A story about open science

Slide 1

Slide 1 text

Slide 2

Slide 2 text

NASA budget as a percentage of the US federal budget

Slide 3

Slide 3 text

Kepler Mission $0.6 billion Humanity can afford space science 2022 Qatar World Cup $220 billion

Slide 4

Slide 4 text

“Open science is the movement to make scientific research, data and dissemination accessible to all levels of an inquiring society, amateur or professional.” – Wikipedia

Slide 5

Slide 5 text

Fraction of papers on the arXiv in 2015, by journal: MNRAS 90% 87% ApJ Icarus 19% Source: https://gist.github.com/barentsen/99c9d5fab8fefdd46a1e

Slide 6

Slide 6 text

No content

Slide 7

Slide 7 text

We need our flagship facilities and missions to embrace extreme openness

Slide 8

Slide 8 text

A story about open science featuring NASA’s Kepler/K2 mission

Slide 9

Slide 9 text

A story about open science featuring a mission that got rid of proprietary data

Slide 10

Slide 10 text

Kepler/K2 offers an example of extreme openness

Slide 11

Slide 11 text

1-meter Schmidt Kepler launched in March 2009 100 megapixel array 1 or 30 min cadence

Slide 12

Slide 12 text

2009-2013 Kepler monitored 200,000 stars for 4 years

Slide 13

Slide 13 text

No content

Slide 14

Slide 14 text

Kepler’s 4696 Planet Candidates

Slide 15

Slide 15 text

Kepler data contributed to 1,649 publications so far https:/ /github.com/KeplerGO/kpub

Slide 16

Slide 16 text

Image: Flickr user susivinh

Slide 17

Slide 17 text

Image: ESA/Rosetta/OSIRIS

Slide 18

Slide 18 text

Image: ESA

Slide 19

Slide 19 text

Image: NASA

Slide 20

Slide 20 text

Image: PanSTARRS

Slide 21

Slide 21 text

PI Team Citizen Scientists Astronomers Aerospace Engineers Public Media Instrument Builders Public Resources Ex-Astronomers Makers

Slide 22

Slide 22 text

` PI teams and hardware/software builders deserve recognition and jobs Image: White House

Slide 23

Slide 23 text

Using proprietary data as a reward system bears a significant cost … we are slowing down science by 1 to 5+ years; we are reducing the impact of limited-lifetime missions; we are blocking early-career researchers from showing their skills & talents; we are reducing diversity by reserving facilities for rich institutions; we are discouraging the public from active participation in science.

Slide 24

Slide 24 text

No content

Slide 25

Slide 25 text

No content

Slide 26

Slide 26 text

No content

Slide 27

Slide 27 text

TITLE OF A PAPER YOU WANTED TO WRITE “But I might get scooped!”

Slide 28

Slide 28 text

We can have more than one paper on the same data or discovery

Slide 29

Slide 29 text

Slide from https:/ /speakerdeck.com/jakevdp/in-defense-of-extreme-openness

Slide 30

Slide 30 text

So what about Kepler/K2?

Slide 31

Slide 31 text

As of 2014 Kepler uses solar photon pressure to balance itself

Slide 32

Slide 32 text

Apr-Jun 2016 Jul-Sep 2016 The K2 mission now surveys different fields along the ecliptic

Slide 33

Slide 33 text

No content

Slide 34

Slide 34 text

No content

Slide 35

Slide 35 text

Rebull et al. 2016

Slide 36

Slide 36 text

K2 data shows significant systematics due to targets drifting 1-2px across the detector Vanderburg et al. 2015

Slide 37

Slide 37 text

Faced by a limited lifetime and new systematics, K2 took the open approach: – No proprietary data: all those with the right skills and talents can benefit from the data. – Competition: we fund different groups to do the same science ($10k-$150k grants). – Community products: large, funded K2 programs are required to release value-added data and software.

Slide 38

Slide 38 text

No content

Slide 39

Slide 39 text

Open sharing of planet candidates and follow-up observations

Slide 40

Slide 40 text

K2 data contributed to 137 publications so far

Slide 41

Slide 41 text

K2’s early productivity outperforms Kepler’s! Kepler exoplanet papers (first two years) K2 exoplanet papers (first two years) 42 48 K2 literature features more unique authors & more unique institutions.

Slide 42

Slide 42 text

K2’s open data policy empowers early-career astronomers

Slide 43

Slide 43 text

NASA’s 2016 Astrophysics Senior Review

Slide 44

Slide 44 text

Call to action Question the use of restrictive policies and proprietary periods; they are harmful to science and to early-career astronomers. Question the notion that we can’t have more than one paper on the same data or discovery. Don’t fear your colleagues, fear losing public support for science.