Getting touchy - an introduction to touch and pointer events / JavaScript Days 2016

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getting touchy AN INTRODUCTION TO TOUCH AND POINTER EVENTS Patrick H. Lauke / Last major changes: 18 March 2016

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about me... • senior accessibility consultant at The Paciello Group • previously developer relations at Opera • member of W3C Touch Events Community Group • chair (since March 2016) of W3C Pointer Events Working Group

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github.com/patrickhlauke/getting-touchy-presentation "evergreen" expanded version of this presentation (and branches for speciﬁc conferences)

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch

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Touch/pointer events test results

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my JavaScript sucks... (but will hopefully convey the right concepts)

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“how can I make my website work on touch devices?”

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you don't need touch events browsers emulate regular mouse events

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_mouse-only.html

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_mouse-only.html

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compatibility mouse events (mouseenter) > mouseover > mousemove* > mousedown > (focus) > mouseup > click * only a single “sacriﬁcial” mousemove event ﬁred

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on first tap (mouseenter) > mouseover > mousemove > mousedown > (focus) > mouseup > click subsequent taps mousemove > mousedown > mouseup > click tapping away (mouseout) > (blur) focus / blur only on focusable elements; subtle differences between browsers Mobile/tablet touchscreen activation/tap event order

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emulation works, but is limiting/problematic

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1. delayed event dispatch 2. hover/mouseover interfaces 3. mousemove doesn't track

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1. delayed event dispatch 2. hover/mouseover interfaces 3. mousemove doesn't track

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_show-delay.html

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_show-delay.html

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1. delayed event dispatch 2. hover/mouseover interfaces 3. mousemove doesn't track

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/css-dropdown/mouse-only.html

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1. delayed event dispatch 2. hover/mouseover interfaces 3. mousemove doesn't track

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/particle/2

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/particle/2

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“we need to go deeper...”

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touch events introduced by Apple, adopted in Chrome/Firefox/Opera (and belatedly IE/Edge – more on that later) www.w3.org/TR/touch-events

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caniuse.com: Can I use touch events?

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touchstart touchmove touchend touchcancel

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_all-no-timings.html

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_all-no-timings.html Bug 128534 - 'mouseenter' mouse compat event not ﬁred...

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events fired on tap touchstart > [touchmove]+ > touchend > (mouseenter) > mouseover > mousemove > mousedown > (focus) > mouseup > click (mouse events only ﬁred for single-ﬁnger tap)

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on first tap touchstart > [touchmove]+ > touchend > (mouseenter) > mouseover > mousemove > mousedown > (focus) > mouseup > click subsequent taps touchstart > [touchmove]+ > touchend > mousemove > mousedown > mouseup > click tapping away mouseout > (mouseleave) > (blur)

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• too many touchmove events prevent mouse compatibility events after touchend (not considered a "clean" tap) • too many touchmove events on activatable elements can lead to touchcancel (in old Chrome/Browser versions) • not all browsers consistently send touchmove • differences in focus / blur and some mouse compatibility events (e.g. mouseenter / mouseleave ) • some events may only ﬁre when tapping away to another focusable element (e.g. blur ) some browsers outright weird...

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Browser/Android 4.3 mouseover > mousemove > touchstart > touchend > mousedown > mouseup > click Browser/Blackberry PlayBook 2.0 touchstart > mouseover > mousemove > mousedown > touchend > mouseup > click UC Browser 10.8/Android 6 mouseover > mousemove > touchstart > (touchmove)+ > touchend > mousedown > focus > mouseup > click

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Touch/pointer events test results

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shouldn't affect your code, unless you're expecting a very speciﬁc sequence...

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touch events vs limitations/problems

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1. delayed event dispatch 2. hover/mouseover interfaces 3. mousemove doesn't track

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1. delayed event dispatch 2. hover/mouseover interfaces 3. mousemove doesn't track

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_show-delay.html

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why the delay? double-tap to zoom (mostly anyway)

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when does the delay happen?

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener.html

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener.html

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touch / mouse events delay touchstart > [touchmove]+ > touchend > [300ms delay] (mouseenter) > mouseover > mousemove > mousedown > (focus) > mouseup > click

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“how can we make it feel responsive like a native app?”

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react to events ﬁred before the 300ms delay...

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touchstart for an “immediate” control (e.g. ﬁre/jump button on a game)

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touchend for a control that fires after finger lifted (but this can result in events firing after zoom/scroll)

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don't make it touch-exclusive

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interlude: simple feature detection for touch events

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/* feature detection for touch events */ if ( 'ontouchstart' in window ) { /* some clever stuff here */ } /* older browsers have flaky support so more hacky tests needed...use Modernizr.touch or similar */

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/* common performance “trick” */ var clickEvent = ( 'ontouchstart' in window ? 'touchend' : 'click' ); blah.addEventListener( clickEvent , function() { ... }, false);

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/* common performance “trick” */ var clickEvent = ( 'ontouchstart' in window ? 'touchend' : 'click'); ... /* if touch events are supported, only listen to touchend, not click */

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hybrid devices touch + mouse + keyboard

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_naive-touch-or-mouse.html

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Bug 888304 - touch-events on Firefox-desktop should be disabled until we can support them properly

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Issue 392584: TouchEvent API should be enabled consistently

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even on "mobile" we can have multiple inputs...

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Windows 10 "Continuum"

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Android + mouse – behaves like touch touchstart > touchend > mouseover > mousemove > mousedown > (focus) > mouseup > click

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Blackberry PlayBook 2.0 + mouse - like desktop mouseover > mousedown > (mousemove)+ > mouseup > click

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Blackberry Leap (BBOS 10.1) + mouse - like desktop mouseover > mousedown > (mousemove)+ > mouseup > click

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Windows 10 Mobile/Microsoft Edge + mouse - like desktop mouseover > mousedown > (mousemove)+ > mouseup > click

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Android + keyboard – like desktop keyboard (TAB / ENTER) focus / click

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iOS keyboard only works in same situations as on-screen keyboard (e.g. text inputs, URL entry)

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VoiceOver enables full keyboard access on iOS

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iOS + keyboard – similar to touch (TAB / ENTER) focus / touchstart > touchend > (mouseenter) > mouseover > mousemove > mousedown > blur > mouseup > click

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mobile Assistive Technologies (e.g. screen readers on touchscreen devices)

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iOS + VoiceOver (with/without keyboard) – similar to touch focus / touchstart > touchend > (mouseenter) > mouseover > mousemove > mousedown > blur > mouseup > click

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Android 4.3/Chrome + TalkBack – keyboard/mouse hybrid focus / blur > mousedown > mouseup > click > focus

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Android 6.1/Chrome + TalkBack – simulates touch touchstart > touchend > mouseover > mouseenter > mousemove > mousedown > focus > mouseup > click

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Android 6.1/Firefox + TalkBack – similar to touch touchstart > mousedown > focus > touchend > mouseup > click

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further scenarios? • desktop with external touchscreen • desktop with external touchpad • touchscreen laptop with non-touch second screen • touchscreen laptop with trackpad/mouse • ...and other permutations?

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no way to detect these cases...

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Modernizr.touch detects touch events not touch devices

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Stu Cox: You can't detect a touchscreen

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hacks.mozilla.org - Detecting touch [...]

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/* feature detection for touch events */ if ('ontouchstart' in window) { /* browser supports touch events but user is not necessarily using touch (exclusively) */ /* it could be a mobile, tablet, desktop, fridge ... */ }

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touch or mouse or keyboard

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touch and mouse and keyboard

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/* doubled-up event listeners */ foo.addEventListener(' touchend ', someFunction, false); foo.addEventListener(' click ', someFunction, false); /* but this would fire our function twice for touch? */ patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_naive-event-doubling.html

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/* doubled-up event listeners */ foo.addEventListener('touchend', function(e) { /* prevent mouse events + click */ e.preventDefault(); /* then trigger the function */ someFunction(e); }, false); foo.addEventListener('click', someFunction, false); patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_naive-event-doubling-ﬁxed.html

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/* doubled-up event listeners */ foo.addEventListener('touchend', someFunction, false); foo.addEventListener('click', someFunction, false); /* prevent mouse events + click as part of the common handler */ function someFunction(e) { ... if (e.type == 'touchend') { e.preventDefault(); } ... }

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preventDefault() kills scrolling, pinch/zoom, etc

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apply preventDefault() carefully (just on buttons/links, not entire page)

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github.com/ftlabs/fastclick

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/fastclick YouTube: iOS/Safari 300ms click delay: vanilla Bootstrap and using fastclick.js

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/fastclick/fastclick.html YouTube: iOS/Safari 300ms click delay: vanilla Bootstrap and using fastclick.js

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browsers working to remove double-tap to zoom delay (when page not zoomable)

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_user-scalable-no.html

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_user-scalable-no.html

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... content="minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1" patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_minimum-maximum-scale.html

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... content="minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1" patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_minimum-maximum-scale.html

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Bug 922896 - Optimizations to remove 300ms [...] delay [RESOLVED FIXED]

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what about Apple?

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_user-scalable-no.html

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iOS/Safari designed themselves into a corner: “double-tap to scroll” Bug 122212 - Optimizations to remove 300ms touch > mouse events delay

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however, Apple did ﬁnally change its mind...

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Changeset 191072 - Web pages with unscalable viewports shouldn't have a single tap delay (change coming to iOS 9.3 – currently in beta)

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what about accessibility?

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"Force enable zoom" reintroduces delay – a fair compromise? patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_user-scalable-no.html

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"mobile optimised" viewport and "double-tap to zoom"

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Chrome 32+ / Android: content="width=device-width" suppresses double-tap-to-zoom, still allows pinch zoom Google Developers: 300ms tap delay, gone away

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Bug 941995 - Remove 300ms [...] on "responsive" pages [RESOLVED FIXED]

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Bug 150604 - Implement viewport-width-based fast-click heuristic (change coming to iOS 9.3 – currently in beta)

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Bug 151077 - Fast-clicking should trigger when scale is equal to explicitly set initial scale (change coming to iOS 9.3 – currently in beta)

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WebKit blog: More Responsive Tapping on iOS (change coming to iOS 9.3 – currently in beta)

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/results/#suppressing-300ms-delay

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1. delayed event dispatch 2. hover/mouseover interfaces 3. mousemove doesn't track

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/css-dropdown/mouse-only.html

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no concept of hover on touch devices iOS fakes it, Samsung Galaxy Note II/Pro + stylus, ...

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/css-dropdown/mouse-only.html

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/css-dropdown/mouse-only.html

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iOS "fakes" hover support: stops event sequence on content change iOS Developer Library - Safari Web Content Guide - Handling Events

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YouTube: Samsung Galaxy Note Pro 12.2 stylus hover ...but you can't rely on this, as most devices don't have it...

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Modernizr: Detecting a mouse user

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what about CSS4 Media Queries?

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W3C Media Queries Level 4 (Editor's Draft)

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/* MQ4 Interaction Media Features*/ pointer: none | coarse | fine hover: none | on-demand | hover any-pointer: none | coarse | fine any-hover: none | on-demand | hover

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dev.opera - Interaction Media Features and their potential (for incorrect assumptions)

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/pointer-hover-any-pointer-any-hover primary input is unchanged (and Chrome/Android required a full restart)

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/* Naive uses of Interaction Media Features */ @media (hover: hover) { /* primary input has hover...so we can rely on it? */ } @media (pointer: fine) { /* primary input has fine pointer precision... so make all buttons/controls small? */ } /* hover and pointer only check "primary" input, but what if there's a secondary input that lacks capabilities? */

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/* Better uses of Interaction Media Features */ @media (any-hover: none) { /* at least one input lacks hover capability... don't rely on it or avoid altogether */ } @media (any-pointer: coarse) { /* at least one input has coarse pointer precision... provide larger buttons/controls for touch */ } /* test for presence of *any* "least capable" input (primary or not) */

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detect which input the users is using right now...

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GitHub: ten1seven / what-input

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Demo: What Input?

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avoid hover/mouseover interfaces?

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complement for keyboard/touch!

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/css-dropdown/mouse-keyboard.html

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/css-dropdown/mouse-keyboard-touch.html

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1. delayed event dispatch 2. hover/mouseover interfaces 3. mousemove doesn't track

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/particle/2

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/particle/2

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events fired on tap touchstart > [touchmove]+ > touchend > (mouseenter) > mouseover > mousemove* > mousedown > (focus) > mouseup > click * mouse event emulation ﬁres only a single mousemove too many touchmove events prevent mouse compatibility events after touchend

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doubling up handling of mousemove and touchmove

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var posX, posY; ... function positionHandler(e) { posX = e.clientX ; posY = e.clientY ; } ... canvas.addEventListener(' mousemove ', positionHandler, false);

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var posX, posY; ... function positionHandler(e) { posX = e.clientX ; posY = e.clientY ; } ... canvas.addEventListener(' mousemove ', positionHandler, false); canvas.addEventListener(' touchmove ', positionHandler, false); /* but this won't work for touch... */

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interface MouseEvent : UIEvent { readonly attribute long screenX ; readonly attribute long screenY ; readonly attribute long clientX ; readonly attribute long clientY ; readonly attribute boolean ctrlKey; readonly attribute boolean shiftKey; readonly attribute boolean altKey; readonly attribute boolean metaKey; readonly attribute unsigned short button; readonly attribute EventTarget relatedTarget; // [DOM4] UI Events readonly attribute unsigned short buttons; }; www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Events/events.html#Events-MouseEvent www.w3.org/TR/uievents/#events-mouseevents

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partial interface MouseEvent { readonly attribute double screenX; readonly attribute double screenY; readonly attribute double pageX ; readonly attribute double pageY ; readonly attribute double clientX; readonly attribute double clientY; readonly attribute double x ; readonly attribute double y ; readonly attribute double offsetX ; readonly attribute double offsetY ; }; www.w3.org/TR/cssom-view/#extensions-to-the-mouseevent- interface

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interface TouchEvent : UIEvent { readonly attribute TouchList touches ; readonly attribute TouchList targetTouches ; readonly attribute TouchList changedTouches ; readonly attribute boolean altKey; readonly attribute boolean metaKey; readonly attribute boolean ctrlKey; readonly attribute boolean shiftKey; }; www.w3.org/TR/touch-events/#touchevent-interface

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interface Touch { readonly attribute long identifier; readonly attribute EventTarget target; readonly attribute long screenX ; readonly attribute long screenY ; readonly attribute long clientX ; readonly attribute long clientY ; readonly attribute long pageX ; readonly attribute long pageY ; }; www.w3.org/TR/touch-events/#touch-interface

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TouchList differences touches all touch points on screen targetTouches all touch points that started on the element changedTouches touch points that caused the event to ﬁre

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changedTouches depending on event: • for touchstart , all new touch points that became active • for touchmove , all touch points that changed/moved since last event • for touchend / touchcancel , touch points that were removed (and are not active anymore at this point)

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/touchlist-objects

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var posX, posY; ... function positionHandler(e) { if ((e.clientX)&&(e.clientY)) { posX = e.clientX; posY = e.clientY; } else if (e.targetTouches) { posX = e.targetTouches[0].clientX; posY = e.targetTouches[0].clientY; e.preventDefault() ; } } ... canvas.addEventListener('mousemove', positionHandler, false ); canvas.addEventListener('touchmove', positionHandler, false );

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TouchList collections order • order of individual Touch objects in a TouchList can change • e.g. targetTouches[0] not guaranteed to always be the same finger when dealing with multitouch • not problematic for single-finger interactions, but use identifier property for each Touch to explicitly track a particular touch point / finger in multitouch

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/particle/3

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/particle/4a

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/paranoid_0.5 www.splintered.co.uk/experiments/archives/paranoid_0.5

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/picture-slider

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Basic mouse-driven fake slider Exercise/demo: expand mouse-driven code to also work with touch

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tracking ﬁnger movement over time ... swipe gestures

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/swipe

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/swipe

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don't forget mouse/keyboard!

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bradfrostweb.com/demo/mobile-ﬁrst

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touchmove ﬁres...a lot!

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do absolute minimum on each touchmove (usually: store coordinates)

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do heavy lifting (drawing etc.) separately, avoid queueing (e.g. using setTimeout and/or requestAnimationFrame )

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debounce / throttle events

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GitHub: m-gagne / limit.js

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Function.prototype.debounce = function (milliseconds, context) { var baseFunction = this, timer = null, wait = milliseconds; return function () { var self = context || this, args = arguments; function complete() { baseFunction.apply(self, args); timer = null; } if (timer) { clearTimeout(timer); } timer = setTimeout(complete, wait); }; }; window.addEventListener('touchmove', myFunction.debounce(250) );

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Function.prototype.throttle = function (milliseconds, context) { var baseFunction = this, lastEventTimestamp = null, limit = milliseconds; return function () { var self = context || this, args = arguments, now = Date.now(); if (!lastEventTimestamp || now - lastEventTimestamp >= limit) { lastEventTimestamp = now; baseFunction.apply(self, args); } }; }; window.addEventListener('touchmove', myFunction.throttle(250) );

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/touch-limit

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why stop at a single point? multitouch support

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/* iterate over touch array */ for (i=0; i< e.targetTouches .length; i++) { ... posX = e.targetTouches[i].clientX ; posY = e.targetTouches[i].clientY ; ... }

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tracker/multi-touch-tracker.html

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iOS/iPad preventDefault() can't override 4-ﬁnger gestures

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iOS7+ Safari/WebView preventDefault() can't override edge swipes

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YouTube: iOS/Safari (iPhone) can't prevent edge swipe gestures

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Chrome/iOS (WebView) custom swipe, also can't be prevented patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tracker/multi-touch-tracker.html

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multitouch gestures

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/* iOS/Safari/WebView has gesture events for size/rotation, not part of the W3C Touch Events spec. */ gesturestart / gesturechange / gestureend function(e) { /* e.scale e.rotation */ } /* not supported in Chrome/Firefox/Opera */

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/iosgestures

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/iosgestures/image.html

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/* with some trigonometry we can replicate these from basic principles. */ var distance = Math.sqrt(Math.pow(...)+Math.pow(...)); var angle = Math.atan2(...);

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/pinch-zoom-rotate

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/picture-organiser

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not all old/cheap devices/OSs support multitouch!

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HTC Hero – Android 2.1

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LG Optimus 2X – Android 2.3.7

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ZTE Open – Firefox OS 1.1

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Touch Events speciﬁcation grey areas...

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do touch events ﬁre during scroll/zoom?

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not deﬁned in spec, but de facto yes in most modern browsers patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/gesture-touch

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different models and behaviours, particularly in old browsers YouTube: Touch Events and scrolling/zooming (playlist)

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e.g. older versions of Chrome ﬁre touchcancel on scroll/zoom YouTube: Google Developers - Mobile Web Thursdays: Performance on Mobile

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Google Developers: A More Compatible, Smoother Touch (lots more complexity / edge cases, particularly for old browsers/devices)

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non-standard iOS quirks...

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making generic elements clickable...

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iOS Developer Library - Safari Web Content Guide - Handling Events - Making Elements Clickable

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/ios-clickable/

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contrary to Apple's docs, onclick="" seems unnecessary (at least since iOS6, maybe earlier) patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/ios-clickable/

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mouse + click event bubbling on touch (important when using event delegation)

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Quirksmode: Mouse event bubbling in iOS

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/bubbling/button.html

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/bubbling/link.html

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/bubbling/div.html

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/bubbling/div-onclick-target.html

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/bubbling/div-onclick-ancestor.html

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/bubbling/div-addeventlistener-target.html

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/bubbling/div-addeventlistener-ancestor.html

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/bubbling/div-cursorpointer-target.html

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/bubbling/div-cursorpointer-ancestor.html

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mouse + click bubbling in iOS • target element is a link or form control • target or any ancestor (up to but not including body ) has explicit mouse or click handler (even if only empty function) • target or any ancestor (up to and including document ) has cursor:pointer Quirksmode: Mouse event bubbling in iOS

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Touch Events extensions...

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W3C Touch Events Extensions WG Note

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/* Extension to touch objects */ partial interface Touch { readonly attribute float radiusX; readonly attribute float radiusY; readonly attribute float rotationAngle; readonly attribute float force; };

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Google Developers: Using rotationAngle and touchRadius

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/* Touch Events – contact geometry */ partial interface Touch { readonly attribute float radiusX ; readonly attribute float radiusY ; readonly attribute float rotationAngle ; readonly attribute float force; };

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tracker/tracker-radius-rotationangle.html YouTube: Touch Events: radiusX, radiusY and rotationAngle

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Rick Byers - Paint (with rotationAngle and touchRadius)

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/* Touch Events – force */ partial interface Touch { readonly attribute float radiusX; readonly attribute float radiusY; readonly attribute float rotationAngle; readonly attribute float force ; }; force : value in range 0 – 1 . if no hardware support 0 (some devices, e.g. Nexus 10, "fake" force based on radiusX / radiusY )

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tracker/tracker-force-pressure.html iPhone 6s with 3D Touch supports force ... (Safari and WKWebView, e.g. Chrome/iOS, but not UIWebView, e.g. Firefox/iOS)

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tracker/tracker-force-pressure.html ...while in non-3D Touch models (e.g. iPhone 5c) force == 0

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3D Touch ≠ Force Touch • Force Touch is Apple's proprietary extension to mouse events • only aimed at force-enabled trackpads (new Apple models) • new events: webkitmouseforcewillbegin , webkitmouseforcedown , webkitmouseforceup , webkitmouseforcechanged • mouse events have additional webkitForce property Safari Developer Library: Responding to Force Touch Events

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Google Developers: Precision Touch for Precise Gestures

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Bug 133180 - Consider exposing fractional Touch co-ordinates

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interface Touch { readonly attribute long identifier; readonly attribute EventTarget target; readonly attribute long float screenX; readonly attribute long float screenY; readonly attribute long float clientX; readonly attribute long float clientY; readonly attribute long float pageX; readonly attribute long float pageY; };

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W3C Touch Events Community Group

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W3C Web Events WG - Touch Events errata (early effort to clarify grey areas, simplify language used)

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W3C Touch Events - Level 2 (Editor's Draft) (merges errata, touch events extensions, fractional touch coordinates)

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what about Internet Explorer?

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up to IE9 (Win7 / WinPhone7.5) only mouse events

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in IE10 Microsoft introduced Pointer Events

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uniﬁes mouse, touch and pen input into a single event model

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...and some new inputs (though currently mapped to mouse) Building Xbox One Apps using HTML and JavaScript YouTube: Xbox One Edge Browser sends Pointer Events

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not just some “not invented here” technology

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submitted by Microsoft as W3C Candidate REC 09 May 2013

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Pointer Events - W3C REC 24 February 2015

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work now continues to enhance/expand Pointer Events... W3C Pointer Events - Level 2 (Editor's Draft)

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html5labs.interoperabilitybridges.com/prototypes/...

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Issue 162757: Implement pointer events in Chrome behind experimental ﬂag (however, more on this later...)

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chrome.exe --enable-blink-features=PointerEvent

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Bug 822898 - Implement pointer events

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about:config / dom.w3c_pointer_events.enabled

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caniuse.com: Can I use pointer events?

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...what about Apple?

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Bug 105463 - Implement pointer events RESOLVED WONTFIX

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Maciej Stachowiak - [webkit-dev] pointer events speciﬁcation - ﬁrst editors draft

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@patrick_h_lauke paraphrasing Apple's stance on Pointer Events...

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Apple Pencil currently indistinguishable from touch in browser / JavaScript (no tilt information, ﬁres touch events)

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the anatomy of Pointer Events (sequence, event object, ...)

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_all-no-timings.html

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_all-no-timings.html

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events fired on tap (IE10/IE11) mousemove* > pointerover > mouseover > pointerenter > mouseenter > pointerdown > mousedown > gotpointercapture > focus > pointermove > mousemove > pointerup > mouseup > lostpointercapture > pointerout > mouseout > pointerleave > mouseleave > click mouse events fired “inline” with pointer events (for a primary pointer, e.g. first finger on screen)

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current IE10/11 quirk ... pointerup > mouseup > lostpointercapture > pointerout > mouseout > pointerleave > mouseleave > click the fact that click comes last is a current IE10/11 quirk – according to spec it should come after pointerup > mouseup , and does already when using touch-action W3C Pointer Events WG mailing list - Jacob Rossi (Microsoft)

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_all-no-timings.html

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events fired on tap (Edge) mousemove* > pointerover > mouseover > pointerenter > mouseenter > pointerdown > mousedown > focus gotpointercapture > pointermove > mousemove > pointerup > mouseup > lostpointercapture > click > pointerout > mouseout > pointerleave > mouseleave note click ﬁred correctly after pointerup in Microsoft Edge

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vendorprefixed in IE10 MSPointerDown etc navigator.msMaxTouchPoints -ms-touch-action unpreﬁxed in IE11 (but preﬁxed versions still mapped for compatibility)

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/* Pointer Events extend Mouse Events vs Touch Events and their completely new objects/arrays */ interface PointerEvent : MouseEvent { readonly attribute long pointerId; readonly attribute long width; readonly attribute long height; readonly attribute float pressure; readonly attribute long tiltX; readonly attribute long tiltY; readonly attribute DOMString pointerType; readonly attribute boolean isPrimary; } /* plus all the classic MouseEvent attributes like clientX , clientY , etc */

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simple feature detection for pointer events

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/* detecting pointer events support */ if ( window.PointerEvent ) { /* some clever stuff here but this covers touch, stylus, mouse, etc */ } /* still listen to click for keyboard! */

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"don't forget about keyboard users" note in Pointer Events spec

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/* detect maximum number of touch points */ if ( navigator.maxTouchPoints > 0 ) { /* device with a touchscreen */ } if ( navigator.maxTouchPoints > 1 ) { /* multitouch-capable device */ }

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are pointer events better?

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pointer events vs limitations/problems of mouse event emulation

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1. delayed event dispatch 2. hover/mouseover interfaces 3. mousemove doesn't track

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1. delayed event dispatch 2. hover/mouseover interfaces 3. mousemove doesn't track

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener.html (IE11/WinPhone 8.1 Update no optimization for width=device-width )

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener.html (IE/Win8 has double-tap to zoom, so problem on desktop too)

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener.html (Microsoft Edge/Win10 has double-tap to zoom, so problem on desktop too)

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pointer / mouse events and delay ... [300ms delay] click ... 300ms delay just before click event

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“how can we make it feel responsive like a native app?”

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we could try a similar approach to touch events...

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• double-up pointerup and click listeners? • prevent code ﬁring twice with preventDefault ? won't work: preventDefault() stops mouse compatibility events, but click is not considered mouse compatibility event

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener.html

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a more declarative approach with touch-action

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CSS property what action should the browser handle? touch-action: auto | none | [ pan-x || pan-y ] | manipulation www.w3.org/TR/pointerevents/#the-touch-action-css-property only determines default touch action, does not stop compatibility mouse events nor click

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Pointer Events Level 2 (editor's draft) expanded set of values (useful for pull-to-refresh, carousels, etc) touch-action: auto | none | [ [ pan-x | pan-left | pan-right ] || [ pan-y | pan-up | pan-down ] ] | manipulation w3c.github.io/pointerevents/#the-touch-action-css-property

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touch-action:none (suppress all default browser behaviour)

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_touch[...]

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_touch[...]

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touch-action:none kills scrolling, long-press, pinch/zoom

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touch-action:manipulation (suppress double-tap-to-zoom)

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_touch[...]

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_touch[...]

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Bug 979345 - Implement touch-action:manipulation [...]

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Issue 349016: Add support for touch-action:manipulation

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Bug 149854 - Implement touch-action: manipulation; for iOS

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caniuse.com: Can I use touch-action?

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browsers working to remove double-tap to zoom delay (when page not zoomable)

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_user-scalable-no.html

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... content="minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1" patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_minimum-maximum-scale.html

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"Allow zooming on all web content" reintroduces delay patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_user-scalable-no.html

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"Allow zooming on all web content" reintroduces delay patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_minimum-maximum-scale.html

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"Allow zooming..." option currently missing in Win 10 Mobile

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width=device-width still has delay in IE11/WinPhone 8.1 Update patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_width-device-width.html

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Microsoft Edge removes delay for width=device-width patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener_width-device-width.html

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1. delayed event dispatch 2. hover/mouseover interfaces 3. mousemove doesn't track

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MSDN: Hover touch support

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MSDN: Using aria-haspopup to simulate hover on touch-enabled devices dirty/inappropriate hack, but interesting experiment nonetheless

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/css-dropdown/mouse-only-aria-haspopup.html

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Channel9 MSDN - IE11: Using Hover Menus with Touch tap-and-hold to trigger hover menus...

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1. delayed event dispatch 2. hover/mouseover interfaces 3. mousemove doesn't track

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/particle/2 mousemove / pointermove ﬁre, but browser scroll action takes over

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you can "fake" it with touch-action:none and listen for mouse events...

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/particle/2a (does not work in Microsoft Edge/Windows 10 Mobile due to touch events support)

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better: just listen to pointermove...

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no need for separate mouse or touch event listeners

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/* touch events: separate handling */ foo.addEventListener('touchmove', ... , false); foo.addEventListener('mousemove', ... , false); /* pointer events: single listener for mouse, stylus, touch */ foo.addEventListener(' pointermove ', ... , false);

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no need for separate mouse or touch code to get x / y coords

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/* Pointer Events extend Mouse Events */ foo.addEventListener(' pointermove ', function(e) { ... posX = e.clientX ; posY = e.clientY ; ... }, false); www.w3.org/TR/pointerevents/#pointerevent-interface

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3D Rotator by Creative Punch coded to only use mouse events

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3D Rotator modiﬁed to use Pointer Events minimal code changes, as Pointer Events extend mouse events

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Basic mouse-driven fake slider Exercise/demo: convert mouse-driven code to use Pointer Events

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but you can distinguish mouse or touch or stylus

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foo.addEventListener('pointermove', function(e) { ... switch( e.pointerType ) { case ' mouse ': ... break; case ' pen ': ... break; case ' touch ': ... break; default : /* future-proof */ } ... } , false);

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/* in IE11/Edge, pointerType returns a string in IE10, the return type is long */ MSPOINTER_TYPE_TOUCH: 0x00000002 MSPOINTER_TYPE_PEN: 0x00000003 MSPOINTER_TYPE_MOUSE: 0x00000004 MSDN: IE Dev Center - API reference - pointerType property

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what about multitouch?

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/* PointerEvents don't have the handy TouchList objects, so we have to replicate something similar... */ var points = []; switch (e.type) { case ' pointerdown ': /* add to the array */ break; case ' pointermove ': /* update the relevant array entry's x and y */ break; case ' pointerup ': case ' pointercancel ': /* remove the relevant array entry */ break; }

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tracker/multi-touch-tracker-pointer.html (note multiple isPrimary pointers, per pointer type)

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tracker/multi-touch-tracker-pointer-hud.html

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simultaneous use of inputs is hardware-dependent (e.g. Surface 3 "palm blocking" prevents concurrent touch/stylus/mouse, but not touch/external mouse/external stylus)

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YouTube: Pointer Events support multiple stylus/pen inputs simultaneously

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/* like iOS/Safari, IE/Win has higher-level gestures , but these are not part of the W3C Pointer Events spec. Replicate these from basic principles again... */ MSDN IE10 Developer Guide: Gesture object and events

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extended capabilities (if supported by hardware)

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/* Pointer Events - pressure */ interface PointerEvent : MouseEvent { readonly attribute long pointerId; readonly attribute long width; readonly attribute long height; readonly attribute float pressure ; readonly attribute long tiltX; readonly attribute long tiltY; readonly attribute DOMString pointerType; readonly attribute boolean isPrimary; } pressure : value in range 0 – 1 . if no hardware support, 0.5 in active button state, 0 otherwise

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tracker/... YouTube: Touch tracker with Surface 3 pen

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hovering stylus • hardware-dependant • pointermove ﬁres • pressure == 0 (non-active button state) • track pointerdown / pointerup to be safe

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/* Pointer Events - contact geometry */ interface PointerEvent : MouseEvent { readonly attribute long pointerId; readonly attribute long width ; readonly attribute long height ; readonly attribute float pressure; readonly attribute long tiltX; readonly attribute long tiltY; readonly attribute DOMString pointerType; readonly attribute boolean isPrimary; } if hardware can't detect contact geometry, either 0 or "best guess" (e.g. for mouse/stylus, return width / height of 1 )

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tracker/tracker-width-height.html YouTube: Pointer Events width and height ...

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tracker/multi-touch-tracker-pointer-hud.html (Nokia Lumia 520: pressure is 0.5 - active state - and width / height is 0 )

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/* Pointer Events - tilt */ interface PointerEvent : MouseEvent { readonly attribute long pointerId; readonly attribute long width; readonly attribute long height; readonly attribute float pressure; readonly attribute long tiltX ; readonly attribute long tiltY ; readonly attribute DOMString pointerType; readonly attribute boolean isPrimary; } tiltX / tiltY : value in degrees -90 – 90 . returns 0 if hardware does not support tilt

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/pen-tracker YouTube: ...pen with tilt, pressure and hover support

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pointermove ﬁres if any property changes, not just x/y position ( width , height , tiltX , tiltY , pressure )

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pointer capture (implicit vs explicit)

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• touch events have implicit capture: once you start a touch movement on an element, events keep firing to the element even when moving outside the element's boundaries • pointer events behave like mouse events: only fire events to an element while pointer (e.g. finger on touchscreen) inside element, but you can explicitly capture pointers

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/* events related to pointer capture */ gotpointercapture / lostpointercapture /* example of how to capture a pointer explicitly */ element.addEventListener('pointerdown', function(e) { this. setPointerCapture(e.pointerId) ; }, false } /* capture automatically released on pointerup / pointercancel or explicitly with releasePointerCapture() */ patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/pointercapture.html

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pointer events as the future?

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Issue 162757: Implement pointer events in Chrome behind experimental ﬂag WontFix

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YouTube: Google Developers - HTTP 203: Pointer Events

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1. performance issues (hit-testing) 2. unified event model not "mobile first" 3. difficult to implement "pull to refresh" 4. we already have touch events

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1. performance issues (hit-testing) 2. unified event model not "mobile first" 3. difficult to implement "pull to refresh" 4. we already have touch events 5. Apple won't implement them...

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Jacob Rossi: comment on YouTube video 'HTTP 203: Pointer Events'

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Issue 404128: Extend TouchEvent API to have the power of PointerEvents...

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following developer outcry, Google reverted course

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blink-dev › Intent to Implement: Pointer Events

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touch events in IE/Edge

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MSDN IEBlog: The Mobile Web should just work for everyone Windows Phone 8.1 Update now supports Pointer Events and Touch Events

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MSDN IEBlog: Making the web “just work” with any input: Mouse, Touch, and Pointer Events

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"frankensteining" pointer and touch events

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touchstart > [touchmove]+ > touchend > [300ms delay] > mouseover > mousemove > mousedown > mouseup > click vs pointerover > mouseover > pointerdown > mousedown > pointermove > mousemove > pointerup > mouseup > [300ms delay] > click > pointerout > mouseout > pointerleave > mouseleave

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener.html

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events fired on tap (IE11) mousemove* > pointerover > mouseover > pointerenter > mouseenter > pointerdown > touchstart > mousedown > gotpointercapture > focus > pointermove > touchmove > mousemove > pointerup > touchend > mouseup > lostpointercapture > pointerout > mouseout > pointerleave > mouseleave > click IE11/Windows Phone 8.1u1 with "frankensteined" Pointer/Touch Events support (but not on desktop)

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/tests/event-listener.html

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events fired on tap (Edge 13) mousemove > pointerover > mouseover > pointerenter > mouseenter > pointerdown > touchstart > mousedown > focus gotpointercapture pointermove > mousemove > pointerup > touchend > mouseup > click > lostpointercapture > pointerout > mouseout > pointerleave > mouseleave essentially, relevant Touch Events after pointerdown and pointerup

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correctly ﬁres touch events on scroll/zoom patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/gesture-touch/

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touch events only turned on for mobile

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W3C Touch Events WG mailing list Jacob Rossi - Enabling Touch Events everywhere

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about:flags in Microsoft Edge to turn on touch events on desktop (e.g. touch-enabled laptops)

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transitional event handling (until all browsers support pointer events)

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/* cover all cases (hat-tip Stu Cox) */ if ('onpointerdown' in window) { /* bind to Pointer Events: pointerdown, pointerup, etc */ } else { /* bind to mouse events: mousedown, mouseup, etc */ if ('ontouchstart' in window) { /* bind to Touch Events: touchstart, touchend, etc */ } } /* bind to keyboard / click */

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polyﬁlls for pointer events (code for tomorrow, today)

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HandJS

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/handjs/listener/event-listener.html

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events fired on tap with HandJS touchstart > pointerover > pointerenter > pointerdown > [touchmove > pointermove ]+ > touchend > pointerup > pointerout > pointerleave > [300ms delay] pointerenter > mouseenter > mousemove* > mousedown > mouseup > click (not correct order, but close enough?)

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/handjs/tracker/tracker-just-pointer-handjs.html for all pointers isPrimary==true , touch-action ignored/broken (e.g. scrolling), can't handle touch and mouse simultaneously on touchscreen laptop

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Polymer

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GitHub - Polymer/PointerEvents

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GitHub - Polymer/PointerEvents deprecated

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jQuery blog - Improving the Pointer Events Polyﬁll

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GitHub - jQuery Pointer Events Polyﬁll (PEP)

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/* adding jQuery PEP */ /* need to use custom touch-action attribute, not CSS (yet) */ ...

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Alex Schmitz' PEP demo

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/pep/listener/event-listener.html

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3D Rotator modiﬁed to use Pointer Events minimal code changes, as Pointer Events extend mouse events

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3D Rotator modiﬁed to use Pointer Events (and PEP)

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Basic pointer events-driven fake slider with setPointerCapture Exercise/demo: make slider work in non-Pointer-Events browsers

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events fired on tap with PEP pointerover > pointerenter > pointerdown > touchstart > pointerup > pointerout > pointerleave > touchend > mouseover > mouseenter > mousemove > mousedown > mouseup > click essentially, relevant Pointer Events before touchstart and touchend

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GitHub - IE-Touch polyﬁll opposite approach: polyﬁll touch events into IE (and Edge)

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ietouch useful or not? • IE11/WinPhone8.1 and Edge/Win10Mobile now include touch events • only needed for IE11/Edge on desktop/laptop with touch • quick ﬁx to enable existing/legacy touch events solutions(?)

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/ie-touch/listener/event-listener.html

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events fired on tap with ietouch mousemove > pointerover > mouseover > pointerenter > mouseenter > pointerdown > touchstart > mousedown > gotpointercapture > focus > pointermove > touchmove mousemove > pointerup > touchend > mouseup > lostpointercapture > pointerout > mouseout > pointerleave > mouseleave > [300ms delay] click

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ietouch peculiarities • event object has no targetTouches TouchList • touches acts as if it were targetTouches , so no touch points that didn't start on the element we're listening to are reported • changedTouches seems to always contain same touch points as the touches TouchList

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utility libraries (because life is too short to hand-code gesture support)

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Hammer.js

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Hammer.js

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/swipe

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/* Hammer's high-level events example */ var element = document.getElementById('test_el'); var hammertime = new Hammer(element); hammertime.on("swipe", function(event) { /* handle horizontal swipes */ });

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patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/hammer/swipe

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debugging/testing

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nothing beats having real devices...

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BrowserStack (includes Physical Devices)

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Chrome DevTools / Remote Debugging on Android Chrome DevTools / Using the Console / Monitoring events

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enable touch events even without a touchscreen (to test "naive" 'ontouchstart' in window code) chrome://ﬂags/#touch-events

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Chrome DevTools / Device Mode & Mobile Emulation

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Bug 920956 - DevTools touch emulation: suppress regular mouse events ...

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no touch emulation, nor touch events + pointer events (like on real Windows 10 Mobile) emulation, in Edge/F12 Tools

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no touch emulation in Safari "Responsive Design Mode"

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bonus material

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Input Device Capabilities (Unofﬁcial Draft)

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Input Device Capabilities • currently limited usefulness - only has firesTouchEvents property • limited use cases (see Identifying touch events that will trigger a tap / click, Identifying mouse events derived from touch events and Google Developer: Input Device Capabilities) • easier to switch to Pointer Events (and add PEP)?

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myButton.addEventListener('touchstart', addHighlight, false); myButton.addEventListener('touchend', removeHighlight, false); myButton.addEventListener('mousedown', addHighlight, false); myButton.addEventListener('mouseup', removeHighlight, false); myButton.addEventListener('click', someFunction, false); /* addHighlight/removeHighlight will fire twice for touch (first for touch, then for mouse compatibility events); can't use e.preventDefault(), as we want to rely on 'click' */

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myButton.addEventListener('touchstart', addHighlight, false); myButton.addEventListener('touchend', removeHighlight, false); myButton.addEventListener('mousedown', function(e) { if (!e.sourceCapabilities.firesTouchEvents) { addHighlight(e); } } , false); myButton.addEventListener('mouseup', function(e) { if (!e.sourceCapabilities.firesTouchEvents) { removeHighlight(e); } } , false); myButton.addEventListener('click', someFunction, false); /* same function for touch and mouse, but if mouse check if source input fires touch events (i.e. this is a mouse compat event) */

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Leap Motion Controller

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YouTube: Leap Motion Controller tracker patrickhlauke.github.io/touch/leapmotion/tracker

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• Matt Gaunt – Touch Feedback for Mobile Sites • Jonathan Stark – FastActive • Stephen Woods – HTML5 Touch Interfaces • YouTube: Stephen Woods – Responsive HTML5 Touch Interfaces • Chris Wilson + Paul Kinlan – Touch And Mouse: Together Again For The First Time • Ryan Fioravanti – Creating Fast Buttons for Mobile Web Applications • Boris Smus – Multi-touch Web Development • Boris Smus – Generalized input on the cross-device web • Boris Smus – Interactive touch laptop experiments

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• Rick Byers + Boris Smus (Google I/O) – Point, Click, Tap, Touch - Building Multi-Device Web Interfaces • Grant Goodale – Touch Events • W3C – Touch Events Extensions • Mozilla Developer Network – Touch Events • WebPlatform.org – Pointer Events • Rick Byers – The best way to avoid the dreaded 300ms click delay is to disable double-tap zoom • Chromium Issue 152149: All touch-event related APIs should exist if touch support is enabled at runtime

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• Tim Kadlec – Avoiding the 300ms Click Delay, Accessibly • David Rousset - Unifying touch and mouse [...] • Microsoft – Pointer events updates (differences between IE10-IE11) • Patrick H. Lauke – Webseiten zum Anfassen • Patrick H. Lauke – Drei unter einem Dach: Pointer-Events für Maus, Stylus und Touchscreen • Patrick H. Lauke – Erweiterte Interaktionsmöglichkeiten mit Touchscreens • Patrick H. Lauke – Make your site work on touch devices • Stu Cox – You can't detect a touchscreen

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• Microsoft – Hover touch support (IE10/IE11) • W3C Media Queries Level 4 – pointer • Stu Cox – The Good & Bad of Level 4 Media Queries • Peter-Paul Koch – Touch table • Peter-Paul Koch – Preventing the touch default • Peter-Paul Koch – Mouse event bubbling in iOS • YouTube: Edge Conference (Feb 2013 London) – Panel: Input • Edge Conference (Mar 2014 London) – Panel: Pointers and Interactions • Trent Walton – Device-Agnostic

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• Stu Cox – The Golden Pattern for Handling Touch Input • Matt Gaunt – ‘Focusing’ on the Web Today • Mobiscroll – Working with touch events • Peter-Paul Koch – The iOS event cascade and innerHTML • Patrick H. Lauke – Make your site work on touch devices • Scott Jehl (Filament Group) – Tappy: A custom tap event handler • Yehuda Katz – Touch events on the web are fundamentally unﬁnished

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• Andrea Giammarchi – PointerEvents No More • YouTube: Matt Gaunt (Google) - Touch in a Web App? No Problem • Luke Wroblewski – How to Communicate Hidden Gestures • David Washington - Designing custom touch interactions • David Washington - Building pull-to-refresh • Andy Peatling - JavaScript Pull to Refresh for the Web • Tilo Mitra – The State of Gestures • YouTube: Tilo Mitra (YUI) – The State of Gestures

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• Rob Larsen - The Uncertain Web: Pointer Event Polyﬁll and Chrome Fragmentation • Detlev Fisher - Implications of new input modes (touch, speech, gestures) for the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines • Ralph Thomas - Towards declarative touch interactions • Windows Dev Center: Windows desktop applications > Guidelines > Interaction (touch, keyboard, mouse, pen) • Microsoft Open Technologies - jQuery Adopts Pointer Events

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• jQuery blog - Getting on Point • IEBlog - Pointer Events W3C Recommendation, Interoperable Touch, and Removing the Dreaded 300ms Tap Delay • Microsoft Open Technologies - Pointer Events is now a W3C Standard • Patrick H. Lauke (The Paciello Group) - Pointer Events advance to W3C Recommendation • Jacob Rossi - The Input Shouldn't Matter • hacks.mozilla.org - Pointer Events now in Firefox Nightly

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• Rick Byers – Interoperability Case Studies at BlinkOn 5 (touch-action) • Mozilla Developer Network – Pointer Events • Christian Saylor – A Touch of Brilliance: Why 3D Touch Matters • Lukas Mathis – Usability on Mobile Is Getting Worse • Rocket Insights – Initial thoughts on 3D Touch • Wiser Coder – Disable “pull to refresh” in Chrome for Android

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• Google Developers / Web Fundamentals: Add touch to your site • Alex Gibson – Different ways to trigger touchcancel in mobile browsers • BBC Global Experience Language: How to design for touch • Google BlinkOn 5: Lightning talks / Mustaq Ahmed – Pointer Events in Chrome implementation update • A Book Apart: Josh Clark – Designing for Touch

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youtube.com/watch?v=AZKpByV5764

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get in touch @patrick_h_lauke github.com/patrickhlauke/touch patrickhlauke.github.io/getting-touchy-presentation slideshare.net/redux paciellogroup.com splintered.co.uk