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1) What pets do you own (or have you owned or want to own)? 2) Why do people own pets? 3) What was one of the most popular pets of the 18th Century, especially in Virginia? Guess. 4) Why were boys given these pets? 5) Why were girls? 3:35

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“A More Perfect Union” Senator Barack Obama’s speech in Philadelphia on March 18, 2008.

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“The government gives them the drugs, builds bigger prisons, passes a three-strike law and then wants us to sing ‘God Bless America’. No, no, no, God damnAmerica, that’s in the Bible for killing innocent people….God damnAmerica for treating our citizens as less than human. God damnAmerica for as long as she acts like she is God and she is supreme.” — 2003 sermon

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“The document they produced was eventually signed but ultimately unfinished. It was stained by this nation’s original sin of slavery, a question that divided the colonies and brought the convention to a stalemate until the founders chose to allow the slave trade to continue for at least twenty more years, and to leave any final resolution to future generations….

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“The document they produced was stained by this nation’s original sin of slavery

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“The document they produced was stained by this nation’s original sin of slavery

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Article 1. Section 2. Paragraph 3: “Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons …and…three fifths of all other Persons.”

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As William Faulkner once wrote, ‘The past isn’t dead and buried. In fact, it isn’t even past.’ We do not need to recite here the history of racial injustice in this country. But we do need to remind ourselves that so many of the disparities that exist in the African- American community today can be directly traced to inequalities passed on from an earlier generation that suffered under the brutal legacy of slavery and Jim Crow.”

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The Peculiar Institution

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The Peculiar Institution slavery:

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1.African Origins? 2.Atlantic Slave Trade 3.Colonial Slavery 4.The World of the Enslaved 5.Life in the North 6.Conclusion

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kingdoms

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absolute monarchies

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large landowners

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small landowners

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slaves

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protected

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property

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hereditary

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POWs

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3:08

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400,000

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4,000,000

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2:46

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“Middle Passage”

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2:18

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10-15%

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1807 (GB), 1808 (US)

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MISCEGENATION: mid 19th century, formed irregularly from Latin miscere‘to mix’ + genus‘race’ + English -ation.

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1619

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entrenchment

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GB: 80%

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NE: 284 million lbs

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cotton engine

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cotton ‘gin

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$350…$1500

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$350…$1500

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$350…$1500

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“average” slave Cumberland Landing, Va. 1862 Group of “contrabands”

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hierarchy

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1) house

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1) house 2) hotel/artisan

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2) hotel/artisan 1) house 3) field hand

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Theory #1 Computer-assisted model

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Southern Whites

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Northern White WC

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Enslaved Blacks

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Southern Whites? Northern white WC? Enslaved Blacks?

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Southern Whites Northern white WC Enslaved Blacks

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Southern Whites Northern white WC Enslaved Blacks

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Computer-assisted model

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Theory #2 Psychological model

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Stanley Elkins Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life (1959)

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Psychological model

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5/15 1860

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segregation

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discrimination

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“last hired, first fired”

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William Lloyd Garrison

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“I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation…. I am in earnest – I will not equivocate – I will not excuse – I will not retreat a single inch – AND I WILL BE HEARD.”

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“A covenant with death & an agreement with hell.”

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Article 1. Section 2. Paragraph 3: “Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons …and…three fifths of all other Persons.”

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“I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away, but with Blood.”

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Frederick Douglass

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Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

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“written by himself” Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

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<10%

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<10% (of Northerners)

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riots

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riots

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riots

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Conclusion How to end the Peculiar Institution?

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“[A]lmost exclusively slave labor except as to the Boss men …enables me of course to compete with other manufacturers.” Joseph R. Anderson, 1847 Tredegar Iron Works 7:40