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Rack
Philly.rb, April 2017
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Ernesto Tagwerker
@etagwerker
Founder & Señor Developer
at Ombu Labs
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Why Rack
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A Ruby Web Server
Interface
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Why Standard
Interfaces are Good
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Web Servers
• Thin
• Puma
• Unicorn
• Rainbows
• Passenger
• And more …
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Code
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# Gemfile
source "https://rubygems.org"
gem "rack"
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# config.ru
run Proc.new { |env|
[
# HTTP Response Code
'200',
# Headers Hash
{'Content-Type' => 'text/html'},
# Response Body
['rack & roll']
]
}
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# Terminal (Server)
$ rackup
[2017-04-16 20:10:34] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1
[2017-04-16 20:10:34] INFO ruby 2.3.3 (2016-11-21)
[x86_64-darwin16]
[2017-04-16 20:10:34] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start:
pid=60003 port=9292
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# Terminal (Client) - GET /
$ curl -v http://localhost:9292
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Content-Type: text/html
< Transfer-Encoding: chunked
< Server: WEBrick/1.3.1 (Ruby/2.3.3/2016-11-21)
< Date: Mon, 17 Apr 2017 00:19:39 GMT
< Connection: Keep-Alive
<
* Curl_http_done: called premature == 0
* Connection #0 to host localhost left intact
rack & roll%
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# Terminal (Client) - GET /pepe
$ curl -v http://localhost:9292/pepe
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Content-Type: text/html
< Transfer-Encoding: chunked
< Server: WEBrick/1.3.1 (Ruby/2.3.3/2016-11-21)
< Date: Mon, 17 Apr 2017 00:25:37 GMT
< Connection: Keep-Alive
<
* Curl_http_done: called premature == 0
* Connection #0 to host localhost left intact
rack & roll%
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Web Servers
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# Gemfile
source "https://rubygems.org"
ruby "2.3.3"
gem "rack"
group :development do
gem "thin"
end
group :production do
gem "puma"
end
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# Terminal (Server)
$ thin start
Using rack adapter
Thin web server (v1.7.0 codename Dunder Mifflin)
Maximum connections set to 1024
Listening on 0.0.0.0:3000, CTRL+C to stop
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Rack::Lint
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# config.ru
run Proc.new { |env|
[
# HTTP Response Code
nil,
# Headers Hash
{'Content-Type' => 'text/html'},
# Response Body
['rack & roll']
]
}
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No content
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https://http.cat/100
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https://httpstatusdogs.com/100-continue
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# config.ru
run Proc.new { |env|
[
# HTTP Response Code
'200',
# Headers Hash
{'Content-Type' => 'text/html'},
# Response Body
['rack & roll']
]
}
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# Terminal (Client) - HEAD /
$ curl -I http://localhost:9292
HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Server: WEBrick/1.3.1 (Ruby/2.3.3/2016-11-21)
Date: Mon, 17 Apr 2017 00:32:36 GMT
Connection: close
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# Terminal (Server)
::1 - - [16/Apr/2017:20:32:36 -0400] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
0.0004
[2017-04-16 20:32:36] ERROR Rack::Lint::LintError: Response body
was given for
HEAD request, but should be empty
gems/rack-2.0.1/lib/rack/lint.rb:20:in `assert'
gems/rack-2.0.1/lib/rack/lint.rb:688:in `verify_content_length'
gems/rack-2.0.1/lib/rack/lint.rb:716:in `each'
gems/rack-2.0.1/lib/rack/body_proxy.rb:36:in `each'
gems/rack-2.0.1/lib/rack/chunked.rb:23:in `each'
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# config.ru
run Proc.new { |env| # this is a hash
req = Rack::Request.new(env)
[
# HTTP Response Code
200,
# Headers Hash
{'Content-Type' => 'text/html'},
# Response Body
req.head? ? '' : ['rack & roll']
]
}
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# Terminal (Client)
$ curl -vI http://localhost:9292
* Rebuilt URL to: http://localhost:9292/
* Trying ::1...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to localhost (::1) port 9292 (#0)
> HEAD / HTTP/1.1
> Host: localhost:9292
> User-Agent: curl/7.51.0
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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# Terminal (Server)
$ rackup
::1 - - [18/Apr/2017:15:07:10 -0400] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1"
200 - 0.0016
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Rack Middleware
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# Gemfile
source "https://rubygems.org"
ruby "2.3.3"
gem "rack"
gem "rack-tracker"
group :development do
gem "thin"
end
group :production do
gem "puma"
end
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# config.ru
app = Rack::Builder.app do
use Rack::Tracker do
handler :google_analytics, { tracker: 'U-1234-5'
}
end
run Proc.new { |env| # this is a hash
req = Rack::Request.new(env)
[
200,
{'Content-Type' => 'text/html'},
req.head? ? '' : [
'rack & roll
body>']
]
}
end
run app
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# Terminal (Client)
$ curl -v http://localhost:3000
if(typeof ga === 'undefined') {
(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o)
,
m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,
m)
})(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
ga('create', 'U-1234-5', {});
}
ga('send', 'pageview', window.location.pathname + window.location.search);
* Curl_http_done: called premature == 0
* Connection #0 to host localhost left intact
rack & roll%
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# config/initializers/rack_tracker.rb
MyApp.config.middleware.use Rack::Tracker do
handler :google_analytics, { tracker: 'U-1234-5' }
end
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# rack/random_gif
class RandomGif
KEYWORDS = ['cat', 'dog', 'panda'].freeze
API_KEY = "dc6zaTOxFJmzC"
def initialize(app)
@keyword = KEYWORDS.shuffle.first
@app = app
end
def call(env)
status, headers, body = @app.call(env)
[status, headers, random_bodies(body)]
end
private
def img_tag
giphy = Giphy.random(@keyword)
source_url = giphy.image_original_url.to_s
"
" end
" end
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Resources
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https://github.com/rack/rack-contrib
https://github.com/luislavena/bench-micro
http://rack.github.io
https://github.com/Giphy/GiphyAPI
https://github.com/railslove/rack-tracker
https://github.com/etagwerker/rack-talk
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Thank you!
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Questions?
@etagwerker
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