Sustainability in Software Engineering - JavaLand 2021 Conference

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2 ©2020 VMware, Inc. Climate change is real. There is no need to argue about whether climate change exists, is human made, or life-threatening – all this is real and urgent. We need to stop climate change, not discuss whether it is real or not.

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3 ©2020 VMware, Inc. This is a huge challenge, and we can make a huge difference. Software is eating the world and can have a huge impact. Let’s not wait for others to solve the problem. Everybody is involved – we all share the same responsibility.

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We need to decarbonize the entire world of software engineering.

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©2020 VMware, Inc. 6 Employee Commute Energy Production Business Travel Food in the office Hardware Hardware Production Heating / Cooling Data Center Operation Network Traffic CPU Cycles Memory Consumption SWAG production Shipping / Transport Energy consumption There is a wide range of topics

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The energy question. We need 100% renewable energy. This will take a very long time. And we don‘t have a very long time.

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©2020 VMware, Inc. 11 Electricity Generation Losses: 60% 40 Watts Data Center Losses: 30% Server Losses: 80% 28 Watts 100 Watts <5 Watts Useful Computing Source: Rocky Mountain Institute Impact of saving energy

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©2020 VMware, Inc. 13 Employee Commute Energy Production Business Travel Food in the office Hardware Hardware Production Heating / Cooling Data Center Operation Network Traffic CPU Cycles Memory Consumption SWAG production Shipping / Transport Energy consumption Energy consumption

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• Hardware production consumes lots of energy and resources. • Buying less hardware is cheaper and better for the environment.

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• Only run software when necessary (scale to zero). • Eliminate “zombies”. They consume energy, space, and hardware.

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©2020 VMware, Inc. 19 1. In 2019, VMware consolidated a datacenter in Singapore. 66% of the host machines were “zombies“. They were decomissioned. 2. In a 2017 study, Jon Kooney surveyed 16,000 non- virtualized and virtualized physical servers, across 10 datacenters. He concluded that 25% of the physical servers were “zombies“ and 30% of the virtual machines were “zombies“. Two pieces of evidence

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©2020 VMware, Inc. 21 Memory constantly consumes energy • 1GB RAM consumes about 2W (varying)* CPUs consume a lot of energy • Lets assume an average of 50W* Rule of thumb • Reserve less memory • Reserve less vCPUs (* average rough number, varies depending on type of RAM, power vs. idle mode, and other factors)

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©2020 VMware, Inc. 31 Choose data center in cold regions (less cooling needed) Choose data center where the energy mix is best (depending on solar/wind conditions) Dynamically reschedule when conditions change

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©2020 VMware, Inc. 41 Offsetting is generally a good idea • Offsetting projects generally do good things • Choose the project wisely, not every offsetting project really pays off The important difference is: • Avoid emissions in the future (many offsetting projects are in this category) • Vs. Actively removing the same amount of CO2 from the atmosphere

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48 ©2020 VMware, Inc. Learn more: Course by Microsoft: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/modules/sustainable- software-engineering-overview/ Principles for sustainable software engineering https://principles.green

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