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@BastianHofmann Creating a fast Kubernetes Development Workflow Bastian Hofmann

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Container orchestration platform

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Deploy, run and scale your services in isolated containers

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Very Powerful

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Large community

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Lot’s of large company backers

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No vendor lock in

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Runs on

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Your laptop

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Included in Docker Desktop Clients

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Bare metal

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Cloud Providers

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AWS

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Azure

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Google Cloud Platform

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And if you don't want to install and maintain Kubernetes yourself

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Managed Kubernetes

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Google GKE

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Amazon EKS

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SysEleven MetaKube

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Easy upgrades

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Easy scaling

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Load Balancing

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Distributed Persistent Storage

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Backups

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Premium support

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We monitor you cluster, ensure it's working and tell you if something is wrong

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German company with German datacenters

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You can focus on what is important

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But this talk is about how to use Kubernetes

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Not only for production workloads

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But in your development workflows

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Kubernetes has standardized apis

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More and more integrations

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Great tools

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Agenda

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Introduction to Kubernetes

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Deployment of a simple application

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Deployment of a micro-service application

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Some tools for development with Kubernetes

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But first

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Why containers?

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Services run in isolation

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Everything needed to run a service in one image

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Decouple Ops and Dev

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Make things …

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Easier to deploy

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Easier to upgrade system dependencies

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Easier to scale

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Easier to develop

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Kubernetes helps you deploying containers

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Kubernetes helps you running containers

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Kubernetes helps you scaling containers

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Let’s define some core concepts and terminology first

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Kubernetes Cluster

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• A docker image built from a Dockerfile that contains everything a service needs to run Image

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• A container runs a docker image. • Only 1 process can run inside of a container Container

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• A group of 1 or more containers • Same port space • Ports are not accessible from outside of the pod Pod

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• Defines and manages how many instances of a pod should run Replica Set

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• Manages updates and rollbacks of replica sets Deployment

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• Makes a port of a pod accessible to other pods Service

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• Makes a service accessible to the outside of Kubernetes Ingress

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Volumes, ConfigMaps, Secrets, PersistentVolumeClaims, CronJobs, StatefulSets, ...

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Everything is a resource

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You interact with Kubernetes by creating, receiving, updating and deleting resources

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Kubernetes has controllers to listen on these interactions and get the cluster in the desired state

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kind: Deployment apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 metadata: name: symfony-demo spec: template: spec: containers: - name: symfony-demo image: symfony-demo:1.1.0 ports: - containerPort: 80

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$ kubectl create -f deployment.yaml

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$ kubectl get deployments NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE symfony-demo 1 1 1 1 21h

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$ kubectl get deployment symfony-demo -o yaml apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata: annotations: ... spec: ... template: ... spec: containers: - name: symfony-demo image: symfony-demo:1.1.0

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$ kubectl delete deployment symfony-demo

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Practical example

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Preparations

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We need a cluster

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Let’s deploy the symfony demo app

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https:/ /github.com/symfony/demo

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Demo

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Dockerfile

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Copy our code

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Build the project

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Composer install

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yarn install

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yarn run build

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https:/ /docs.docker.com/develop/develop- images/multistage-build/

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Build the image

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docker build -t symfony-demo:2.0.0 .

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Now we have to tell Kubernetes what to do with the image

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Resources are defined in YAML or JSON

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Deployment

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kind: Deployment apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 metadata: name: symfony-demo spec: template: metadata: labels: app: symfony-demo spec: containers: - name: symfony-demo image: symfony-demo:1.0.0 ports:

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containers: - name: symfony-demo image: symfony-demo:1.0.0 ports: - containerPort: 80 livenessProbe: httpGet: path: / port: 80 timeoutSeconds: 1 initialDelaySeconds: 10 readinessProbe: httpGet: path: /

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Many more options configurable

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Many more options • Setting environment variables • Mounting volumes • Requesting resources • Defining upgrade strategies • Defining command • Configure networking • Configure the scheduler • Listen on lifecycle events • Configure system capabilities for the container • …

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Service

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kind: Service apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: symfony-demo spec: ports: - name: http port: 80 targetPort: 80 protocol: TCP selector: app: symfony-demo

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Ingress

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kind: Ingress apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 metadata: name: symfony-demo spec: rules: - host: symfony-demo.local.k8s http: paths: - path: / backend: serviceName: symfony-demo servicePort: 80

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Creating everything

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kubectl apply -f deployment/webapp.yaml

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Rolling Deployments

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kind: Deployment apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 metadata: name: symfony-demo spec: template: spec: containers: - name: symfony-demo image: symfony-demo:1.1.0 ports: - containerPort: 80

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kubectl apply -f deployment/webapp.yaml

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Writing this YAML files is tedious

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YAML files are tied to a specific version and a specific environment

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Production

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Staging

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Development

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Per Development team

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Per branch

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Per developer

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Built-in

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Namespaces

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Still we'd need to maintain multiple very similar YAML files with slightly different versions and configuration.

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"Templating"

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Great tools because of standardized Kubernetes API

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Helm

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Allows to install applications

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So called "charts"

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Writing your own charts if fairly easy

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Charts can depend on other charts

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Multiple deployments of one chart possible

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Different namespaces

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Different release names

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Configuration over values

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Different versions

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Different ingress urls

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$ helm install stable/wordpress --namespace bastian --name my-wordpress --values dev.yaml --values bastian.yaml

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Still:

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Make a code change

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Build docker image

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Push docker image

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Run helm install/upgrade with new image version

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Can this be quicker?

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Forge

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Similar templating to helm

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Services can depend on other services

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$ forge deploy

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Supports different profiles

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$ forge --profile staging deploy

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$ forge --profile bastian deploy

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Different profiles can deploy to different namespaces with different ingress hostnames

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Default profile can be dependent on the branch you are building from

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You can use the branch name in templates

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Demo application

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web quote-svc hello-svc

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Not all services have an ingress

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Accessing Kubernetes from the outside

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web quote-svc hello-svc

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Getting a shell in a running container

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$ kubectl exec $POD_NAME -i -t -- /bin/bash

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Port forwarding through kubectl

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$ kubectl port-forward pod/$POD_NAME 8080:80

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$ kubectl port-forward service/$SERVICE_NAME 8080:80

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Still, if you make a code change you have to commit, push, build, deploy

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Takes some time

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What about step debugging?

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Of course you can run everything locally

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But you develop only on one service

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There may be lots of services

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Telepresence

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Creates a two-way proxy between the Kubernetes cluster and you

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$ telepresence T: Starting proxy with method 'vpn-tcp'... @fhgbvx65xg|bash-3.2$ curl http://quote-svc/quote | jq '.' [ { "ID": 503, "title": "stefan sagmeister", "content": "

...

\n", "link": "https://quotesondesign.com/stefan- sagmeister-2/" } ]

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Swap a running deployment in the cluster with a local process

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... or a locally running docker container

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$ telepresence --swap-deployment quote-svc --namespace dev-flow-demo --expose 3000 --run npm run debug T: Starting proxy with method 'vpn-tcp',... T: Forwarding remote port 3000 to local port 3000.... > [email protected] debug /Users/bhofmann/forge_test/quote- svc > nodemon --inspect quote-svc.js [nodemon] watching: *.* [nodemon] starting `node --inspect quote-svc.js` Debugger listening on ws://127.0.0.1:9229/83aa27ac- d879-4b50-a228-440354cca791 quote svc listening on port 3000!

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Demo

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Summary

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Powerful

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Helpful

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Great tooling because of common APIs

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Especially great if you have multiple services and don't want to run everything locally

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http:/ /speakerdeck.com/ u/bastianhofmann

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[email protected] https:/ /twitter.com/BastianHofmann