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VS OBJECTIVE-C RUBYMOTION

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David Demaree Typekit UX & Ruby engineer at Adobe @ddemaree log.demaree.me [email protected]   ✉

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Objective-C Invented in 1983, adopted by NeXT, currently maintained by Apple Pretty much used only for Apple platforms Statically typed object- oriented language Strict superset of C Preprocessed

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RubyMotion Implementation of Ruby 1.9 (sort of) on LLVM and the Objective-C runtime Closed-source compiler, available commercially for $199 (+ annual support fee) Open-source build tools, based on Rubygems and Rake

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WHY IS RUBYMOTION BETTER THAN ___?

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iOS Developer Agreement 3.3.1 Applications may only use Documented APIs in the manner prescribed by Apple and must not use or call any private APIs. Applications must be originally written in Objective-C, C, C++, or JavaScript as executed by the iPhone OS WebKit engine, and only code written in C, C++, and Objective-C may compile and directly link against the Documented APIs (e.g., Applications that link to Documented APIs through an intermediary translation or compatibility layer or tool are prohibited).

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iOS Developer Agreement 3.3.1 Applications may only use Documented APIs in the manner prescribed by Apple and must not use or call any private APIs. Applications must be originally written in Objective-C, C, C++, or JavaScript as executed by the iPhone OS WebKit engine, and only code written in C, C++, and Objective-C may compile and directly link against the Documented APIs (e.g., Applications that link to Documented APIs through an intermediary translation or compatibility layer or tool are prohibited).

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Ruby source code ObjC libraries Cocoa frameworks Native iOS app RubyMotion calls Cocoa frameworks directly

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PhoneGap app (HTML/CSS/JS) Objective-C runtime Cocoa app (Objective-C) Cocoa app (RubyMotion) Compiles to Obj-C bytecode Compiles to Obj-C bytecode PhoneGap cross-platform runtime

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Apple

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5by5.tv/hypercritical/66

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CODE

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VS Objective-C Ruby syntax

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CAUTION Now entering nerd zone

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In the beginning, there was OBJECTIVE-C RUBY PYTHON JAVA SCALA GROOVY SMALLTALK

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Learning Objective-C Programming with Objective-‐C bit.ly/objcprimer apeth.com/iOSBook cocoabook.com

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Learning Ruby & RubyMotion All titles available at pragprog.com

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Statically compiled No require No eval No Proc#binding No define_method Named parameters RubyMotion !≈ Ruby

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Objective-C

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Classic Obj-C Modern Obj-C Brackets everywhere Properties & dot syntax Verbose code for working with basic object types Object literals Manual memory management ARC No blocks Blocks!

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Objective-C

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Ruby can do almost anything Obj-C can do, BUT SIMPLER

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@interface DDVenue : NSObject @property (strong) NSString *name; @property (strong) NSString *address; @property (strong) CLLocation *location; - (CLLocationDistance)distanceFromLocation:(CLLocation *)otherLocation; @end @implementation DDVenue @synthesize name, address, location; - (CLLocationDistance)distanceFromLocation:(CLLocation *)otherLocation { return [self.location distanceFromLocation:otherLocation]; } @end

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class Venue attr_accessor :name, :address, :location def distanceFromLocation(location) self.location.distanceFromLocation(location) end end

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class Venue attr_accessor :name, :address, :location def distanceFromLocation(location) self.location.distanceFromLocation(location) end end Everything inherits from (NS)Object

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class Venue attr_accessor :name, :address, :location def distanceFromLocation(location) self.location.distanceFromLocation(location) end end Everything inherits from (NS)Object Dynamic/“duck” typing

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class Venue attr_accessor :name, :address, :location def distanceFromLocation(location) self.location.distanceFromLocation(location) end end Everything inherits from (NS)Object Dynamic/“duck” typing Implicit return

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class Venue attr_accessor :name, :address, :location def distanceFromLocation(location) self.location.distanceFromLocation(location) end end Everything inherits from (NS)Object Dynamic/“duck” typing Implicit return All dot syntax, all the time

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class Venue attr_accessor :name, :address, :location def distanceFromLocation(location) self.location.distanceFromLocation(location) end end Everything inherits from (NS)Object Dynamic/“duck” typing Implicit return All dot syntax, all the time No interface file required

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@interface DDFood : NSObject { BOOL isPizza; } - (void)setIsPizza:(BOOL)value; @end @implementation DDFood - (void)setIsPizza:(BOOL)value { isPizza = value; } @end class Food def isPizza=(pizzaness) @isPizza = pizzaness end def isPizza! @isPizza = true end def isPizza? @isPizza ||= false end end Instance vars must be declared Anything with an @-sigil is an ivar

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// YellingString.rb class String def yell self + "!" end end "Kind of awesome".yell.yell.yell #=> "Kind of awesome!!!" // NSString+Yelling.h @interface NSString (Yelling) - (NSString*) yell; @end // NSString+Yelling.m @implementation NSString (Yelling) - (NSString*) yell { return [self stringByAppendingString:@"!"]; } @end [@"Kind of awesome" yell]; //=> @"Kind of awesome!" Classes extended via categories Classes can be reopened at any time

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Ruby has real namespaces NSString, GBFont, DDCoreDataManager MyApp::Venue, MyApp::Item, CoreData::Manager Objective-C class names are prefixed Ruby classes/modules can be nested inside each other

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Multiple inheritance via mixins module StaticTableViewController CellInfo = Struct.new(:text, :accessory_type, :action) def tableView(tableView, cellForRowAtIndexPath:indexPath) cell = self.infoForCells[indexPath.row] # Create and return a UITableViewCell end end module SettingsViewController < UITableViewController include StaticTableViewController end

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class Thing < Struct.new(:name) def has_hat? false end end module Hat def has_hat? true end end

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myThing = Thing.new("Cat") myThing.has_hat? #=> false myThing.extend(Hat) myThing.has_hat? #=> true

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Blocks! class PlaceFinder def self.placeFinderWithBlock(&block) newFinder = self.alloc.init yield newFinder if block_given? return newFinder end end @finder = PlaceFinder.placeFinderWithBlock do |finder| finder.location = CLLocation.alloc.initWithLatitude(lat, longitude:lng) finder.numberOfResults = 10 end

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HTTP.get("http://github.com/ddemaree") do |response| p response.body.to_str # prints the response's body end @singleton = nil Dispatch.once do @singleton ||= self.alloc.initWithOptions({}) end Providing a completion callback for a HTTP request Initializing a singleton in a thread-safe way

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WHAT’S SO GREAT ABOUT SIMPLER?

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Less boilerplate

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Code is easier to read and more self-documenting

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It… feels good?

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What do we give up by using RubyMotion?

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No compile-time warnings

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No direct access to the C layer

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Enums and C structs typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, GBListSettingsSection){ GBListSettingsBudgetToggleSection, GBListSettingsSectionLock, GBListSettingsSectionEmail, GBListSettingsSectionAll }; - (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section { if (section == GBListSettingsBudgetInclusionSection) { return 2; } } - (NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView { return GBListSettingsSectionAll; }

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class PlacesViewController < UITableViewController SECTIONS = [:budget, :lock, :email] def tableView(tableView, numberOfRowsInSection:section) sectionName = SECTIONS[section] if sectionName == :budget return 2 end end def numberOfSectionsInTableView(tableView) SECTIONS.length end end

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The Uncanny Valley

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> motion ri UIView RubyMotion `ri` documentation

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RubyMotion’s “C” layer

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RubyMotion’s C-like APIs Dispatch.once { @singleton ||= self.new } errorPtr = Pointer.new(:object) ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(nil, errorPtr) Pointers are objects Functions are wrapped as methods on the Object class Grand Central Dispatch is wrapped as the Dispatch module

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“Sexy” DSLs

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Covering all of Cocoa with newer, simpler DSL abstractions is a stated goal of RubyMotion’s creators

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alert = UIAlertView.alloc.initWithTitle "Hey, buddy", message: "Buzz off!", delegate: nil, cancelButtonTitle: nil, otherButtonTitles: nil alert.show() App.alert("Hey, buddy", message: "Buzz off!") do |alert| # You can perform any additional configuration on the # UIAlertView object here, using the `alert` variable end BubbleWrap Standard Cocoa API (in RubyMotion)

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github.com/alloy/MotionData

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PhoneGap app (HTML/CSS/JS) Objective-C runtime Cocoa app (Objective-C) Cocoa app (RubyMotion) Compiles to Obj-C bytecode PhoneGap cross-platform runtime RubyMotion DSLs?

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TOOLS

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VS Bring your own Xcode

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VS Familiar (if you’re coming from Ruby/open-source development) Lighter-weight, which can be faster / more nimble Have it your way Supported by Apple Designed specifically for Cocoa/Cocoa Touch app development Excellent integrated documentation & code completion

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Xcode knows more about Cocoa & Objective-C than most of us will ever forget

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Context-sensitive code completion

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Integrated documentation

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Real-time error checking (via static analysis)

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“Using XCode is like driving a very used, modern car - it routinely breaks down, freezes and screws up the rest of my system and there is no way to understand what it wrong because all the parts are hidden from you. For example, it will stop compiling and simply freeze, acting like it's doing something. It will kill other processes and cause them to freeze (terminal processes simply stop getting cycles). It will stop responding to step over, step in, etc actions. “If there is any way for you to avoid XCode, do so. So far, I have had to force quit 4 times since 9:00 AM.”

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better? Is

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> motion create my_project

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Motion::Project::App.setup do |app| # Use `rake config' to see complete project settings. app.name = 'GiftBox' app.version = "2.0" app.interface_orientations = [:portrait] app.identifier = "me.demaree.GiftBox2" app.short_version = "190" app.frameworks += ["CoreData"] end RubyMotion configuration DSL

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github.com/mattt/shenzhen

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TESTING

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TESTING ON IOS

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Client-side applications are big, messy balls of SHARED STATE

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iOS client-side testing ≈ Full-stack JavaScript testing?

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QUESTIONS

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Should I learn Cocoa on Objective-C first, or RubyMotion?

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Learn Objective-C Because it’s awesome (really)

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Learning Objective-C Programming with Objective-‐C bit.ly/objcprimer apeth.com/iOSBook cocoabook.com

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If you use RubyMotion, try to at least learn the Cocoa APIs

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Should I use RubyMotion?

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How I use RubyMotion today Personal projects Rapid prototyping Internal apps?

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Your questions

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David Demaree Typekit UX & Ruby engineer at Adobe @ddemaree log.demaree.me [email protected]   ✉