TeX and LaTeX - Speaker Deck

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TEX: typesetting system L A TEX: document preparation system Adriano de Jesus Holanda Departamento de F´ ısica e Matem´ atica FFCLRP-USP 2010-04-28

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Outline 1 TEX Introduction Basics Running TEX Hoω αbout Mαth? 2 L A TEX Introduction Basics Common Structure BIBTEX 3 Further Details

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Introduction TEX – τ χ (greek: “art/craft”) Typesetting system Prof. Donald Erwin Knuth Emeritus Professor of “The Art of Computer Programming” (TAOCP) Stanford University, USA Main contributor to the Analysis of Algorithms ﬁeld using asymptotic notation Motivation Unsatisfaction with printed version of TAOCP2 2nd ed., due to declined quality of the typesetting using new software and digital printer technology.

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Introduction TEXfamily Language → TEX (Pascal); Font engine → METAFONT; Font family → Computer Modern; Output format → Device independent format (DVI) [Fuchs, 1979].

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Introduction Processing steps TeX TeX [Knuth, 1978]

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Introduction Processing steps TeX TeX [Knuth, 1978] DVI [Fuchs, 1979] tex

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Introduction Processing steps X converter TeX TeX [Knuth, 1978] DVI [Fuchs, 1979] tex

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Introduction Processing steps X converter Y converter TeX TeX [Knuth, 1978] DVI [Fuchs, 1979] tex

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Introduction Processing steps TeX TeX [Knuth, 1978] DVI [Fuchs, 1979] tex PostScript [Adobe, 1982]

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Introduction Processing steps TeX TeX [Knuth, 1978] DVI [Fuchs, 1979] tex PostScript [Adobe, 1982] dvips

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Introduction Processing steps TeX TeX [Knuth, 1978] DVI [Fuchs, 1979] tex PostScript [Adobe, 1982] dvips

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Introduction Processing steps TeX TeX [Knuth, 1978] DVI [Fuchs, 1979] tex PostScript [Adobe, 1982] dvips

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Introduction Typographic concepts Unit of measure: PostScript point ≡ 1 72 in ∼ = 0.3528mm; 4in 300pt 10cm

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Introduction Typographic concepts Glyph: pictorial representation of typographical token;

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Introduction Typographic concepts Kerning: Shifting between pair of consecutive glyphs. +

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Introduction Typographic concepts Kerning: Shifting between pair of consecutive glyphs. -

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics Boxes height Reference point depth Baseline width

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics Boxes height Reference point depth Baseline width

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics Boxes Examples 10 pt characters

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics Boxes Examples 10 pt characters

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics Boxes Examples 10 pt characters

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics Glue Stretchability example width 5 width 6 width 3 width 8 space 9 stretch 3 shrink 1 width 52 space 9 stretch 6 shrink 2 width 52 space 12 stretch 0 shrink 0 width 52

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics Glue Stretchability example 9 + (+6/9)x3 = 9 + 2 9 + (+6/9)x6 = 9 + 4 12 + (+6/9)x0 = 12 + 0 width 58

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics Glue Shrinkability example width 5 width 6 width 3 width 8 space 9 stretch 3 shrink 1 width 52 space 9 stretch 6 shrink 2 width 52 space 12 stretch 0 shrink 0 width 52

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics Glue Shrinkability example 9 + (−1/3)x1 = 9 − 0.33 9 + (−1/3)x2 = 9 − 0.66 12 + (−1/3)x0 = 12 − 0 width 51

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics Vertical boxes

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics Vertical boxes \baselineskip= glue \lineskip= glue \lineskiplimit= dimen

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics Vertical boxes \baselineskip=12pt plus 2pt \lineskip=3pt minus 1pt \lineskiplimit=2pt 5pt 3pt

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics Vertical boxes \baselineskip=12pt plus 2pt \lineskip=3pt minus 1pt \lineskiplimit=2pt 5pt 3pt 4pt

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics Vertical boxes \baselineskip=12pt plus 2pt \lineskip=3pt minus 1pt \lineskiplimit=2pt 5pt 4pt 3pt

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics Vertical boxes \baselineskip=12pt plus 2pt \lineskip=3pt minus 1pt \lineskiplimit=2pt 5pt 3pt 4pt + 2pt = 6pt

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics Vertical boxes 8pt 1pt \baselineskip=12pt plus 2pt \lineskip=3pt minus 1pt \lineskiplimit=2pt 3pt

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics Vertical boxes 8pt \baselineskip=12pt plus 2pt \lineskip=3pt minus 1pt \lineskiplimit=2pt 3pt - 1pt = 2pt 3pt

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Running TEX Running TEX(1) Setting horizontal size $ tex $ **\relax $ *\input story $ *\hsize=3in \input story $ *\hsize=2.5in \input story $ *\hsize=2in \input story $ *\end $ xdvi texput.dvi

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Running TEX Running TEX(2) Setting tolerance $ tex $ **\relax $ *\input story $ *\hsize=2in \tolerance=1600 \input story $ *\hsize=1.5in \input story $ *\tolerance=10000 \input story $ *\hsize=.75in \input story $ *\end $ xdvi texput.dvi

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Hoω αbout Mαth? $Mαth symbols$ greek letters Input Output $\alpha$ α $\gamma$ γ $\Gamma$ Γ $\Psi$ Ψ $\Omega$ Ω

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Hoω αbout Mαth? $Mαth symbols$ greek letters Input Output $\alpha$ α $\gamma$ γ $\Gamma$ Γ $\Psi$ Ψ $\Omega$ Ω operators Input Output $\sum$ $\prod$ $\int$ $\cap$ ∩ $\vee or \lor$ ∨

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Hoω αbout Mαth? $Mαth formulαs$ Input Output $xˆ2$ x2 $x 2$ x2 $2ˆx$ 2x $xˆ2yˆ2$ x2y2 $x ˆ2y ˆ2$ x2y2 $x 2y 2$ x2y2 $ 2F 3$ 2F3 Input Output $xˆ{2y}$ x2y $2ˆ{2ˆx}$ 22x $2ˆ{2ˆ{2ˆx}}$ 222x $y {x 2}$ yx2 $y {xˆ2}$ yx2

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Hoω αbout Mαth? + $$ Mαth $$ $$ \sqrt{1+ \sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+x}}}}} \eqno(1) $$ 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + √ 1 + x (1)

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Hoω αbout Mαth? + + $$ Mαth $$ a0 + 1 a1 + 1 a2 + 1 a3 + 1 a4 (2)

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Introduction L A TEX– Document preparation system The father Leslie Lamport Mathematician and Programmer Microsoft Research Motivation Unsatisfaction with TEX80 macros writen by Max Diaz when he was writing a book

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics L A TEX Macro Example Macro \documentclass[a4paper, 12pt]{article}

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics L A TEX Macro Example Macro \documentclass[a4paper, 12pt]{article} Expansion: /usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/article.cls

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics L A TEX Macro Example Macro \documentclass[a4paper, 12pt]{article} Expansion: \DeclareOption{a4paper} {\setlength\paperheight {297mm}% \setlength\paperwidth {210mm}}

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Basics L A TEX Macro Example Macro \documentclass[a4paper, 12pt]{article} Expansion: \DeclareOption{12pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{2}}

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Common Structure L A TEXdocument: basic structure \documentclass[a4paper, 12pt]{article} % preamble \usepackage[parameter]{package} \begin{document} \section{First section name} text text text \subsection{Second section name} text text text \subsubsection{Third section name} text text text \end{document}

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TEX L ATEX Further Details BIBTEX Bibliographic database ﬁlename.bib @BOOK{latexbook, AUTHOR = ”Leslie Lamport”, TITLE = ”LaTeX: A Document Preparation System”, PUBLISHER = ”Addison-Wesley”, YEAR = 1986 } ﬁlename.tex Producing Greek letters is as easy as$\pi$˜\cite{latexbook}.

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TEX L ATEX Further Details BIBTEX Bibliographic database @BOOK{latexbook, AUTHOR = ”Leslie Lamport”, TITLE = ”LaTeX: A Document Preparation System”, PUBLISHER = ”Addison-Wesley”, YEAR = 1986 } manuscript Producing Greek letters is as easy as π [1]. References [1] Leslie Lamport. LaTeX: A Document Preparation System. Addison-Wesley, 1986.

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TEX L ATEX Further Details BIBTEX “Three L A TEXmistakes that people should stop making?” 1 Worrying too much about formatting and not enough about content;

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TEX L ATEX Further Details BIBTEX “Three L A TEXmistakes that people should stop making?” 1 Worrying too much about formatting and not enough about content; 2 Worrying too much about formatting and not enough about content;

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TEX L ATEX Further Details BIBTEX “Three L A TEXmistakes that people should stop making?” 1 “ Worrying too much about formatting and not enough about content; 2 Worrying too much about formatting and not enough about content; 3 Worrying too much about formatting and not enough about content.” (Leslie Lamport)

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TEX L ATEX Further Details TEX’s children COnTEXt;

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TEX L ATEX Further Details TEX’s children COnTEXt; pdfTEX, pdfL A TEX;

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TEX L ATEX Further Details TEX’s children COnTEXt; pdfTEX, pdfL A TEX; Ω;

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TEX L ATEX Further Details TEX’s children COnTEXt; pdfTEX, pdfL A TEX; Ω; XETEX;

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TEX L ATEX Further Details TEX’s children COnTEXt; pdfTEX, pdfL A TEX; Ω; XETEX; LuaTEX.

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TEX L ATEX Further Details References Donald Erwin Knuth The TEXbook. Addison-Wesley, 20th printing, 1991. Yannis Haralambous Fonts & encodings O’Reilly Media, 1st edition, 2007. Leslie Lamport LaTeX: A Document Preparation System Addison-Wesley, 2nd edition, 1994.

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Very useful URLs • http://www.ctan.org – Comprehensive TeX Archive Network ( CTAN); • http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/ – Donald Knuth homepage; • http://www.lamport.org – Leslie Lamport homepage.

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TEX L ATEX Further Details Where to ﬁnd me? http://adrianoholanda.org