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By Ahmad El-Alfy Web development career

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https://apply.workable.com/robusta/

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What is Web Development It’s a part of the software industry that was born after the widespread adoption of the internet back in the 1990s. It’s about building applications and websites that uses the internet as their backbone.

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What is Web Development Early when web development was born, the main consumer of the end product was the web browsers. Now there are plenty of mediums that rely upon web development as well like mobile applications, IoT devices, smart fridges … etc.

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Old Roles Web Developer Mostly working on the server side compnoent of the applications and integrate the output of the designer. Web Designer Work on the visual design and create the HTML and CSS with the help of graphic authorization tools.

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New Dawn With the rapid growth of web technologies, designers were left to work on visual designs only without producing code and specializations where born. Server-side vs Client-side programming.

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Frontend Languages It’s the part of web development concerned with building components that run inside web browsers. It’s done using the following languages: HTML, CSS and JavaScript

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Frontend Development Environment It takes part in one of the most hostile environment known to programmers; web browsers. The reason why it is difficult is because browsers have different capabilities and support for features. A feature you might rely upon might not be available to your user. This is why a deep understanding of cross browser compatibility is essential to create a working solution

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Responsive Design And it’s not just different versions of browsers. It’s different devices as well. The list is endless, we have desktop devices, tablets, phones, smart watches, smart fridges connected to the internet, gaming consoles … This lead to the birth of a practice called responsive web design.

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Synchronized URL testing across 27+ devices Source: HTML5Rocks – Syncrhonoized Cross Device Testing

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Frontend Development A commonly asked question about frontend development is if it is related to visual design. While in frontend development the output is usually the visual part, it’s not the job of a frontend developer to create the actual design. His/her role is to translate a design into code. Visual Design

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Frontend Development With the growth and rapid development in the frontend languages, frontend developers roles extended to include: • Web accessibility • Performance optimization • Search engine optimization • Focus on JavaScript • Implementing features with consideration to the user experience • Writing markup for HTML emails

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Backend Development It’s the part of web development concerned with the logic. It’s responsible for storing information added by the user of a system and the retrieval of data requested by users. It connects all the dots together.

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Backend Languages Unlike frontend, the languages to develop the backend component of web applications are not limited. Most of the languages have similar features, some excel in certain type of tasks than others.

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Backend Frameworks During development, we usually lean more on using frameworks to handle common problems, cases and other stuff like security. Frameworks also force the developer to follow certain patterns and take certain decisions on behalf of the developer. This enable the developers to spend more time worrying about the problems they are trying to resolve rather the application architecture and code structure

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Data storage Data storage is an important part of backend development. It is used to help you store and retrieve different types data that you need. In general, databases are classified into Relational and Non relational database systems. Commonly also referred to SQL vs NoSQL databases. Both have pros and cons and specific use cases. SQL vs. NoSQL Databases: What’s the Difference?

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Relational vs Non-Relational DBMS

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Data storage • How to efficiently model your data • ACID properties • SQL language rather than ORM • Database normalization • How indexing work • Database transactions • Storage procedures • Data replication • Sharding Strategies When you’re working with databases it’s important to understand and focus on the following principles:

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Communication between Frontend & Backend It became so popular to separate the backend logic from the views and switching to asynchronous requests that respond with data only rather than its view (e.g HTML). This helps the developers to use the same APIs to serve any consumer without additional work. Examples: • RESTFul APIs • GraphQL • JSON APIs

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Scalability and Caching As your application grow and your users adoption increase, you start taking new measures and strategies to improve the performance of your applications through: • Application profiling and identification of bottle necks • Using different caching strategies like using CDNs • Decrease database hits by using in memory cache like Redis

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Integration with other services When you start to move to microservices or start integrating with other 3rd party services, new patterns emerge to facilitate that like message brokers and queue (RabbitMQ and Kafka)

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Server Administration & Management Although this is now commonly a job of a system administrator, Devops engineers; basic understanding of working with Linux environments and administration is important and often required for backend developers. In addition to web application server management like Apache, Nginx … etc

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These topics are shared between frontend and backend developers. General topics

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Anatomy of HTTP

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General software engineering principles DRY / DIE: Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) or Duplication is Evil (DIE) KISS: Keep it simple, Stupid! SOLID: Group of principles when applied together intends to make a system easy to maintain and extend over time

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Debugging network operations

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Web security OWASP is a project dedicated to highlight the common vulnerabilities in web applications. A web developer should be familiar at least with the top 10 OWASP vulnerabilities and have the sufficient knowledge to test, patch and avoid these vulnerabilities.

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Version Control

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Containerization Due to the rise in complexity of both development and deployments, tools like containers can be used to facilitate the setup of the development and production environments. Docker offers great benefit when it comes to this area

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And this is not everything …

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How to keep up to date – Conferences Follow industry conferences. Most of the conferences are either streamed for free or added later on YouTube. You can find a list of upcoming and past conferences at: https://confs.tech/

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How to keep up to date – Podcasts Podcasts are like radio programs you can listen to when you’re working, commuting … anything. It open your eyes on different topics and usually has interesting guests who share their thoughts on different topics; This repository contain a list of interesting podcasts in technology grouped by language, category, language .. https://github.com/rShetty/awesome-podcasts

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How to keep up to date – Books Books are great references as they fill the gabs in your knowledge. Always check book reviews on services like Amazon if you decided to read one. In collaboration with EKB, Apress publishing house offer free books in different formats for Egyptian residents if you’re accessing their website from Egypt

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How to keep up to date – YouTube

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Roadmap

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Questions? `