RFID Technology With the application in the “Internet of Things”. 1 

@tworitdash • https://www.linkedin.com/pub/ tworit-dash/7a/490/7 • resume.tworitdash.in • https://github.com/tworitdash/ • http://tworitdash.in/ • [email protected] • facebook.com/tworit.dash • Alter Ego - blog.tworitdash.in 2 Tworit kumar Dash 

3 • zairza.in • Technical Society • We work together to build cool projects • We organize annual Technical Fest called Perception (perception.cetb.in) • We learn, play and grow at Zairza • Have been working here for last 3 years Zairza CET, Bhubaneswar 

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Instrumentation and Electronics Engineering 6 

Wildest dream to build a radio 7 

8 Are you listening ? Does anyone exist here ? 

9 Are you listening ? Hey, There ! 

10 !! Wait to be killed ! 

I need an Antenna ! 11 

I need to design the whole transmitter and receiver module ! 12 

Why can’t I start at a smaller scale ? 13 

Then I got into RFID by running after a radio. 14 Born Physics Enthusiast 

What is RFID • Radio Frequency IDentification • Wireless Connection From reader to tag • Has Advantages over Barcodes and Smart Cards • Magnetic and Electromagnetic mode of power transfer • Tracking Applications 15 

RFID Components and Types • Transponder and the Interrogator or the Reader • Passive, Semi Passive and Active, Short Range Radio Devices (SRDs) 16 

The Physics Behind RFID •Reader -> Antenna -> Magnetic or Electromagnetic Field •Transponder -> Receiver -> Transmitter There two types of communications. Near and Far Field. 1. Near Field: It’s magnetic. 2. Far Field: It’s electromagnetic. Frequency Ranges •RF - 100 kHZ to 300 kHZ •Microwave - 2.45 to 5.8 GHZ 17 

Load Modulation http://rfid-handbook.de/about-rfid/active-load-modulation.html?showall=1&limitstart= 18 

The EPC (The Electronic Product Code) • An Electronic Product Code (EPC) is a universal identifier that gives a unique identity to a specific physical object. http://www.epc-rfid.info/ 19 

BINARY ANTI-COLLISION ALGORITHM •In this algorithm, Manchester code is used so as to recognize the bits where there is a collision. •When the reader receives an identification code and the states of the code do not change in some bits, the reader can know where collisions occur. 20 

…CONTD • In binary search algorithm, tags whose first collided bit is logical “1” do not respond to the reader’s next request while tags whose first collided bit is logical “0” send their identification codes. • The searching process keeps going until the identification code of a tag is recognized and will be repeated from the beginning until the identification codes of all the tags are recognized. • Therefore, it is “BINARY SEARCH”. EXAMPLE: Let us take there are 4 tags in the interrogation zone of a reader. ID Tag1 10110011 Tag2 10100011 Tag3 10110111 Tag4 11100011 21 

Physical, Virtual and Digital Identities of Objects • Physical Identity • Virtual Identity • Digital Identity 22 

The Internet of Things Basics • Things getting connected to the Internet. • From Anywhere • At Anytime • Through Any Network http://www.internet-of-things-research.eu/ 23 

Working Principle of IoT • Servers • Clients from anywhere • Authenticated Users • Security • Protocols to drive Real Time Machines. (http, tcp, web-sockets) 24 

RFID and IoT Combined 25 

All we need to do to authenticate a tag for a certain task! 26 

Libraries I have Used • Eventmachine • Eventmachine Websockets (Server and Client) • Serialport 27 

Further Work • GPS Real time Tracking with RFID • Streaming of other sensor inputs for each tag like Temperature, Pressure, Moisture, Content etc. 28 

Set of Hardware • 125 KHz Passive RFID Reader (Mini USB type) with tags • Arduino for the output controls • Raspberry Pi for the machine client 29 

Other Applications • Inter Vehicular Communications • Real Time Location System • Cattle Tracking • Smart Passports for secured verification • Home and Industrial Automation • Security Checks 30 

CONCLUSION • RFID is basically a tracking device which let things have an unique ID and it has a good memory management to store all the details of the product or service.(Including manufacturing details with complete history of characteristics like temperature.) • Internet of things is the concept of connecting anything to the internet to create a virtual personality of the object. Through some protocols and services, things can communicate with themselves resulting a smarter environment. • RFID technology is being used with the IoT to get better performance in a wide range of applications. 31 

github.com/tworitdash/pirfidiot 32 Codes for simple applications of RFID + IoT 

Wildest dream to build a radio 33 

@tworitdash Thanks ! 34