-thumber

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WebαʔϏεʹ͓͚Δ
 ը૾౤ߘػೳࣄྫ • ҰൠతͳCGMʹ͓͚Δ࿩ • ͨͿΜΑ͋͘Δߏ੒

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Application Creator Storage CDN Users • ը૾σʔλग़ྗ • ೖྗը૾ݕূ • อଘ • ഑৴

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Creator EC2 S3 CloudFront Users • ը૾σʔλग़ྗ • ೖྗը૾ݕূ • อଘ • ഑৴

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ࣄྫ:
 ΦϦδφϧը૾Λͦͷ··഑৴ • సૹྔ͕ΊͬͪΌ͓͓͍ • ը૾ͷಡΈࠐΈ͕஗͍ • σβΠϯΛ͋ͯΔͷ͕ͪΐͬͱେม • ͋ͱ͔ΒαϜωΠϧͭ͘Δͷ͕େม • αʔϏε͕େ͖͘ͳΔʹͭΕ͖ͯͭ͘ͳΔ

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Creator Application Storage CDN Users • ը૾σʔλग़ྗ • ೖྗը૾ݕূ • αϜωΠϧੜ੒ • ޙ͔Βੜ੒

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ࣄྫ:
 Ξοϓϩʔυ࣌ʹαϜωΠϧੜ੒ • Ξοϓϩʔυॲཧ͕େม • αΠζมߋ͢Δͷ͕େม • Ξοϓϩʔυ͢ΔϢʔβΛ଴ͨͤͳ͍Α͏ʹ
 ඇಉظॲཧʹͨ͠Γ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ

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Creator Application Storage CDN Users • ը૾σʔλग़ྗ • ೖྗը૾ݕূ Converter • ಈతੜ੒

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ࣄྫ:
 ϦΫΤετ࣌ʹαϜωΠϧੜ੒ • ฐࣾͰ͸ಈతม׵ͱݺ͹Ε͍ͯΔ • σβΠϯมߋ͕؆୯ • Ωϟογϡͯ͘͠ΕΕ͹ͦΜͳʹϦΫΤετ͸ͳ͍ • SMALLLIGHTɺTOFUͳͲ • ͍͍ͩͨΑͦ͞͏

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ϦΫΤετ࣌ͷ
 αϜωΠϧੜ੒ͰࠔΔ͜ͱ • ੜ੒ݩը૾ʹґଘ • ॲཧ͕໘౗

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ੜ੒ݩը૾ʹґଘ • PNGͩͬͨΓJPEGͩͬͨΓGIFͩͬͨΓ͢Δ • αΠζ͕ἧ͍ͬͯͳ͍ͷͰॲཧ࣌ؒ΍࢖༻ϝϞϦྔ͕
 όϥόϥ

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ॲཧ͕໘౗ • ͍ΖΜͳը૾ϑΥʔϚοτʹରԠ͠ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ • ൚༻తͳॲཧʹ͢Δͱॲཧ࣌ؒ΍ϝϞϦޮ཰ʹ໰୊ • εέʔϦϯάҎ֎ʹ΋Ϋϩοϐϯάͱ͔͋Δ • ImageMagickͰ͍͍ͩͨͰ͖Δ͚Ͳɺ
 ͦͷͭΒ͞͸͜ͷޙͩΕ͔ޠͬͯ͘ΕΔ͸ͣ

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αϜωΠϧϚελ • αϜωΠϧੜ੒ݩͱͳΔϚελը૾ • ϦΫΤετ࣌αϜωΠϧੜ੒ͷ໰୊Λ؇࿨͢Δ • ଞͷ͢΂ͯͷαϜωΠϧΑΓ΋Ͱ͔͍ʢ1200x1200ʣ • Ϋϩοϓͨ͠ը૾Λ༻ҙ͓ͯ͘͠

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௕೥ഓΘΕͨΫϩοϓٕज़ ԣ௕ͷը૾͸ը૾தԝΛΫϩοϓ ॎ௕ͷը૾͸ը૾্෦ΛΫϩοϓ ϝΠϯͱͳΔ෦෼͸
 ͍͍ͩͨਅΜதʹ͋Δ ॎ௕ͩͱ
 إͱ͔ϩΰͱ͔͸্ͷํʹ͋Δ

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௕೥ഓΘΕͨΫϩοϓٕज़ ਅΜதͰ੾ΓऔΔͱ͜͏ͳΔ ԣ௕ͷը૾͸ը૾্෦ΛΫϩοϓ ॎ௕ͩͱ
 إͱ͔ϩΰͱ͔͸্ͷํʹ͋Δ

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Creator Application Storage CDN Users • ը૾σʔλग़ྗ • ೖྗը૾ݕূ Converter • ಈతੜ੒ Thumbnail Master Thumbnail Master

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αϜωΠϧϚελΛجʹͨ͠
 αϜωΠϧը૾ੜ੒ • Ϛελը૾ʹ͸JPEGΛ࠾༻ • ༨ܭͳσʔλΛམͱ͓ͯ͘͠ • εέʔϦϯάσίʔυͰ͖ΔͷͰCPU/ϝϞϦ࢖༻ྔΛ࡟ݮ • ·͋JPEGʹ΋͍Ζ͍Ζͱ໰୊͕͋Δ

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JPEGʹ͓͚Δ໰୊ • ૬ޓޓ׵༻ϑΥʔϚοτͰ͋ΔJIF͕ඪ४Խ͞Ε͕ͨ
 ৭ʑͱൈ͚͍ͯͨ • ΧϥʔϞσϧͱ͔αϒαϯϓϦϯάͱ͔ॏཁͳࣄ͕
 ܾ·͍ͬͯͳ͍ • த਎͕RGBͰ΋ྑ͍͠ɺCMYKͰ΋ྑ͍͠ɺ
 ΞϧϑΝνϟϯωϧ͕͋ͬͯ΋ྑ͍͠ԿͰ΋͋Γ

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JPEG/JFIF • APP0-JFIFϔομʹඞཁͳ৘ใΛೖΕΔ͜ͱʹܾΊͨ • ΧϥʔϞσϧΛY’CbCrʹܾΊͨ
 (ITU-R BT.601Λ0-255ʹม׵ͨ͠΍ͭ) • ίϯϙʔωϯτ͸3ͭͰͦΕͧΕYɺCbɺCrͱܾΊͨ • αϒαϯϓϦϯάൺΛ4छྨʹܾΊͨ

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JPEG/EXIF • ೔ຊͷσδΧϝ԰͞Μ͕ඞཁ֦ͩͬͨுΛߦͬͨ • JFIFΛϕʔεʹΧϥʔϞσϧ͚ͩͰͳ͘৭ۭؒΛѻ͏
 ͨΊΧϥʔϓϩϑΝΠϧΛ࢖͑ΔΑ͏ʹͨ͠ • APP1-EXIFϔομʹTIFFϑΥʔϚοτͰ֨ೲͯ͋͠Δ:
 ଏʹEXIF৘ใͱݺ͹ΕΔͷ͸͜Ε

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JPEG/EXIFʹ͓͚Δ໰୊ • ϒϥ΢β͕ICCϓϩϑΝΠϧΛղऍͨ͠Γ
 ICCϓϩϑΝΠϧ͸ղऍ͢ΔͷʹϞχλͷϓϩϑΝΠϧ͸
 ແࢹͨ͠Γ͢Δ • Ϣʔβ͕sRGBͰӾཡͯ͠Δͷʹ
 ग़ྗ࣌ʹAdobe RGBϓϩϑΝΠϧΛೖΕͨΓ͢Δ
 ʢը૾͕৭᧙ͤͯݟ͑ΔݪҼʣ • ݁ہͲ͏ѻͬͨΒྑ͍͔Α͘Θ͔Βͳ͍

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CMYK JPEG
 දࣔग़དྷͳ͍໰୊ • App1 EXIFʹؚ·Ε͍ͯΔTIFF৘ใͷColorSpace͕CMYK ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ΋ͷʢଏʹCMYK JPEGͱݺͿʣ • Ұ෦ϒϥ΢βͰදࣔͰ͖ͳ͔ͬͨʢࠓ͸େৎ෉ʁʣ • ฐࣾͰ͸Ұ୴PNGʹॻ͖ग़͢ṖίʔυͰ͜ͷ৘ใΛ࡟আ
 ʢϫʔΫΞϥ΢ϯυʣ

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ṖίʔυͲ͏ʹ͔͍ͨ͠ // ========================================= // CMYK形式の画像をRGB形式に変換する // 劣化およびディスクI/Oによる負荷を最小限にするため // 一旦PNGに変換してからJPEGに変換する // ========================================= public static function cmyk2rgb($image, $tmp_name) { // Workaround for TransformImageColorspace() bug // // It means same below: // // $image->setImageColorspace(Imagick::COLORSPACE_RGB); // $image->setImageFormat('PNG'); $image->setImageCompressionQuality(75); $image->readImageBlob($image->getImageBlob()); $image->setImageFormat('JPEG'); $image->setImageCompressionQuality(100); $image->writeImage($tmp_name); }

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JPEGʹ͓͚Δ৭ۭؒ • ࠞಉ͞Ε͕͚ͪͩͲEXIF৘ใͷColorSpace͸
 JPEGͷූ߸Խʹ༻͍ΒΕ͍ͯΔ৭ۭؒʢΧϥʔϞσϧʣ
 ͱ͸ҧ͏ • JPEG/JFIFɺJPEG/EXIFͱ΋ʹΧϥʔϞσϧͱͯ͠࢖༻Ͱ͖ Δ৭ۭؒ͸YCbCr͚ͩ • APP12-AdobeϔομͰRGBͱ͔CMYKͱ͔YCCKͷ
 ΧϥʔϞσϧΛ࢖͑Δ͚Ͳࠓ͸ܹϨΞ

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Ͳ͏͢Ε͹Α͍ͷ͔ • ΧϥʔϚωδϝϯτͰ͖ΔΤϯδχΞ͕ෆࡏ • ϓϩϑΝΠϧΛਖ਼͘͠ѻ͍͍͚ͨͲ
 Ϣʔβ؀ڥ͕ͦ͏ͳͬͯͳ͍ • ImageMagick͕Ͳ͏ͳͬͯΔ͔Α͘Θ͔Βͳ͍ʢఘΊʣ

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αϜωΠϧϚελͰ
 ͜ΕΒͷ໰୊Λ؇࿨͢Δ • αϜωΠϧੜ੒࣌ʹ͍ΖΜͳ͜ͱߟ͑Δͷ͸໘౗ • JPEG/JFIFޓ׵ͷJPEGΛ͓ͭͬͯ͘͘ • EXIF৘ใΛ࡟আ • ΧϥʔϞσϧ͸sRGB • ICCϓϩϑΝΠϧ͸ߟྀͯ͠ͳ͍͚ͲͲ͏ʹ͔͍ͨ͠

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αϜωΠϧϚελΛ
 ࢖͏͜ͱͰॲཧΛޮ཰Խ͢Δ • αϜωΠϧੜ੒࣌ʹ͍Ζ͍ΖͳࣄΛߟ͑ͳͯ͘ྑ͍ • ೖྗը૾͸JPEG͚ͩ • ग़ྗ΋ͱΓ͋͑ͣJPEGͰྑ͍ • ෆཁͳ৘ใ͸͢Ͱʹআڈͯ͠JPEG/JFIFޓ׵

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go-thumber • αϜωΠϧϚελ͔ΒͷαϜωΠϧੜ੒͚ͩΛߟ͑ͯ ઃܭ͞ΕͨαϜωΠϧੜ੒ϓϩΩγ • @marcan42͕਺िؒͰͭͬͨ͘ • YCbCrσʔλҎ֎͸͢΂ͯύεεϧʔ͢ΔͷͰ
 EXIFͰ΋େৎ෉ https://github.com/pixiv/go-thumber

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ϓϩΩγʹͳͬͯΔͷͰ؆୯ GET http://localhost:8000/w=128,h=128,q=95/upstream.example.com/example.jpg w: ੜ੒͢ΔαϜωΠϧͷ࠷େ෯ (required) h: ੜ੒͢ΔαϜωΠϧͷ࠷େߴ͞ (required) q: JPEG quality (default 90) u: ࢦఆαΠζΑΓখ͔ͬͨ͞ΒΞοϓεέʔϧ(Ҿ͖Ԇ͹͠)͢Δ͔Ͳ͏͔ (default 1) a: ΞεϖΫτΛΩʔϓ͢Δ͔Ͳ͏͔ (default 1) o: JPEGͷoptimizeΛߦ͏ (default 0) p: μ΢ϯαϯϓϦϯάϑΝΫλ (default 2)

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go-thumber͸΍͍ • LibJPEGv6 APIΛੜͰୟ͍ͯYCbCrσʔλΛऔಘɺॻ͖ࠐΈ
 ʢlibjpeg-turboΛ࢖༻ʣ • LibswscaleʹΑΔImageMagickͱಉਫ਼౓͔ͭߴ଎ͳ
 εέʔϦϯάॲཧ

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ϕϯνϚʔΫ • Tecnick’s public test imagesͷը૾Λ256x256pxʹॖখ͢Δ • ຊ౰͸Πϥετը૾ͷςετηοτ͕ग़དྷΔͱྑ͍͚Ͳ
 ݖརपΓ͕໘౗ • mod_smalllight(ImageMagickɺImlib2)ͱൺֱ • Apacheͷνϡʔχϯά͸͋Μ·͕Μ͹ͬͯͳ͍ • εέʔϦϯάσίʔυ͸༗ޮ

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Resize to 256x256px Benchmark (quality=99) Requests per second 0 25 50 75 100 125 Numbers of Connections 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 smallight(imlib2) go-thumber smalllight(magick) εϧʔϓοτͷൺֱ

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Mean of Latency (size=256x256, quality=99) Mean of Latency (ms) 0 50 100 150 200 Numbers of Connections 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 smalllight(magick) go-thumber smallight(imlib2) ฏۉॲཧ஗Ԇͷൺֱ

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go-thumber͸΍͍ • imlib2Λ࢖ͬͨ৔߹ʹඖఢ͢Δ଎͞ • ͡Ό͋៉ྷͳͷʁ

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ϒϥΠϯυςετΛ΍ͬͨ • Ή͔͠ࢹ֮৺ཧ࣮ݧͱ͔΍ͬͨ͜ͱ͋ͬͨͷͰͳΜͱͳ͘ ΍ͬͯΈͨ • ࣾ಺νϟοτʹ౤͛ͨͱ͜ΖՋͦ͏ͳΤϯδχΞ͕ࢀՃ • ࣮ݧ৚݅ͳͲ͸͋·Γߟ͑ͯͳ͍

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͜Μͳͷ

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݁Ռ දࣔճ਺ બ୒͞Εͨճ਺ બ୒͞Εׂͨ߹ SMALLLIGHT(imlib2) 467 58 8.2% SMALLLIGHT(ImageMagick) 466 275 39.3% go-thumber 467 367 52.4% • Ϣʔβʔ͕៉ྷͰ͋Δͱબ୒ͨ͠ճ਺ • go-thumberͰੜ੒͞ΕͨαϜωΠϧ͕࠷΋ଟ͘બ୒͞Εͨ

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go-thumberͷѹউ • ImageMagickͱಉ͡ϑΟϧλΛ༻͍͍ͯΔͷʹԿނ͔ • ΋ͪΖΜΧϥΫϦ͕͋Δ

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• LibJPEGͰ͸1/1ʙ1/8ͷ޷͖ͳεέʔϧͰσίʔυग़དྷΔ • go-thumberͰ͸ੜ੒͢ΔαϜωΠϧαΠζͷ2ഒʢp=2ʣ • ImageMagickͰ΋αϜωΠϧαΠζͷ2ഒΛࢦఆ͢Ε͹
 ಉ͘͡Β͍៉ྷʹͳΔ͸ͣ • ৄ͘͠͸go-thumberͷREADME.mdʹॻ͍ͯ͋Δ εέʔϦϯάσίʔυͷ
 αΠζ࠷దԽ

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αϜωΠϧϚελͱgo-thumber • αϜωΠϧϚελʹ͍Ζ͍Ζͳ໰୊Λԡ͠ࠐΉ͜ͱͰ ϦΫΤετ࣌ͷαϜωΠϧੜ੒Λ؆୯ʹͨ͠ • go-thumber͕҆ఆͯ͠ΔͷͰ͏·͍ͬͯ͘Δ • ࣍͸: webp-thumberʁ