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A comparative review of microservice frameworks

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers Hendrik • Karakun Co-Founder • Founder of JUG Dortmund • JSR EG member • JavaOne Rockstar, Java Champion • AdoptOpenJDK TSC member

This is a very very very long gag @kthoms Karsten • Open Source Enthusiast • Committer on several Eclipse projects • Contributor on many more • Speaker

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Content • About Microservices • Spring Boot, Quarkus, Micronaut, Eclipse Microprofile • Additional Frameworks • Docker support • Conclusion

About Microservices

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Microservices REST SQL Microservice

This is a very very very long gag • Microservice architecture does not depend on Java • You can create Microservice in any language you want • We concentrate on Java today @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Microservices Ok, maybe not in COBOL

This is a very very very long gag • Microservice architecture does not depend on Java • You can create Microservice in any language you want • We concentrate on Java today @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Microservices Ok, maybe not in COBOL Lesson 1 : do not underestimate the power of the Internet

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Microservices • Easy to learn and start with • Stable API • Active community • Active maintainers • LTS versions

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Microservices • Small memory footprint • Deployable as container • Fast to serve request • Start-up time • Stateless & scaleable

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Microservices • REST endpoints • Messaging & events • Provide & store data • Call Functions (e.g. map-reduce) • Security (SSO) • JSON support

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"Crafted from best-of-breed libs and standards with GraalVM support from ground up"

"Standard based framework backed by multiple vendors with much more flexibility than Jakarta EE"

"Mature and leading microservices framework with maybe the biggest community and ecosystem"

"Non-blocking, reactive framework for microservices and serverless functions with GraalVM support"

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Initializer • Project Coordinates • Framework Version • Java Version • Build System • Extensions

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Releases - Spring Boot 2018 2019 2020 2.3.X Preview Releases Releases 2.2.X 2.4.X 2.1.X 2.0.X 1.5.X

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Releases - Eclipse MicroProfile 2018 2019 2020 1.4 Preview Releases Releases 2.0 2.1 2.2 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.0 Switch to JavaEE 8 Switch to Jakarta EE 8

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Releases - Micronaut 2018 2019 2020 1.0.x 1.1.x 1.2.x 1.3.x 2.0.x Preview Releases Releases

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Releases - Quarkus 2018 2019 2020 Preview Releases Releases 1.0 0.1 - 0.28 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8

This is a very very very long gag public class MovieResource { public Movie getMovie( Long id) { //... } } @hendrikEbbers @kthoms REST Endpoint Produce JSON by default

This is a very very very long gag public class MovieResource { public Movie getMovie( Long id) { //... } } @hendrikEbbers @kthoms REST Endpoint @Path("/movies") @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) @GET @Path("/{id}") @PathParam("id") JAX-RS (quarkus & Microprofile) Karsten

This is a very very very long gag public class MovieResource { public Movie getMovie( Long id) { //... } } @hendrikEbbers @kthoms REST Endpoint @RestController @GetMapping("/movies") @RequestParam("id") Spring

This is a very very very long gag public class MovieResource { public } } @Controller("/movies") @Get("/{id}") Single> getMovie ( @PathVariable Long id) { //... @hendrikEbbers @kthoms REST Endpoint Micronaut RxJava 2

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms DB Access @ApplicationScoped public class MovieRepository implements PanacheRepository { public MovieEntity findByName(String name) { return find("name", name).firstResult(); } } Quarkus Repository Pattern

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms DB Access @Repository public interface MovieRepository extends CrudRepository { Optional findOptionalByName(String name); } Spring

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms DB Access @JdbcRepository(dialect = Dialect.H2) public interface MovieRepository extends CrudRepository { Optional findByName(String name); } Micronaut

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms DB Access @ApplicationScoped public class MovieRepository { @Inject EntityManager manager; public Optional findByName(String name) { return manager.createNamedQuery("MovieEntity.byName", MovieEntity.class) .setParameter("name", name) .getResultList() .findAny(); } } Microprofile

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Additional Frameworks • Vert.x • Dropwizard • Spark • Helidon • Apache CXF • Jersey • RESTEasy • ... There is no concrete definition what a microservice must contain... It do not even need to contain HTTP - Think about an event based system

Docker Container

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Docker Container FROM adoptopenjdk/openjdk11:jdk-11.0.8_10-ubuntu-slim COPY target/demo-*.jar demo.jar EXPOSE 8080 CMD ["java","-jar", "demo.jar"] Linux JVM Application Ubuntu + JVM as Base Our application Run !

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Docker Container $ docker build . -t my-image $ docker run -p 8080:8080 my-image Linux JVM Application Build the Image with the actual JAR Start the container

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Docker Container CREATED COMMAND SIZE 2 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENTRYPOINT ["java" "-jar"… 0B 2 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:4e18e9cc0f417bc6… 16.5MB 11 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /opt/app 0B 11 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ARG JAR_FILE=target/demo-… 0B 4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["jshell"] 0B 4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV JAVA_HOME=/opt/java/o… 0B 4 days ago /bin/sh -c set -eux; ARCH="$(dpkg --prin… 254MB 4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY multi:18d710993714a6c… 16.7kB 4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV JAVA_VERSION=jdk-11.0… 0B 4 days ago /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get ins… 35.7MB 4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV LANG=en_US.UTF-8 LANG… 0B 5 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0B 5 days ago /bin/sh -c mkdir -p /run/systemd && echo 'do… 7B 5 days ago /bin/sh -c [ -z "$(apt-get indextargets)" ] 0B 5 days ago /bin/sh -c set -xe && echo '#!/bin/sh' > /… 745B 5 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:84f8ddc4d76e1e867… 63.2MB

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Docker Container CREATED COMMAND SIZE 2 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENTRYPOINT ["java" "-jar"… 0B 2 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:4e18e9cc0f417bc6… 16.5MB 11 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /opt/app 0B 11 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ARG JAR_FILE=target/demo-… 0B 4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["jshell"] 0B 4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV JAVA_HOME=/opt/java/o… 0B 4 days ago /bin/sh -c set -eux; ARCH="$(dpkg --prin… 254MB 4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY multi:18d710993714a6c… 16.7kB 4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV JAVA_VERSION=jdk-11.0… 0B 4 days ago /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get ins… 35.7MB 4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV LANG=en_US.UTF-8 LANG… 0B 5 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0B 5 days ago /bin/sh -c mkdir -p /run/systemd && echo 'do… 7B 5 days ago /bin/sh -c [ -z "$(apt-get indextargets)" ] 0B 5 days ago /bin/sh -c set -xe && echo '#!/bin/sh' > /… 745B 5 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:84f8ddc4d76e1e867… 63.2MB

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Docker Container CREATED COMMAND SIZE 2 minutes ago Microservice & Framework 16.5MB 4 days ago JDK 11 254MB 4 days ago Some Linux updates & tools 35.7MB 5 days ago Linux basic layer 63.2MB

This is a very very very long gag CREATED COMMAND SIZE 2 minutes ago Microservice & Framework 16.5MB 4 days ago JDK 11 254MB 4 days ago Some Linux updates & tools 35.7MB 5 days ago Linux basic layer 63.2MB @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Docker Container

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Docker Container Application (13 MB) Linux (100 MB) JVM (250 MB) Application (16 MB) Application (10 MB)

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Docker Container - GraalVM • Micronaut and Quarkus offer GraalVM support OOTB • By using GraalVM the app can be compiled to a native executable • While the compilation takes much longer the outcome is much smaller

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Docker Container - GraalVM Linux (100 MB) Native application (30 MB) No JDK since we compiled the app 0.3 s 108 s Compile Start

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Docker Container - MicroProfile • Eclipse MicroProfile is special since it needs an application server • Application server is an additional layer between JVM and application • Application layer is much smaller App Server (230 MB) JDK (250 MB) Linux (100 MB) Application (10 KB)

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Docker Container $ docker run 16.2 s 8.6 s 3.8 s 2.3 s ( ) 2.0 s 1.9 s 0.3 s

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Docker Build Times $ docker build 108 s 35.7 s 15.4 s 10.3 s 8.5 s 8.0 s 6.3 s ( )

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Docker Container - jlink • jlink enables to create JVMs tailored to a specific application • This allows to create much smaller images as base for applications Application (47 MB) jlink based JVM (55 MB) Alpine Linux (10 MB)

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Docker Container • You need to decide what is most important for you: • images size • image layer size • build time • start time • [memory footprint]

Advanced features of Microservices

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Advanced Features • Tracing & monitoring • Configuration & cloud configuration • Service discovery • Support for serverless functions • Reactive APIs • Authentication strategies

Conclusion

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This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Comparison (1/3) SpringBoot MicroProfile Micronaut Quarkus License Apache 2 Apache 2 Apache 2 Apache 2 Owner Pivotal Eclipse Foundation Object Computing Red Hat Since 2013 2016 2018 2018 Release Cadence (Months) 1 4 1 1 Maintenance Releases Committers ++ + + .

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Comparison (2/3) SpringBoot MicroProfile Micronaut Quarkus REST API Spring-Web JAX-RS Own JAX-RS SQL API Pivotal Eclipse Foundation Object Computing Red Hat Dependency Injection Spring-Beans CDI Micronaut IoC + JSR 330 CDI 2.0* Security API Spring-Security Jakarta EE Security Micronaut Security + JSR 250 Open ID HTTP Infrastructure Tomcat various Netty Vert.x / Netty Java Version 8, 11 - 15 8, (11) 8 - 14 8, 11 - 14

This is a very very very long gag @hendrikEbbers @kthoms Comparison (3/3) SpringBoot MicroProfile Micronaut Quarkus Container Support Graal VM Image Size Application Layer Size Startup Time Build Time + - . . . . . . + + JVM: . . - GraalVM: + + - + + + - - + + - - - - + . JVM: GraalVM: +

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