2FA, WTF at Web Directions Summit 2017

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2FA, WTF?

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HACKERS

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ARE

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EVERYWHERE

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Phil Nash @philnash http:/ /philna.sh [email protected] @philnash

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2FA, WTF?

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PART 1 THE HORRIFYING REALITY OF PASSWORD SECURITY

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nash

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I WAS HACKED

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YOUR ACCOUNT IS ONLY AS SECURE AS YOUR WEAKEST PASSWORD

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https:/ /twitter.com/TheTimeCowboy/status/287536855828795393 @philnash

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STRONGER PASSWORDS

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ARE HARDER TO REMEMBER

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REUSE

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ASHLEY MADISON

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TOP 5 PASSWORDS

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5) 123456789

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4) DEFAULT

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3) password

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2) 12345

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1) 123456

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Ashley Madison Top 10 Passwords 1. 123456 - 120,511 users 2. 12345 - 48,452 users 3. password - 39,448 users 4. DEFAULT - 34,275 users 5. 123456789 - 26,620 users 6. qwerty - 20,778 users 7. 12345678 - 14,172 users 8. abc123 - 10,869 users 9. NSFW - 10,683 users 10. 1234567 - 9,468 users Source: http:/ /qz.com/501073/the-top-100-passwords-on-ashley-madison/ @philnash

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MARK ZUCKERBURG

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dadada

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I WAS HACKED

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@philnash

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Compromised sites • Adobe • Yahoo • LinkedIn • Tumblr • MySpace • DropBox • Bitly • Disqus @philnash

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@philnash

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@philnash

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YOUR USERS ARE ONLY AS SECURE AS THEIR WEAKEST PASSWORD

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PART 2 SMS, SS7, OTP, 2FA

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2FA

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TWO FACTOR AUTHENTICATION

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Two Factor Authentication 2FA is a security process in which a user provides two different forms of identification in order to authenticate themself with a system. The two forms must come from different categories. Normally something you know and something you have. @philnash

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SMS, TOKENS, PUSH

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SMS

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2FA const randomNum = Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000000); const code = randomNum.toString().padStart(6, "0"); user.update('loginCode', code); 01. 02. 03. @philnash

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2FA const twilio = require('twilio'); const client = new twilio(config.accountSid, config.authToken); client.messages.create({ from: config.yourNumber, to: user.phoneNumber, body: `Your login code is ${code}` }); 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. @philnash

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SMS: Pros Almost everyone in the world can receive SMS messages @philnash

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SMS: Cons Costs per message Requires signal SMS is broken @philnash

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PART 2.1 THE HORRIFYING REALITY OF SMS SECURITY

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SOCIAL ENGINEERING

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IF YOU CAN ACCESS AN ACCOUNT WITH JUST ONE FACTOR IT'S NOT 2FA

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SS7

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2FA OVER SMS IS STILL BETTER THAN JUST PASSWORDS

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TOKENS

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HOTP + TOTP

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@philnash

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HOTP HOTP(K,C) = Truncate(HMAC(K,C)) & 0x7FFFFFFF HOTP-Value = HOTP(K,C) mod 10d @philnash

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notp > const notp = require('notp'); > const hotp = notp.hotp; > hotp.gen('hello', { counter: 1 }) '825147' > hotp.gen('hello', { counter: 2 }) '676217' 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. @philnash @philnash

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notp > hotp.verify('825147', 'hello', { counter: 1 }) { delta: 0 } > hotp.verify('676217', 'hello', { counter: 1 }) { delta: 1 } 01. 02. 03. 04. @philnash @philnash

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notp > const totp = notp.totp; > totp.gen('hello') '748003' Some time later... > totp.gen('hello') '691780' 01. 02. 03. 01. 02. @philnash @philnash

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notp > totp.verify('748003', 'hello') { delta: 0 } Some time later... > totp.verify('748003', 'hello') { delta: -1 } 01. 02. 01. 02. @philnash @philnash

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https:/ /github.com/guyht/notp @philnash

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SHARING SECRETS

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QR code otpauth:/ /TYPE/LABEL?PARAMETERS otpauth:/ /totp/2FAWTF:[email protected]? secret=JBSWY3DPEHPK3PXP&issuer=2FAWTF @philnash

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Tokens: Pros Free to use Works oﬄine @philnash

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Tokens: Cons Requires a smart phone Needs backup codes to recover account QR codes can be intercepted @philnash

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PUSH

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Push: Pros Much better user experience Most secure @philnash

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Push: Cons Requires a smart phone Requires a native app Requires more work on your web application Can't use oﬄine @philnash

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https:/ /twitter.com/status_updates/status/656435611289653248 @philnash

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SUMMARY

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USERS ARE BAD WITH PASSWORDS

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OTHER WEBSITES ARE BAD WITH PASSWORDS

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2FA CAN BE PUSH, TOKEN OR SMS

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2FA IS FOR YOUR USERS

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2FA, WTF?

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2FA, FTW!

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THANKS!

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Thanks! @philnash http:/ /philna.sh [email protected] @philnash