二人チームにおけるバックエンド開発の効率化を求めて

by Masafumi Okura

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ೋਓνʔϜʹ͓͚Δ όοΫΤϯυ։ൃͷ ޮ཰ԽΛٻΊͯ For RailsDM Day 4, 2018/12/08 By OKURA Masafumi (@okuramasafumi) from Cycle

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͜ͷൃදʹ͍ͭͯ • εϥΠυຕ਺ɿ31ຕ • ൃද࣌ؒɿ20෼ʢ࣭ٙԠ౴ؚΉʣ • Ұ൪ࢗ͞ΔͰ͋Ζ͏૚ɿখ͍͞νʔϜͰϦιʔ εෆ଍ʹ೰Έͭͭ։ൃ͍ͯ͠Δਓͨͪ

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ࣗݾ঺հ • ໊લɿେ૔խ࢙ • ձࣾɿCycleʢ೶Ո͞Μ޲͚ΞϓϦ։ൃʣ • Ruby/Railsྺɿ5೥ڧ • ͓࢓ࣄɿRailsͰͷAPI։ൃɺAWSͷΠϯϑϥ؅ཧ • ΤσΟλɿVim

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͓඼ॻ͖ 1. νʔϜਓ਺͕গͳ͍͜ͱͰੜ͡Δओͳ໰୊఺ 2. ։ൃํ਑ʢ଎౓ͱอकੑͷόϥϯεʣ 3. RailsͷAPI։ൃʹؔ͢Δπʔϧ 4. ίʔυϨϏϡʔʹؔ͢Δπʔϧͱ࢟੎

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1. νʔϜਓ਺͕গͳ͍͜ͱͰ ੜ͡Δओͳ໰୊఺

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ͦ΋ͦ΋ • νʔϜਓ਺͸ଟ͚Ε͹͍͍ͱ͍͏΋ͷͰ΋ͳ ͍ • ཧ૝͸গ਺ਫ਼Ӷ͕ͩɺগ਺͗ͯ͢΋ਏ͍͠ਫ਼ Ӷ͚ͩͱ΋͍͔ͳ͍ʢࢲࣗ਎͕…ʣ

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͏ͪͷνʔϜͷݱঢ় • ΤϯδχΞ͸2໊ʢ͏ͪ1໊͸ࢲʣ • ࢒Γͷ1໊͸CEO • όοΫΤϯυʢRails APIʣ͸2໊ͱ΋Ͱ͖Δ • ϑϩϯτΤϯυʢReact Nativeʣ͸ࢲ͕Ͱ͖ͳ ͍

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ೋਓνʔϜͷ͕͜͜ਏ͍ • શPRͷϨϏϡʔ͸૬ख͕ݟͳͯ͘͸ͳΒͳ͍ ʢ૬ख͕ٳΈor๩͍͠ͱϨϏϡʔ͕ࢭ·Δʣ • ૬ஊ૬ख͕গͳ͍ • CEO͸๩͍͠Μͩ <- IMPORTANT!

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CEO๩͍͠໰୊ • CEO͸։ൃҎ֎ʹ΋ࢿۚௐୡͦͷଞͰखҰഋͰ ͋Γ͕ͪ • ͔͠͠ɺίʔυͷ඼࣭ΛอͭͨΊʹ΋ίʔυϨ Ϗϡʔ͸͍ͨ͠͠ɺԿΑΓCEOࣗ਎͕RubyΛ ॻ͖͕ͨΔ • ࢲͱͯ͠͸ɺCEO͸ϑϩϯτ΍ͬͯ΄͍͠

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CEO๩͍͠໰୊ʢଓʣ • ΤϯδχΞͱͯ͠ͷCEOΛ࠷େݶʹαϙʔτ ͍ͨ͠ɺͦͷͨΊʹ͸ • Railsଆͷ։ൃޮ཰Λ্͛Δ • APIͱͷͭͳ͗ࠐΈ෦෼Λޮ཰తʹ͢Δ

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2. ։ൃํ਑ ʢ଎౓ͱอकੑͷόϥϯεʣ

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جຊ͸ޮ཰ॏࢹ • ೋਓνʔϜ͸جຊతʹ͕࣌ؒͳ͍ • CEOͷ࣌ؒ͸وॏ • Ϣʔβʔମݧʹͱͬͯॏཁͳͷ͸ϑϩϯτΤ ϯυͳͷͰɺͦͪΒʹ࣌ؒΛ࢖͍͍ͨ

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ίʔυ඼࣭ͱͷόϥϯε • ΤϯδχΞͱͯ͠ίʔυ඼࣭͸कΓ͍ͨ • Ϗδωεͷ௕ظతͳ੒௕ʹ͸ίʔυͷॊೈ͞ ͕ॏཁ • ςετ΋͔ͬ͠Γॻ͖͍ͨ͠ɺՄಡੑ΋ߴ͘ อ͍ͪͨ

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૬൓͢Δཁٻ • ޮ཰Λߴ͘อͪͭͭɺίʔυͷ඼࣭Λ΋ߴ͘ ҡ࣋͢Δ • ྆ํΛ࠷େʹ͢Δ͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͷͰɺόϥ ϯεʢଥڠ఺ʣΛߟ͑Δ • GemͦͷଞͷύϫʔΛ׆͔͢

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3. RailsͷAPI։ൃʹؔ͢Δ πʔϧ

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Rails͸͢Ͱʹޮ཰త • Railsͷʢॳظʣੜ࢈ੑͷߴ͞͸͔ͳΓͷ΋ͷ • େ͖ͳཧ༝ͷҰ͕ͭCoC (Convention over Conﬁguration)ɺʮઃఆΑΓن໿ʯ • Ͱ͸ɺن໿Λ΋ͬͱͨ͘͞Μಋೖ͢Δͷ͸Ͳ ͏ͩΖ͏ʁ

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ن໿Λಋೖ͢Δ • ن໿ΛಋೖͰ͖ͦ͏ͳՕॴΛߟ͑Δ • APIͷεΩʔϚ • αʔϏεΦϒδΣΫτͷAPI • RSpecͷॻ͖ํ

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APIͷܗࣜʹ͍ͭͯͷن໿ • ࣗ෼ͨͪͰߟ͑ͯ΋΋ͪΖΜྑ͍ • ͕ɺ࣌ؒΛઅ໿͢ΔͨΊͷن໿ͷ࡞੒ʹ࣌ؒΛ࢖͏ͷ ͸… • ͢Ͱʹ͋Δن໿Λྲྀ༻͍ͨ͠ • JSON:API͕͋Δ͡ΌΜʂ • fast_jsonapi͕͋Δ͡ΌΜʂ

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JSON:API • https://jsonapi.org/ • ;໊͚ͨ͟લͰ༗໊ʢʁʣͳJSONʹ͓͚Δ APIͷ࢓༷ • ར఺ɿࡉʑͨ͜͠ͱΛߟ͑ͳͯ͘Α͘ͳΔ • ܽ఺ɿ͔ͳΓ৑௕

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fast_jsonapi • https://github.com/Netﬂix/fast_jsonapi • NetﬂixʹΑΔߴ଎ͳγϦΞϥΠβ࣮૷ • ActiveModelSerializerΑΓ͔ͳΓߴ଎ • ରԠ͍ͯ͠Δܗࣜ͸JSON:APIͷΈ

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αʔϏεΦϒδΣΫτʹ͍ͭͯ ͷن໿ • αʔϏεΦϒδΣΫτɺͳΜ͔ͩΜͩ࢖͍ͨ ͍ͱ͖͕͋Δ • αʔϏεΦϒδΣΫτ͸Railͷ֎ͳͷͰɺن໿ ͸ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ • Interactorͱ͍͏gemΛൃݟ

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Interactor • https://github.com/collectiveidea/interactor • ϏδωεϩδοΫΛΧϓηϧԽ͢ΔͨΊͷgem • ϩʔϧόοΫ͕ఆٛͰ͖Δ͜ͱͱνΣΠϯΛ؆ ୯ʹॻ͚Δ͜ͱ͕ಛ௕ • `call`ϝιουʹΠϯλʔϑΣʔε͕౷Ұ͞ΕΔ

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RSpecʹؔ͢Δن໿ • RSpec͸͔ͬ͠Γॻ͍͍͖͍ͯͨ • ͱ͸͍͑ޮ཰ͱͷ݉Ͷ߹͍Ͱॻ͘ͷ͸Model Specͱ Request SpecͷΈɻ • Request Spec͸ෳࡶʹͳΓ΍͍͢ͷͰͳΜͱ͔͍ͨ͠ • rspec-request_describer͕͋Δ͡ΌΜ

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rspec-request_describer • https://github.com/r7kamura/rspec- request_describer • describeͷҾ਺ʹ౉ͨ͠จࣈྻ͕ͦͷ··࣮ߦ ͞ΕΔϦΫΤετͷHTTPͷϝιουͱύεʹ ͳΔ • ύϥϝʔλ΍ID͸letͰࢦఆͰ͖Δ

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autodoc • https://github.com/r7kamura/autodoc • ࣮ࡍʹ͸࢖͍ͬͯͳ͍͕ɺautodocΛ࢖͏ͱυ Ωϡϝϯτͷࣗಈੜ੒΋Մೳ • ࢖͍ͬͯͳ͍ཧ༝͸ɺೋਓͱ΋RSpec͕ಡΊ ΔͷͰͦͬͪಡΜͩ΄͏͕ૣ͍͔Β

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4. ίʔυϨϏϡʔʹؔ͢Δ πʔϧͱ࢟੎

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ίʔυϨϏϡʔͷޮ཰ • લఏͱͯ͠ɺίʔυ͸ඞͣϨϏϡʔ͢Δ • ϩδοΫ͕όάͬͯͳ͍͔ɺDBͷεΩʔϚ͸ େৎ෉͔ɺͳͲΛݟ͍ͨ • ࠣ຤ͳ఺͸Ͱ͖Δ͚ͩࣄલʹ௵͓͖͍ͯͨ͠

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RuboCopͷ׆༻ • CircleCIͰRuboCopΛ૸ΒͤΔ • खݩͷΤσΟλͰautocorrectͯ͠ϨΠΞ΢τͷ໰୊ͱ ͔͸ίϛοτલʹ௵͢ • ຊ౰͸Siderͱ͔࢖͍͍͚ͨͲ͓͕ۚͳ͍ • ৄࡉ͸ https://speakerdeck.com/okuramasafumi/ training-rubocop ࢀরͷ͜ͱʢεϥΠυ͸ӳޠʣ

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·ͱΊ

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ޮ཰ͱอकੑͷཱ྆Λ໨ࢦͯ͠ • ن໿ΛಋೖͰ͖ͦ͏ͳͱ͜Ζʹ͸ੵۃతʹಋ ೖ͍ͯ͘͠ • GemͷྗΛआΓΕΔͱ͖ʹ͸आΓ͍ͯ͘ • ίʔυϨϏϡʔ͸େࣄͳͱ͜Ζ͚ͩʹߜͬͯ ͍͘