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Guillaume Laforge 
 @glaforge Groovy in 2014 and beyond

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Guillaume  Laforge Groovy project lead at . ! @glaforge http://glaforge.appspot.com

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Groovy 2.2 Part 1

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Implicit closure coercion Java 8 style :-)

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Implicit closure coercion !6 interface  Predicate  {          boolean  test(something)   }   ! List  filter(List  l,  Predicate  p)  {          l.findAll  {  p.test(it)  }   }   ! filter([1,  2,  3,  4],  {  it  >  2  }  as  Predicate)   ! filter([1,  2,  3,  4],  {  it  >  2  })   ! filter([1,  2,  3,  4])  {  it  >  2  }

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Implicit closure coercion !6 interface  Predicate  {          boolean  test(something)   }   ! List  filter(List  l,  Predicate  p)  {          l.findAll  {  p.test(it)  }   }   ! filter([1,  2,  3,  4],  {  it  >  2  }  as  Predicate)   ! filter([1,  2,  3,  4],  {  it  >  2  })   ! filter([1,  2,  3,  4])  {  it  >  2  } « Functional » interface

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Implicit closure coercion !6 interface  Predicate  {          boolean  test(something)   }   ! List  filter(List  l,  Predicate  p)  {          l.findAll  {  p.test(it)  }   }   ! filter([1,  2,  3,  4],  {  it  >  2  }  as  Predicate)   ! filter([1,  2,  3,  4],  {  it  >  2  })   ! filter([1,  2,  3,  4])  {  it  >  2  } « Functional » interface A bit verbose?

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Implicit closure coercion !6 interface  Predicate  {          boolean  test(something)   }   ! List  filter(List  l,  Predicate  p)  {          l.findAll  {  p.test(it)  }   }   ! filter([1,  2,  3,  4],  {  it  >  2  }  as  Predicate)   ! filter([1,  2,  3,  4],  {  it  >  2  })   ! filter([1,  2,  3,  4])  {  it  >  2  } « Functional » interface A bit verbose? Implicit closure coercion

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Implicit closure coercion !6 interface  Predicate  {          boolean  test(something)   }   ! List  filter(List  l,  Predicate  p)  {          l.findAll  {  p.test(it)  }   }   ! filter([1,  2,  3,  4],  {  it  >  2  }  as  Predicate)   ! filter([1,  2,  3,  4],  {  it  >  2  })   ! filter([1,  2,  3,  4])  {  it  >  2  } (it)  -­‐>  it  >  2 « Functional » interface A bit verbose? Implicit closure coercion

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Implicit closure coercion !6 interface  Predicate  {          boolean  test(something)   }   ! List  filter(List  l,  Predicate  p)  {          l.findAll  {  p.test(it)  }   }   ! filter([1,  2,  3,  4],  {  it  >  2  }  as  Predicate)   ! filter([1,  2,  3,  4],  {  it  >  2  })   ! filter([1,  2,  3,  4])  {  it  >  2  } (it)  -­‐>  it  >  2 « Functional » interface Works with single abstract method classes too A bit verbose? Implicit closure coercion

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AST transforms @Memoized @Log4j2

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Memoized AST transformation • Piggypack on Closure’s own memoization support !8 import  groovy.transform.Memoized   ! @Memoized  int  expensiveOp(int  a,  int  b)  {          sleep  1000          return  a  +  b   }   ! expensiveOp(1,  2)   ! expensiveOp(1,  2)

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Memoized AST transformation • Piggypack on Closure’s own memoization support !8 import  groovy.transform.Memoized   ! @Memoized  int  expensiveOp(int  a,  int  b)  {          sleep  1000          return  a  +  b   }   ! expensiveOp(1,  2)   ! expensiveOp(1,  2) First call takes 1 s

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Memoized AST transformation • Piggypack on Closure’s own memoization support !8 import  groovy.transform.Memoized   ! @Memoized  int  expensiveOp(int  a,  int  b)  {          sleep  1000          return  a  +  b   }   ! expensiveOp(1,  2)   ! expensiveOp(1,  2) First call takes 1 s Subsequent calls return immediately from the cache

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Memoized AST transformation !9 import  groovy.transform.Memoized   ! @Memoized   long  fib(long  n)  {          n  <  2  ?  1  :  fib(n-­‐1)  +  fib(n-­‐2)   }   ! fib(40)

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Memoized AST transformation !9 import  groovy.transform.Memoized   ! @Memoized   long  fib(long  n)  {          n  <  2  ?  1  :  fib(n-­‐1)  +  fib(n-­‐2)   }   ! fib(40) Handy to cache recursive call results!

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Memoized AST transformation !9 import  groovy.transform.Memoized   ! @Memoized   long  fib(long  n)  {          n  <  2  ?  1  :  fib(n-­‐1)  +  fib(n-­‐2)   }   ! fib(40) Handy to cache recursive call results! Instantaneous result

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Memoized AST transformation !10 fib(7) fib(5) fib(6) fib(3) fib(4) fib(4) fib(5) fib(1) fib(2) fib(2) fib(3) fib(2) fib(3) fib(3) fib(4) … … …

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Memoized AST transformation !11 fib(7) fib(5) fib(6) fib(3) fib(4) fib(4) fib(5) fib(1) fib(2) fib(2) fib(3) fib(2) fib(3) fib(3) fib(4) … … …

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Memoized AST transformation !12 fib(7) fib(5) fib(6) fib(3) fib(4) fib(4) fib(5) fib(1) fib(2) fib(2) fib(3) fib(2) fib(3) fib(3) fib(4) … … …

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Memoized AST transformation !13 fib(7) fib(5) fib(6) fib(3) fib(4) fib(4) fib(5) fib(1) fib(2) fib(2) fib(3) fib(2) fib(3) fib(3) fib(4) … … …

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Memoized AST transformation !14 fib(7) fib(5) fib(6) fib(3) fib(4) fib(4) fib(5) fib(1) fib(2) fib(2) fib(3) fib(2) fib(3) fib(3) fib(4) … … …

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Memoized AST transformation !15 fib(7) fib(5) fib(6) fib(3) fib(4) fib(4) fib(5) fib(1) fib(2) fib(2) fib(3) fib(2) fib(3) fib(3) fib(4) … … …

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Memoized AST transformation !16 fib(7) fib(5) fib(6) fib(3) fib(4) fib(4) fib(5) fib(1) fib(2) fib(2) fib(3) fib(2) fib(3) fib(3) fib(4) … … …

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 … … … @Memoized AST transformation !17 fib(7) fib(5) fib(6) fib(3) fib(4) fib(4) fib(5) fib(1) fib(2) fib(2) fib(3) fib(2) fib(3) fib(3) fib(4)

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 … … … @Memoized AST transformation !17 fib(7) fib(5) fib(6) fib(3) fib(4) fib(4) fib(5) fib(1) fib(2) fib(2) fib(3) fib(2) fib(3) fib(3) fib(4) Already calculated, in cache!

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Memoized AST transformation !18 fib(7) fib(5) fib(6) fib(3) fib(4) fib(4) fib(5) fib(1) fib(2) fib(2) fib(3) fib(2) fib(3) fib(3) fib(4) … … …

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Memoized AST transformation !19 fib(7) fib(5) fib(6) fib(3) fib(4) fib(4) fib(5) fib(1) fib(2) fib(2) fib(3) fib(2) fib(3) fib(3) fib(4) … … …

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Memoized AST transformation !20 fib(7) fib(5) fib(6) fib(3) fib(4) fib(4) fib(5) fib(1) fib(2) fib(2) fib(3) fib(2) fib(3) fib(3) fib(4) … … …

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Memoized AST transformation !21 fib(7) fib(5) fib(6) fib(3) fib(4) fib(4) fib(5) fib(1) fib(2) fib(2) fib(3) fib(2) fib(3) fib(3) fib(4) … … …

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Memoized AST transformation !21 fib(7) fib(5) fib(6) fib(3) fib(4) fib(4) fib(5) fib(1) fib(2) fib(2) fib(3) fib(2) fib(3) fib(3) fib(4) Much less computation, no abysmal call stack … … …

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Log4j2 @Log variant !22 import  groovy.util.logging.Log4j2   ! @Log4j2   class  MyClass  {          void  doSomething()  {                  log.info  "did  something  groovy  today!"          }   }

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Log4j2 @Log variant !22 import  groovy.util.logging.Log4j2   ! @Log4j2   class  MyClass  {          void  doSomething()  {                  log.info  "did  something  groovy  today!"          }   } Just like our other logger implementations, but for Log4j2

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Log4j2 @Log variant !22 import  groovy.util.logging.Log4j2   ! @Log4j2   class  MyClass  {          void  doSomething()  {                  log.info  "did  something  groovy  today!"          }   } Just like our other logger implementations, but for Log4j2 Log, log, log away…

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Choose which delegated methods to use !23 class  Event  {          @Delegate(excludes  =  ['after'])    Date  start          @Delegate(excludes  =  ['before'])  Date  end          String  description   }   ! def  today        =  new  Date().clearTime()   def  nextWeek  =  today  +  7   ! def  event  =  new  Event(description:  'Groovy  conference',                                                          start:  nextWeek,                                                              end:  nextWeek  +  2)   ! assert  event.before(nextWeek  +  1)   assert  !event.before(nextWeek  -­‐  1)   assert  !event.before(today)   ! assert  event.after(today)   assert  event.after(nextWeek  +  1)   assert  !event.after(nextWeek  +  3)

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Choose which delegated methods to use !23 class  Event  {          @Delegate(excludes  =  ['after'])    Date  start          @Delegate(excludes  =  ['before'])  Date  end          String  description   }   ! def  today        =  new  Date().clearTime()   def  nextWeek  =  today  +  7   ! def  event  =  new  Event(description:  'Groovy  conference',                                                          start:  nextWeek,                                                              end:  nextWeek  +  2)   ! assert  event.before(nextWeek  +  1)   assert  !event.before(nextWeek  -­‐  1)   assert  !event.before(today)   ! assert  event.after(today)   assert  event.after(nextWeek  +  1)   assert  !event.after(nextWeek  +  3) Exclude certain methods from being delegated

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Choose which delegated methods to use !23 class  Event  {          @Delegate(excludes  =  ['after'])    Date  start          @Delegate(excludes  =  ['before'])  Date  end          String  description   }   ! def  today        =  new  Date().clearTime()   def  nextWeek  =  today  +  7   ! def  event  =  new  Event(description:  'Groovy  conference',                                                          start:  nextWeek,                                                              end:  nextWeek  +  2)   ! assert  event.before(nextWeek  +  1)   assert  !event.before(nextWeek  -­‐  1)   assert  !event.before(today)   ! assert  event.after(today)   assert  event.after(nextWeek  +  1)   assert  !event.after(nextWeek  +  3) Exclude certain methods from being delegated Delegate to start date

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Choose which delegated methods to use !23 class  Event  {          @Delegate(excludes  =  ['after'])    Date  start          @Delegate(excludes  =  ['before'])  Date  end          String  description   }   ! def  today        =  new  Date().clearTime()   def  nextWeek  =  today  +  7   ! def  event  =  new  Event(description:  'Groovy  conference',                                                          start:  nextWeek,                                                              end:  nextWeek  +  2)   ! assert  event.before(nextWeek  +  1)   assert  !event.before(nextWeek  -­‐  1)   assert  !event.before(today)   ! assert  event.after(today)   assert  event.after(nextWeek  +  1)   assert  !event.after(nextWeek  +  3) Exclude certain methods from being delegated Delegate to start date Delegate to end date

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Base script classes Delegation Annotation-driven base class DelegatingScript @DelegatesTo refinement

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Annotation-driven base script class definition !25 import  groovy.transform.BaseScript   ! abstract  class  DeclaredBaseScript  extends  Script  {          int  meaningOfLife  =  42   }

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Annotation-driven base script class definition !25 import  groovy.transform.BaseScript   ! abstract  class  DeclaredBaseScript  extends  Script  {          int  meaningOfLife  =  42   } Your own Script class extension

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Annotation-driven base script class definition !25 import  groovy.transform.BaseScript   ! abstract  class  DeclaredBaseScript  extends  Script  {          int  meaningOfLife  =  42   } @BaseScript  DeclaredBaseScript  baseScript   ! assert  meaningOfLife  ==  42 Your own Script class extension

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Annotation-driven base script class definition !25 import  groovy.transform.BaseScript   ! abstract  class  DeclaredBaseScript  extends  Script  {          int  meaningOfLife  =  42   } @BaseScript  DeclaredBaseScript  baseScript   ! assert  meaningOfLife  ==  42 Declare a variable annotated with @BaseScript, whose type is a subclass of Script Your own Script class extension

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 DelegatingScript new base script class • Special base script class to delegate method calls and property accesses to a custom object !26 name  =  "Guillaume"   sayHi() class  Person  {          String  name   !        void  sayHi()  {                  println  "Hi  $name"          }   }

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 DelegatingScript new base script class • Special base script class to delegate method calls and property accesses to a custom object !26 name  =  "Guillaume"   sayHi() class  Person  {          String  name   !        void  sayHi()  {                  println  "Hi  $name"          }   } Your script

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 DelegatingScript new base script class • Special base script class to delegate method calls and property accesses to a custom object !26 name  =  "Guillaume"   sayHi() class  Person  {          String  name   !        void  sayHi()  {                  println  "Hi  $name"          }   } Your script Delegate property access and method call to this custom class

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 DelegatingScript new base script class • Special base script class to delegate method calls and property accesses to a custom object !26 name  =  "Guillaume"   sayHi() class  Person  {          String  name   !        void  sayHi()  {                  println  "Hi  $name"          }   } Your script Delegate property access and method call to this custom class How do I do that?

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 DelegatingScript new base script class !27 def  cc  =  new  CompilerConfiguration()   cc.scriptBaseClass  =  DelegatingScript.class.name   ! def  sh  =  new  GroovyShell(cc)   def  script  =  sh.parse(file)   ! def  p  =  new  Person()   script.setDelegate(p)   script.run()   ! assert  p.name  ==  "Guillaume"

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 DelegatingScript new base script class !27 def  cc  =  new  CompilerConfiguration()   cc.scriptBaseClass  =  DelegatingScript.class.name   ! def  sh  =  new  GroovyShell(cc)   def  script  =  sh.parse(file)   ! def  p  =  new  Person()   script.setDelegate(p)   script.run()   ! assert  p.name  ==  "Guillaume" Specify DelegatingScript base class

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 DelegatingScript new base script class !27 def  cc  =  new  CompilerConfiguration()   cc.scriptBaseClass  =  DelegatingScript.class.name   ! def  sh  =  new  GroovyShell(cc)   def  script  =  sh.parse(file)   ! def  p  =  new  Person()   script.setDelegate(p)   script.run()   ! assert  p.name  ==  "Guillaume" Specify DelegatingScript base class Parse the script

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 DelegatingScript new base script class !27 def  cc  =  new  CompilerConfiguration()   cc.scriptBaseClass  =  DelegatingScript.class.name   ! def  sh  =  new  GroovyShell(cc)   def  script  =  sh.parse(file)   ! def  p  =  new  Person()   script.setDelegate(p)   script.run()   ! assert  p.name  ==  "Guillaume" Specify DelegatingScript base class Parse the script Define the delegate

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 DelegatingScript new base script class !27 def  cc  =  new  CompilerConfiguration()   cc.scriptBaseClass  =  DelegatingScript.class.name   ! def  sh  =  new  GroovyShell(cc)   def  script  =  sh.parse(file)   ! def  p  =  new  Person()   script.setDelegate(p)   script.run()   ! assert  p.name  ==  "Guillaume" Specify DelegatingScript base class Parse the script Define the delegate Run the script

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 DelegatingScript new base script class !27 def  cc  =  new  CompilerConfiguration()   cc.scriptBaseClass  =  DelegatingScript.class.name   ! def  sh  =  new  GroovyShell(cc)   def  script  =  sh.parse(file)   ! def  p  =  new  Person()   script.setDelegate(p)   script.run()   ! assert  p.name  ==  "Guillaume" Specify DelegatingScript base class Parse the script Define the delegate Run the script Be Happy!

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @DelegatesTo with generics type tokens • @DelegatesTo help the type checker & IDEs provide better support for DSL using closure delegation !28 @groovy.transform.InheritConstructors   class  MyList  extends  LinkedList  {}   ! public    Object  map(              @DelegatesTo.Target  List  target,              @DelegatesTo(genericTypeIndex  =  0)  Closure  arg)  {          arg.delegate  =  target.join('')          arg()   }   ! def  test()  {          map(new  MyList(['f',  'o',  'o']))  {                  assert  toUpperCase()  ==  'FOO'          }   }

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @DelegatesTo with generics type tokens • @DelegatesTo help the type checker & IDEs provide better support for DSL using closure delegation !28 @groovy.transform.InheritConstructors   class  MyList  extends  LinkedList  {}   ! public    Object  map(              @DelegatesTo.Target  List  target,              @DelegatesTo(genericTypeIndex  =  0)  Closure  arg)  {          arg.delegate  =  target.join('')          arg()   }   ! def  test()  {          map(new  MyList(['f',  'o',  'o']))  {                  assert  toUpperCase()  ==  'FOO'          }   } We want to delegate to the token type T

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @DelegatesTo with generics type tokens • @DelegatesTo help the type checker & IDEs provide better support for DSL using closure delegation !28 @groovy.transform.InheritConstructors   class  MyList  extends  LinkedList  {}   ! public    Object  map(              @DelegatesTo.Target  List  target,              @DelegatesTo(genericTypeIndex  =  0)  Closure  arg)  {          arg.delegate  =  target.join('')          arg()   }   ! def  test()  {          map(new  MyList(['f',  'o',  'o']))  {                  assert  toUpperCase()  ==  'FOO'          }   } We want to delegate to the token type T We define the index of the type token

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @DelegatesTo with generics type tokens • @DelegatesTo help the type checker & IDEs provide better support for DSL using closure delegation !28 @groovy.transform.InheritConstructors   class  MyList  extends  LinkedList  {}   ! public    Object  map(              @DelegatesTo.Target  List  target,              @DelegatesTo(genericTypeIndex  =  0)  Closure  arg)  {          arg.delegate  =  target.join('')          arg()   }   ! def  test()  {          map(new  MyList(['f',  'o',  'o']))  {                  assert  toUpperCase()  ==  'FOO'          }   } We want to delegate to the token type T We define the index of the type token This is String’s toUpperCase() method

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Type checking extensions Precompilation New events Dynamic calls

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Type checking extensions — precompilation • Custom type checking extensions can work with compiled extensions as well !30 @TypeChecked(extensions  =  'com.enterprise.MyDslExtension')   void  myBusinessMethod()  {          //  ...   }

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Type checking extensions — precompilation • Custom type checking extensions can work with compiled extensions as well !30 @TypeChecked(extensions  =  'com.enterprise.MyDslExtension')   void  myBusinessMethod()  {          //  ...   } Fully qualified name of the extension class

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Type checking extensions — precompilation • Custom type checking extensions can work with compiled extensions as well !30 @TypeChecked(extensions  =  'com.enterprise.MyDslExtension')   void  myBusinessMethod()  {          //  ...   } Fully qualified name of the extension class Here, your statically type checked DSL code!

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Type checking extensions — new events !31 incompatibleReturnType  {  returnStmt,  inferredReturnType  -­‐>          if  (inferredReturnType  ==  STRING_TYPE)  {                  handled  =  true          }   }

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Type checking extensions — new events !31 incompatibleReturnType  {  returnStmt,  inferredReturnType  -­‐>          if  (inferredReturnType  ==  STRING_TYPE)  {                  handled  =  true          }   } incompatibleReturnType event

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Type checking extensions — new events !31 incompatibleReturnType  {  returnStmt,  inferredReturnType  -­‐>          if  (inferredReturnType  ==  STRING_TYPE)  {                  handled  =  true          }   } incompatibleReturnType event The referred return type is incompatible with the method’s declared return type

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Type checking extensions — new events !31 incompatibleReturnType  {  returnStmt,  inferredReturnType  -­‐>          if  (inferredReturnType  ==  STRING_TYPE)  {                  handled  =  true          }   } incompatibleReturnType event The referred return type is incompatible with the method’s declared return type Assume that if the inferred return type is String, then it’s correct (the DSL handles it)

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Type checking extensions — new events !32 ambiguousMethods  {  methods,  origin  -­‐>          methods.find  {  it.parameters.any  {                    it.type  ==  classNodeFor(Integer)  }            }   }

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Type checking extensions — new events !32 ambiguousMethods  {  methods,  origin  -­‐>          methods.find  {  it.parameters.any  {                    it.type  ==  classNodeFor(Integer)  }            }   } ambiguousMethods event

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Type checking extensions — new events !32 ambiguousMethods  {  methods,  origin  -­‐>          methods.find  {  it.parameters.any  {                    it.type  ==  classNodeFor(Integer)  }            }   } ambiguousMethods event If one of the methods takes an Integer argument, pick this one

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Type checking extensions — dynamic calls • New makeDynamic() method to make calls dynamic !33 methodNotFound  {  receiver,  name,  argumentList,  argTypes,  call  -­‐>          return  makeDynamic(call,  int_TYPE)   }   ! unresolvedProperty  {  pexp  -­‐>          def  lhs  =  getType(pexp.objectExpression)          if  (lhs==classNodeFor(MetaClass))  {                  makeDynamic(pexp,  CLOSURE_TYPE)          }  else  {                  makeDynamic(pexp,  int_TYPE)          }   }   ! unresolvedAttribute  {  pexp  -­‐>          makeDynamic(pexp,  int_TYPE)   }   ! unresolvedVariable  {  var  -­‐>          makeDynamic(var,  int_TYPE)   }

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Type checking extensions — dynamic calls • New makeDynamic() method to make calls dynamic !33 methodNotFound  {  receiver,  name,  argumentList,  argTypes,  call  -­‐>          return  makeDynamic(call,  int_TYPE)   }   ! unresolvedProperty  {  pexp  -­‐>          def  lhs  =  getType(pexp.objectExpression)          if  (lhs==classNodeFor(MetaClass))  {                  makeDynamic(pexp,  CLOSURE_TYPE)          }  else  {                  makeDynamic(pexp,  int_TYPE)          }   }   ! unresolvedAttribute  {  pexp  -­‐>          makeDynamic(pexp,  int_TYPE)   }   ! unresolvedVariable  {  var  -­‐>          makeDynamic(var,  int_TYPE)   } Unresolved methods, properties, attributes, or variables can be made dynamic

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Type checking extensions — dynamic calls • New makeDynamic() method to make calls dynamic !33 methodNotFound  {  receiver,  name,  argumentList,  argTypes,  call  -­‐>          return  makeDynamic(call,  int_TYPE)   }   ! unresolvedProperty  {  pexp  -­‐>          def  lhs  =  getType(pexp.objectExpression)          if  (lhs==classNodeFor(MetaClass))  {                  makeDynamic(pexp,  CLOSURE_TYPE)          }  else  {                  makeDynamic(pexp,  int_TYPE)          }   }   ! unresolvedAttribute  {  pexp  -­‐>          makeDynamic(pexp,  int_TYPE)   }   ! unresolvedVariable  {  var  -­‐>          makeDynamic(var,  int_TYPE)   } Unresolved methods, properties, attributes, or variables can be made dynamic Use with care!

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GDK improvements MrHaki 
 approved!

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Remove part of strings with a regex !35 assert  ('Hello  Groovy  world!'  -­‐  ~/\s+Gr\w+/)                            ==  'Hello  world!'

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Remove part of strings with a regex !35 assert  ('Hello  Groovy  world!'  -­‐  ~/\s+Gr\w+/)                            ==  'Hello  world!' A String

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Remove part of strings with a regex !35 assert  ('Hello  Groovy  world!'  -­‐  ~/\s+Gr\w+/)                            ==  'Hello  world!' A String A Pattern

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Remove part of strings with a regex !35 assert  ('Hello  Groovy  world!'  -­‐  ~/\s+Gr\w+/)                            ==  'Hello  world!' A String A Pattern Matched string fragment removed!

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Lots of new methods for Iterables !36 class  Counter  implements  Iterable  {          private  Integer  counter  =  0          Iterator  iterator()  {                  [hasNext:  {  counter  <=  10  },                          next:  {  counter++  }]  as  Iterator          }   }

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Lots of new methods for Iterables !36 class  Counter  implements  Iterable  {          private  Integer  counter  =  0          Iterator  iterator()  {                  [hasNext:  {  counter  <=  10  },                          next:  {  counter++  }]  as  Iterator          }   } assert  new  Counter().sum()  ==  55   assert  new  Counter().min()  ==  0   assert  new  Counter().max()  ==  10   assert  new  Counter().count(2)  ==  1   assert  new  Counter().count  {  it  %  2  ==  0  }  ==  6   assert  new  Counter().collectMany  {  [it  *  2]  }  ==                                  [0,  2,  4,  6,  8,  10,  12,  14,  16,  18,  20]   assert  new  Counter().groupBy  {  it  %  2  ==  0  ?  'even'  :  'odd'  }  ==                                  [even:[0,  2,  4,  6,  8,  10],  odd:[1,  3,  5,  7,  9]]

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Lots of new methods for Iterables !36 class  Counter  implements  Iterable  {          private  Integer  counter  =  0          Iterator  iterator()  {                  [hasNext:  {  counter  <=  10  },                          next:  {  counter++  }]  as  Iterator          }   } assert  new  Counter().sum()  ==  55   assert  new  Counter().min()  ==  0   assert  new  Counter().max()  ==  10   assert  new  Counter().count(2)  ==  1   assert  new  Counter().count  {  it  %  2  ==  0  }  ==  6   assert  new  Counter().collectMany  {  [it  *  2]  }  ==                                  [0,  2,  4,  6,  8,  10,  12,  14,  16,  18,  20]   assert  new  Counter().groupBy  {  it  %  2  ==  0  ?  'even'  :  'odd'  }  ==                                  [even:[0,  2,  4,  6,  8,  10],  odd:[1,  3,  5,  7,  9]] Collections are also Iterable

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Immutable with copyWith() method !37 import  groovy.transform.Immutable   ! @Immutable(copyWith  =  true)   class  User  {          String  name          String  email   }   ! def  jdEx  =  new  User('John  Doe',  '[email protected]')   ! def  jdGmail  =  jdEx.copyWith(email:  '[email protected]')   ! jdGmail.with  {          assert  name  ==  'John  Doe'          assert  email  ==  '[email protected]'   }

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Immutable with copyWith() method !37 import  groovy.transform.Immutable   ! @Immutable(copyWith  =  true)   class  User  {          String  name          String  email   }   ! def  jdEx  =  new  User('John  Doe',  '[email protected]')   ! def  jdGmail  =  jdEx.copyWith(email:  '[email protected]')   ! jdGmail.with  {          assert  name  ==  'John  Doe'          assert  email  ==  '[email protected]'   } Specify you want the copyWith() method

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @Immutable with copyWith() method !37 import  groovy.transform.Immutable   ! @Immutable(copyWith  =  true)   class  User  {          String  name          String  email   }   ! def  jdEx  =  new  User('John  Doe',  '[email protected]')   ! def  jdGmail  =  jdEx.copyWith(email:  '[email protected]')   ! jdGmail.with  {          assert  name  ==  'John  Doe'          assert  email  ==  '[email protected]'   } Specify you want the copyWith() method New immutable user with a different email

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 set() & copyWith() for Date & Calendar !38 import  static  java.util.Calendar.MARCH   ! def  date  =  new  Date().clearTime()   date.set(year:  2014,  month:  MARCH,  date:  28)   ! def  yearLater  =  date.copyWith(year:  2015)   assert  yearLater.format('dd-­‐MM-­‐yyyy')  ==  '28-­‐03-­‐2015'

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 set() & copyWith() for Date & Calendar !38 import  static  java.util.Calendar.MARCH   ! def  date  =  new  Date().clearTime()   date.set(year:  2014,  month:  MARCH,  date:  28)   ! def  yearLater  =  date.copyWith(year:  2015)   assert  yearLater.format('dd-­‐MM-­‐yyyy')  ==  '28-­‐03-­‐2015' Mutate

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 set() & copyWith() for Date & Calendar !38 import  static  java.util.Calendar.MARCH   ! def  date  =  new  Date().clearTime()   date.set(year:  2014,  month:  MARCH,  date:  28)   ! def  yearLater  =  date.copyWith(year:  2015)   assert  yearLater.format('dd-­‐MM-­‐yyyy')  ==  '28-­‐03-­‐2015' def  cal  =  Calendar.instance   cal.set(year:  2014,  month:  MARCH,  date:  26)   ! def  newCalendar  =  cal.copyWith(date:  27)   assert  newCalendar.format('dd-­‐MM-­‐yyyy')  ==  '27-­‐03-­‐2014' Mutate

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 set() & copyWith() for Date & Calendar !38 import  static  java.util.Calendar.MARCH   ! def  date  =  new  Date().clearTime()   date.set(year:  2014,  month:  MARCH,  date:  28)   ! def  yearLater  =  date.copyWith(year:  2015)   assert  yearLater.format('dd-­‐MM-­‐yyyy')  ==  '28-­‐03-­‐2015' def  cal  =  Calendar.instance   cal.set(year:  2014,  month:  MARCH,  date:  26)   ! def  newCalendar  =  cal.copyWith(date:  27)   assert  newCalendar.format('dd-­‐MM-­‐yyyy')  ==  '27-­‐03-­‐2014' Mutate Clone and mutate

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Loop between Date & Calendar date points !39 def  today  =  new  Date().clearTime()   def  nextWeek  =  today  +  7   ! today.upto(nextWeek)  {          println  it.format('dd  MMMM')   }

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Loop between Date & Calendar date points !39 def  today  =  new  Date().clearTime()   def  nextWeek  =  today  +  7   ! today.upto(nextWeek)  {          println  it.format('dd  MMMM')   } Iterate between dates with upto() and downto()

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Loop between Date & Calendar date points !39 def  today  =  new  Date().clearTime()   def  nextWeek  =  today  +  7   ! today.upto(nextWeek)  {          println  it.format('dd  MMMM')   } def  to  =  Calendar.instance   to.set(year:  2014,  month:  Calendar.MARCH,  date:  10)   ! def  from  =  Calendar.instance   from.set(year:  2014,  month:  Calendar.MARCH,  date:  28)   ! from.downto(to)  {          println  it.format('dd  MMMM')   } Iterate between dates with upto() and downto()

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Loop between Date & Calendar date points !39 def  today  =  new  Date().clearTime()   def  nextWeek  =  today  +  7   ! today.upto(nextWeek)  {          println  it.format('dd  MMMM')   } def  to  =  Calendar.instance   to.set(year:  2014,  month:  Calendar.MARCH,  date:  10)   ! def  from  =  Calendar.instance   from.set(year:  2014,  month:  Calendar.MARCH,  date:  28)   ! from.downto(to)  {          println  it.format('dd  MMMM')   } Iterate between dates with upto() and downto() upto() and downto() work with Calendars too

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Miscellaneous Groovysh improvements @Grab resolved against 
 Bintray JCenter

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Groovysh enhancements — doc command !41

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Groovysh enhancements — doc command !41 Launches your browser with the JavaDoc and GDK doc of the class

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Groovysh enhancements — completion !42

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Groovysh enhancements — completion !42 Import completion

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Groovysh enhancements — completion !42 Import completion Method call completion

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Bintray JCenter repository • JFrog’s Bintray JCenter first in 
 the resolver chain for your @Grab statements ! – faster and more responsive 
 than Maven Central – always proper dependencies with checksums – stores and caches dependencies coming from Maven Central if not initially available !43

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Groovy 2.3 Part 2

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Super fast JSON support! ! • New parsers and builders have been contributed – by Rick Hightower & Andrey Bloschetsov ! • Making Groovy serialization / deserialization faster than – GSON – Jackson !45

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 A new template engine, markup based !46

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 A new template engine, markup based !46 import  groovy.text.markup.*   ! MarkupTemplateEngine  engine  =  new  MarkupTemplateEngine(          new  TemplateConfiguration())   def  template  =  engine.createTemplate  '''          html  {                  head  {                          include  template:  'header.gtpl'                  }                  body  {                          p  "Hello  Greach"                  }          }   '''   System.out  <<  template.make()

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 A new template engine, markup based !46 import  groovy.text.markup.*   ! MarkupTemplateEngine  engine  =  new  MarkupTemplateEngine(          new  TemplateConfiguration())   def  template  =  engine.createTemplate  '''          html  {                  head  {                          include  template:  'header.gtpl'                  }                  body  {                          p  "Hello  Greach"                  }          }   '''   System.out  <<  template.make() Type-checked models, bytecode-compiled templates, includes, custom indentation, (un)escaping, i18n support, and more

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Traits !47

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Traits !47 trait  FlyingAbility  {          String  fly()  {                  "I  believe  I  can  fly!"          }   }

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Traits !47 trait  FlyingAbility  {          String  fly()  {                  "I  believe  I  can  fly!"          }   } A trait keyword applying the @Trait transformation

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Traits !47 trait  FlyingAbility  {          String  fly()  {                  "I  believe  I  can  fly!"          }   } A trait keyword applying the @Trait transformation class  Car  implements  FlyingAbility  {} A class « implements » the trait def  c  =  new  Car()   assert  c.fly()  ==  "I  believe  I  can  fly!"

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Traits characteristics • Groovy traits are stateful – Java 8’s default methods won’t cut it here ! • Precedence: When implementing several traits, 
 first declared trait wins – in case both traits have a method with the same signature ! • Supports runtime mixing of traits with ‘as’ !48

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Stateful traits !49

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Stateful traits !49 trait  Named  {          String  name   }   ! class  Phone  implements  Named  {}   ! def  phone  =  new  Phone(name:  'Galaxy  S3')   assert  phone.name  ==  'Galaxy  S3'

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Stateful traits !49 trait  Named  {          String  name   }   ! class  Phone  implements  Named  {}   ! def  phone  =  new  Phone(name:  'Galaxy  S3')   assert  phone.name  ==  'Galaxy  S3' A usual Groovy property!

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Trait inheritance !50

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Trait inheritance !50 trait  Named  {          String  name   }   ! trait  NameSpeakable  implements  Named  {          String  speak()  {  "My  name  is  ${name}"  }   }   ! class  Phone  implements  NamedSpeakable  {}   ! def  phone  =  new  Phone(name:  'Galaxy  S3')   assert  phone.speak()  ==  'My  name  is  Galaxy  S3'

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Trait inheritance !50 trait  Named  {          String  name   }   ! trait  NameSpeakable  implements  Named  {          String  speak()  {  "My  name  is  ${name}"  }   }   ! class  Phone  implements  NamedSpeakable  {}   ! def  phone  =  new  Phone(name:  'Galaxy  S3')   assert  phone.speak()  ==  'My  name  is  Galaxy  S3' Implement the parent trait

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Runtime traits !51

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Runtime traits !51 trait  Flying  {          String  fly()  {  "I'm  flying!"  }   }   ! class  Duck  {}   def  d  =  new  Duck()  as  Flying   ! assert  d  instanceof  Flying   assert  d.fly()  ==  "I'm  flying!"

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Runtime traits !51 trait  Flying  {          String  fly()  {  "I'm  flying!"  }   }   ! class  Duck  {}   def  d  =  new  Duck()  as  Flying   ! assert  d  instanceof  Flying   assert  d.fly()  ==  "I'm  flying!" Implement Flying trait at runtime

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @TailRecursive transformation !52

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @TailRecursive transformation !52 @groovy.transform.TailRecursive   def  fact(n,  accu  =  1G)  {          if  (n  <  2)  accu          else  fact(n  -­‐  1,  n  *  accu)   }

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @TailRecursive transformation !52 @groovy.transform.TailRecursive   def  fact(n,  accu  =  1G)  {          if  (n  <  2)  accu          else  fact(n  -­‐  1,  n  *  accu)   } https://github.com/jlink/tailrec

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 @TailRecursive transformation !52 @groovy.transform.TailRecursive   def  fact(n,  accu  =  1G)  {          if  (n  <  2)  accu          else  fact(n  -­‐  1,  n  *  accu)   } https://github.com/jlink/tailrec Transformation applied to methods, not closures

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 New website and documentation • New reference documentation and
 guides, using AsciiDoctor ! • New website with a 
 refreshed skin and the 
 new content !53

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 New website and documentation • New reference documentation and
 guides, using AsciiDoctor ! • New website with a 
 refreshed skin and the 
 new content !53 Looking for contributions!

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 GroovyDoc template overhaul !54

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 GroovyDoc template overhaul !54 GroovyDoc != Sexy Doc

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 GroovyDoc template overhaul !54 GroovyDoc != Sexy Doc

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 GroovyDoc template overhaul !54 GroovyDoc != Sexy Doc Would also be nice for Groovy GDK ocumentation

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If users ask…

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Finer-grained implicit closure coercion !56 interface  Action  {          void  act()   }   ! void  atomic(Action  a)  {          a.act()   }

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Finer-grained implicit closure coercion !56 interface  Action  {          void  act()   }   ! void  atomic(Action  a)  {          a.act()   } atomic  {  println  "hi"  }

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Finer-grained implicit closure coercion !56 interface  Action  {          void  act()   }   ! void  atomic(Action  a)  {          a.act()   } interface  ParameterizedAction  {          void  execute(int  i)   }   ! void  atomic(ParameterizedAction  pa)  {          pa.execute(1)   } atomic  {  println  "hi"  }

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Finer-grained implicit closure coercion !56 interface  Action  {          void  act()   }   ! void  atomic(Action  a)  {          a.act()   } interface  ParameterizedAction  {          void  execute(int  i)   }   ! void  atomic(ParameterizedAction  pa)  {          pa.execute(1)   } atomic  {  println  "hi"  } We’d get an ambiguous method exception

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Finer-grained implicit closure coercion !56 interface  Action  {          void  act()   }   ! void  atomic(Action  a)  {          a.act()   } interface  ParameterizedAction  {          void  execute(int  i)   }   ! void  atomic(ParameterizedAction  pa)  {          pa.execute(1)   } atomic  {  println  "hi"  } atomic  {  int  i  -­‐>  println  "hi  $i"  } We’d get an ambiguous method exception

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Finer-grained implicit closure coercion !56 interface  Action  {          void  act()   }   ! void  atomic(Action  a)  {          a.act()   } interface  ParameterizedAction  {          void  execute(int  i)   }   ! void  atomic(ParameterizedAction  pa)  {          pa.execute(1)   } atomic  {  println  "hi"  } atomic  {  int  i  -­‐>  println  "hi  $i"  } We’d get an ambiguous method exception Finer grained coercion to distinguish correct coercion depending on closure’s arguments

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Groovy 3.0 Part 3

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MOP 2 New Age Meta-Object Protocol

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Goals for the new Meta-Object Protocol • Fully leverage and build upon JDK 7+ invoke dynamic – get Java-like performance even for dynamic code • Rationalize the sedimentation of meta-programming – more coherence, less corner cases & inconsistencies • Provide a notion of « realm » – shield users of « monkey patching » – finer-grained control of meta-programming reach • Private visibility anyone? !60

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Antlr v4 Grammar Rewriting the Groovy grammar with Antlr v4

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Antlr v4 grammar • Problems – Groovy still uses Antlr v2! •but version 3 and 4 are out – Groovy’s grammar evolved from a Java grammar •harder to fix and evolve, especially with Antlr v2 • Advantages – Easier to start from a clean slate – Antlr 4 more tolerant and powerful regarding ambiguities – Time to clean some grammar & syntax warts! – Need to implement the Java 8 constructs! !62

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Antlr v4 grammar • Problems – Groovy still uses Antlr v2! •but version 3 and 4 are out – Groovy’s grammar evolved from a Java grammar •harder to fix and evolve, especially with Antlr v2 • Advantages – Easier to start from a clean slate – Antlr 4 more tolerant and powerful regarding ambiguities – Time to clean some grammar & syntax warts! – Need to implement the Java 8 constructs! !62

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Java 8 support Support the new Java 8 features

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@glaforge — Greach 2014 Java 8 support • Additional grammar and semantics features to support – to keep saying Groovy / Java interop is awesome! ! • New in Java 8 – lambdas – method references – default methods in interfaces – stream API, date / time API – annotations on types & repeated annotations !64

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Summary

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Rocks the JVM since 2003

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Thanks for your attention!

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Q & A