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Wed 29 Oct 1969 ~ ucla$ ░

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Wed 29 Oct 1969 ~ ucla$ ░

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Wed 29 Oct 1969 ~ ucla$ lo ░ gin

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Wed 29 Oct 1969 ~ ucla$ lo ░ ░

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Peter Wilson • peterwilson.cc • @pwcc Performance: 
 The path to HTTP/2 is Full of Potholes

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Linnaea Mallette

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Today

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Bytes on the page

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Total page size (MB) Nov 2011 - April 2017 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 1 Nov '11 1 Jul '12 1 Mar '13 1 Nov '13 1 Jul '14 1 Mar '15 1 Nov '15 1 Jul '16 1 Mar '17 httparchive.org/trends.php, April 2017

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Total page size Percent of Nov 2011 50% 100% 150% 200% 250% 300% 350% 1 Nov '11 1 Jul '12 1 Mar '13 1 Nov '13 1 Jul '14 1 Mar '15 1 Nov '15 1 Jul '16 1 Mar '17 httparchive.org/trends.php, April 2016

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Assets per page Nov 2011 - March 2016 20 40 60 80 100 120 1 Nov '11 15 May '12 1 Dec '12 15 Jun '13 1 Jan '14 15 Jul '14 1 Feb '15 15 Aug '15 1 Mar '16 httparchive.org/trends.php, March 2016

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Webfonts Multiple of Nov 2011 (requests) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1 Nov '11 1 Jul '12 1 Mar '13 1 Nov '13 1 Jul '14 1 Mar '15 1 Nov '15 1 Jul '16 1 Mar '17 httparchive.org/trends.php, April 2016

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Load time httparchive.org/trends.php, March 2016

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Load time Start render: 4.2 seconds

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Load time Visually complete: 12.7 seconds

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Load time Document complete: 15.23 sec

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No content

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Money

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Walmart conversion rate slideshare.net/devonauerswald/walmart-pagespeedslide 0 - 1 1 - 2 2 - 3 3 - 4 4 - 5 5 - 6 6 - 7 7 - 8 8 - 9 9 - 10 10 - 11 11 - 12 12 - 13 13 - 14 14 - 15 15+

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Shopzilla: 12% revenue increase globaldots.com/how-website-speed-affects-conversion-rates

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Yahoo!: 9% traffic increase globaldots.com/how-website-speed-affects-conversion-rates

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[A] slowdown of one second could cost [Amazon] $1.6 billion in sales pwcc.cc/go/1.6billion

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[A] slowdown of one second could cost [Amazon] $1.6 billion in sales Esther Vargas (CC) - flic.kr/p/fstSrg

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Each 100ms delay costs 1% of sales pwcc.cc/go/amazon (ppt)

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Measure a starting point

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WebPageTest - webpagetest.org

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WebPageTest - webpagetest.org

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Key metrics Document Complete Fully Loaded Load Time First Byte Start Render Speed Index DOM Elements Time Requests Bytes In Time Requests Bytes In 3.770s 0.771s 1.789s 1834 397 3.770s 27 635 KB 4.072s 33 661 KB WebPageTest - webpagetest.org

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Timeline view

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Comparison timelines Additional blocking request in HTML Header Timed using WebPageTest - pwcc.cc/go/blocking 0.5s 1.0s 1.5s 2.0s 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 86% 100% Blocked Unblocked

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Comparison timelines Additional blocking request in HTML Header Timed using WebPageTest - pwcc.cc/go/blocking 0.5s 1.0s 1.5s 2.0s 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 86% 100% Blocked Unblocked

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Comparison timelines Additional blocking request in HTML Header Timed using WebPageTest - pwcc.cc/go/blocking 0.5s 1.0s 1.5s 2.0s 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 86% 100% Blocked Unblocked

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Comparison timelines Additional blocking request in HTML Header Timed using WebPageTest - pwcc.cc/go/blocking 0.5s 1.0s 1.5s 2.0s 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 86% 100% Blocked Unblocked

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Speed index Document Complete Fully Loaded Load Time First Byte Start Render Speed Index DOM Elements Time Requests Bytes In Time Requests Bytes In 3.770s 0.771s 1.789s 1834 397 3.770s 27 635 KB 4.072s 33 661 KB WebPageTest - webpagetest.org

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53 / 100 Our PageSpeed score is you won’t believe how
 much it’s costing

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World Super Cars at English Wikipedia (CC) • VIA Gallery (CC) - flic.kr/p/5QTEFc

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~$

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~$ nslookup example.com

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~$ nslookup example.com Non-authoritative answer: Name:example.com Address: 117.53.163.91 ~$

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~$

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~$ telnet 117.53.163.91 80

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~$ telnet 117.53.163.91 80 Connected to 117.53.163.91.

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~$ telnet 117.53.163.91 80 Connected to 117.53.163.91. GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com

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~$ telnet 117.53.163.91 80 Connected to 117.53.163.91. GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com fallbacks: { simplifyAll:"off", nextSlideOnWindowFocus:"off", disableFocusListener:false, } }); } }); /*ready*/ /* <![CDATA[ */ var scriptParams = {"google_search_engine_id":"017877086915232438708:-pvqphefyyw"}; /* ]]> */ /* <![CDATA[ */ var qpprFrontData = {"linkData":{"http:\/\/example.com\/?p=3925":[0,1,"http:\/\/example.com\/?p=3893"],"http:\/\/example.com\/blog\/2014\/10\/sponsorship-directory\/":[0,1,""],"http:\/\/example.com\/?p=4437":[0,1,"http:\/\/example.com\/centrestage"],"http:\/\/example.com\/? p=4522":[0,1,"http:\/\/example.com\/blog\/vacancy\/2015-radiothon-fundraising-events-coordinator\/"],"http:\/\/example.com\/blog\/2015\/05\/remember-joy-join\/":[0,1,""],"http:\/\/example.com\/blog\/2015\/06\/taste-of-radio\/":[0,1,"http:\/\/example.com\/training\/taste-of- radio\/"],"http:\/\/example.com\/blog\/2015\/06\/new-music-to-weekdays\/":[0,1,"http:\/\/example.com\/music"],"http:\/\/example.com\/?p=4916":[0,1,"http:\/\/example.com\/rebel-heart-tour\/"],"http:\/\/example.com\/blog\/2015\/07\/centre-stage-the-winners\/":[0,1,"http:\/\/ example.com\/centrestage"],"http:\/\/example.com\/blog\/2015\/08\/latest-podcasts\/":[0,1,"http:\/\/example.com\/podcasts"],"http:\/\/example.com\/?p=5079":[0,1,"https:\/\/www.surveymonkey.com\/r\/joy949survey"],"http:\/\/example.com\/blog\/2015\/12\/volunteer-vacancies\/": [0,1,"http:\/\/example.com\/vacancies-category\/volunteer\/"],"http:\/\/example.com\/blog\/2015\/11\/94days-of-summer-is-coming\/":[0,1,""],"http:\/\/example.com\/?p=5282":[0,1,"https:\/\/www.outix.net\/booktickets\/event\/JOYFundraiserDanish"],"http:\/\/example.com\/blog\/2016\/ 02\/new-taste-radio-dates\/":[0,1,"http:\/\/example.com\/training\/taste-of-radio\/"]},"siteURL":"http:\/\/example.com","siteURLq":"http:\/\/example.com"}; /* ]]> */ /* <![CDATA[ */ var zoomOptions = []; /* ]]> */ /* <![CDATA[ */ var JQLBSettings = {"showTitle":"1","showCaption":"1","showNumbers":"1","fitToScreen":"1","resizeSpeed":"400","showDownload":"0","navbarOnTop":"0","marginSize":"20","slideshowSpeed":"4000","prevLinkTitle":"previous image","nextLinkTitle":"next image","closeTitle":"close image gallery","image":"Image ","of":" of ","download":"Download","pause":"(pause slideshow)","play":"(play slideshow)"}; /* ]]> */ /* <![CDATA[ */ var mejsL10n = {"language":"en-US","strings":{"Close":"Close","Fullscreen":"Fullscreen","Download File":"Download File","Download Video":"Download Video","Play\/Pause":"Play\/Pause","Mute Toggle":"Mute Toggle","None":"None","Turn off Fullscreen":"Turn off Fullscreen","Go Fullscreen":"Go Fullscreen","Unmute":"Unmute","Mute":"Mute","Captions\/Subtitles":"Captions\/Subtitles"}}; var _wpmejsSettings = {"pluginPath":"\/wp-includes\/js\/mediaelement\/"}; /* ]]> */ /* <![CDATA[ */ var JOYTwitter_config = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/example.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","sec":"ecaf121956"}; /* ]]> */ window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"70c3bbd35e","applicationID":"1953133","transactionName":"M1RRZ0FUX0ZTV0ZRWAoeclBHXF5bHV1cXFIc","queueTime":0,"applicationTime": 1036,"atts":"HxNSEQlOTEg=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}

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No content

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Assets on a page

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Blockers HTML

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Blockers HTML CSS

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Blockers HTML CSS IMG IMG IMG FONTS

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Blockers HTML CSS IMG IMG IMG JS FONTS

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Blockers HTML CSS IMG IMG IMG JS IFRAME FONTS

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Waterfall WebPageTest - webpagetest.org

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Waterfall WebPageTest - webpagetest.org

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Waterfall WebPageTest - webpagetest.org

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Waterfall WebPageTest - webpagetest.org

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But, we have HTTP/2 now.

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Everything you know about performance is now wrong and former best practices are now an anti-pattern and considered harmful.

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These titles are considered harmful

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caniuse.com/http2, March 2016

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caniuse.com/http2, March 2016

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Sites using HTTP/2 w3techs.com, March 2016

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Traffic

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Your site running HTTP/2

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HTTP/2 A fictional guide

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~$

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~$ ssh 117.53.163.91 443 Connected to 117.53.163.91.

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~$ ssh 117.53.163.91 443 Connected to 117.53.163.91. Handshake Type: Client Hello Version: TLS 1.2 Server name: example.com

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~$ ssh 117.53.163.91 443 Connected to 117.53.163.91. Handshake Type: Client Hello Version: TLS 1.2 Server name: example.com Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2

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~$ ssh 117.53.163.91 443 Connected to 117.53.163.91. Handshake Type: Client Hello Version: TLS 1.2 Server name: example.com Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2

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~$ ssh 117.53.163.91 443 Connected to 117.53.163.91. Handshake Type: Client Hello Version: TLS 1.2 Server name: example.com Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2

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Handshake Type: Client Hello Version: TLS 1.2 Server name: example.com Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2 ClientKeyExchange: 8C:77:82… GET / HTTP/2 Host: example.com

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Handshake Type: Client Hello Version: TLS 1.2 Server name: example.com Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2 ClientKeyExchange: 8C:77:82… GET / HTTP/2 Host: example.com

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Server name: example.com Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2 ClientKeyExchange: 8C:77:82… GET / HTTP/2 Host: example.com

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Server name: example.com Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2 ClientKeyExchange: 8C:77:82… GET / HTTP/2 Host: example.com GET /style.css HTTP/2 GET /script.js HTTP/2 .comment-respond{clear:both} @media only screen and (min-width:35em){.comment-form>div{width:50%;float:left} .Comment .comment-form>div{width:auto;float:none} .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n){padding-right:1rem} .Comment .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n){padding-right:0} .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-left:1rem} .Comment .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-left:0} .comment-form>.comment-form_comment.comment-form_comment{width:auto;clear:left;float:none;padding-left:0;padding-right:0} .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n){padding-left:1rem;padding-right:0} .Comment .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n){padding-left:0} .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-right:1rem;padding-left:0} .Comment .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-right:0} .comment-form_comment ~ :nth-child(2n-1),.comment-form_comment ~ .form-submit{clear:left} } .SocialShare{color:#bdc2c7} .SocialShare_Title{font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem;text-transform:uppercase;line-height:1.8461538462;margin-bottom:0} .SocialShare_List{list-style:none;margin-left:0} .SocialShare_List>li{margin-bottom:0;font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem} .SocialLink,.SocialLink:visited{color:inherit;font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.6923076923;min-width:3rem;display:inline-block;text-decoration:none;border:1px solid;border-radius:3px;margin-bottom:. 5rem;padding-right:.3em} .SocialLink:hover,.SocialLink:focus,.SocialLink:active{color:inherit;text-decoration:none} .SocialLink_Count{visibility:hidden} .SocialLink:hover .SocialLink_Count,.SocialLink:focus .SocialLink_Count,.SocialLink_Count .SocialLink:active{visibility:visible} .Comment{font-size:14px;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.7142857143;display:block} .Comment,.Comment p,.Comment blockquote,.Comment pre{margin-bottom:1.7142857143em} .Comment-withAvatar{margin-left:64px;min-height:56px} .Comment_Meta{color:#bdc2c7} .Comment_Avatar{width:48px;height:48px;position:absolute;margin-top:4px;margin-left:-64px} .Comment_Avatar>img{width:48px;height:48px} .Comment_Name,.Comment_Time,.Comment_Time>a{font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;text-transform:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;margin-bottom:0} .Comment_Name{float:left} .Comment_Time{float:right} .Comment_Time>a{color:inherit} .Comment_Moderation.Comment_Moderation{margin-bottom:0;font-style:italic} .Comment_Body{clear:right} .Comment-withAvatar .Comment_Body{float:left} .Comment_Body :last-child{margin-bottom:0} .comment-reply-link,.comment-reply-link:visited{color:#bdc2c7;text-transform:uppercase} .comment-reply-link:hover,.comment-reply-link:focus,.comment-reply-link:visited{color:#bdc2c7} .CommentList{margin-left:0;display:block} .CommentList+.Pagination{margin-bottom:6rem} .Section{margin-bottom:6rem;margin-left:1em;margin-right:1em} @media only screen and (min-width:48em){.Section{margin-left:6em;margin-right:6em} } .PostList{list-style:none;margin-left:0} .PostList_Post{margin-bottom:6rem} .PostList_Post-NoExcerpt{margin-bottom:3rem} .more-link{display:block;margin-top:1.5em} .Page_Main{padding-top:1.5rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem;background-color:#fff} .Page_Footer{padding-top:1.5rem} @media (min-width:60em){.Page_Header{float:left;width:220px} .Page_Main{float:left;width:calc( 100% - 440px )} .Page_Sidebar{float:left;width:220px;min-height:50px} .Page_Footer{clear:both} } .t-Singular .Headline,.t-Singular .EntryMeta,.Pagination-PrevNextPost{margin-left:1rem;margin-right:1rem} @media only screen and (min-width:48em){.t-Singular .Headline,.t-Singular .EntryMeta,.Pagination-PrevNextPost{margin-left:6rem;margin-right:6rem} } .Pagination-PrevNextPost{margin-bottom:3rem} .EntryMeta{position:relative} .EntryMeta .SocialShare_List>li{display:inline-block;padding-right:.25em} @media only screen and (min-width:60em){.EntryMeta .SocialShare_List>li{display:list-item} .EntryMeta .SocialShare{position:absolute;width:70px;background:white;top:0;left:100%;padding-left:.5rem;padding-top:2em;left:calc( 100% + 6rem )} } .fluid-width-video-wrapper{width:100%;max-width:126.6666666667vh;position:relative;padding:0;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto} .fluid-width-video-wrapper:before{display:block;width:100%;padding-top:75%;content:' '} .fluid-width-video-wrapper>iframe,.fluid-width-video-wrapper>object,.fluid-width-video-wrapper>embed{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%} .alignleft{float:left;margin-right:1em;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:-1rem} @media only screen and (min-width:60em){.alignleft{margin-left:-5rem} } .alignright{float:right;margin-left:1em;margin-bottom:1em;margin-right:-1rem} @media only screen and (min-width:60em){.alignright{margin-right:-5rem} } .instagram-image .keyring-img,.wp-post-image,figure.alignnone,img.alignnone,.aligncenter{display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto} .post-password-form label{color:#bdc2c7;font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692308;text-transform:uppercase;display:block;margin-bottom:.5rem} .post-password-form [type=password]{width:100%;border-radius:2px;color:#2a2b2b;background-color:#f3f3f3;font-size:14px;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.7142857143;border-width:1px;outline:none;padding:calc( .5rem - 1px ) 0.75rem;border-style:solid;border-color:#f3f3f3}

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n¾I®L3æ©Í#t\Qòα`ÐݳAàWøCÀcUÛ%ųd|Äæ½BøwÒ$qk¡GáÄÃÉüª½ÁîHõõ¾uIG:CÛ»>ñ e½ÚësÃ(*áyì:V÷äÔmeê1É62ðÀúæ¾ñ¿´ÝVèíR6ªR~vË÷=ñÇÏéÞµU¸$ãJçÄgW¤Õ¬RÂ>wbý ¶u}¡AtNéSÏ|úÔ/ntùMÌ 9ë×ìì#6fÝÓåSò·¯µe^xfÈØqé×ÔøÜ65ÊM«£e¡ÿÕþ³¦¼ìe*{[=ÏMkÙþîGá^´Úm¦°q4È¥äNsô¯Ðç0ʾcd~Uë÷v zÝÝG0-Á#;DoqßÐäWÏá)èÚG·ÖäÕíøÿÖý÷Ó¾+k×{ìw+påß*2Y’Á>ßzm¯þ×7cs+é_%éú=ÍÌ æuQo’÷¢ÀÁ=Ï~kÓôÝ3^Ó7UvÁÎÖãÔtλM¤ù<15÷VÞ;ÖRíFïëRÄ·7ùÎINCXZu¡°Ê÷Ûã##5Ñ uÚÞ㨫÷?ô»l®þ2yï[fX÷Æßô7ÆgÕsÅXúZçÆ6P#F[Ãu9üë1|KkrG”ÁÜÙÚIí|÷ã¼¼û0Üû}) ÷*SjTÛÙÈïõºýÀZÂmVo5Ì~^Ѥq¹úã.k°ÿ{B(8¦îд0s´Eòd÷×Øá2YƵ;úiºÑ7Ö_ä~%Ðü Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2 ClientKeyExchange: 8C:77:82… YWL / ZLLH/2 Zgkl: bgq.gjy.sm TRG Dfglyr.pff UGGC2c QOD Izsfmde.cc RDDZPK .comment-respond{clear:both} @media only screen and (min-width:35em){.comment-form>div{width:50%;float:left} .Comment .comment-form>div{width:auto;float:none} .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n){padding-right:1rem} .Comment .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n){padding-right:0} .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-left:1rem} .Comment .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-left:0} .comment-form>.comment-form_comment.comment-form_comment{width:auto;clear:left;float:none;padding-left:0;padding-right:0} .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n){padding-left:1rem;padding-right:0} .Comment .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n){padding-left:0} .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-right:1rem;padding-left:0} .Comment .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-right:0} .comment-form_comment ~ :nth-child(2n-1),.comment-form_comment ~ .form-submit{clear:left} } .SocialShare{color:#bdc2c7} .SocialShare_Title{font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem;text-transform:uppercase;line-height:1.8461538462;margin-bottom:0} .SocialShare_List{list-style:none;margin-left:0} .SocialShare_List>li{margin-bottom:0;font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem} .SocialLink,.SocialLink:visited{color:inherit;font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.6923076923;min-width:3rem;display:inline-block;text-decoration:none;border:1px solid;border-radius:3px;margin-bottom:. 5rem;padding-right:.3em} .SocialLink:hover,.SocialLink:focus,.SocialLink:active{color:inherit;text-decoration:none} .SocialLink_Count{visibility:hidden} .SocialLink:hover .SocialLink_Count,.SocialLink:focus .SocialLink_Count,.SocialLink_Count .SocialLink:active{visibility:visible} .Comment{font-size:14px;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.7142857143;display:block} .Comment,.Comment p,.Comment blockquote,.Comment pre{margin-bottom:1.7142857143em} .Comment-withAvatar{margin-left:64px;min-height:56px} .Comment_Meta{color:#bdc2c7} .Comment_Avatar{width:48px;height:48px;position:absolute;margin-top:4px;margin-left:-64px} .Comment_Avatar>img{width:48px;height:48px} .Comment_Name,.Comment_Time,.Comment_Time>a{font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;text-transform:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;margin-bottom:0} .Comment_Name{float:left} .Comment_Time{float:right} .Comment_Time>a{color:inherit} .Comment_Moderation.Comment_Moderation{margin-bottom:0;font-style:italic} .Comment_Body{clear:right} .Comment-withAvatar .Comment_Body{float:left} .Comment_Body :last-child{margin-bottom:0} .comment-reply-link,.comment-reply-link:visited{color:#bdc2c7;text-transform:uppercase} .comment-reply-link:hover,.comment-reply-link:focus,.comment-reply-link:visited{color:#bdc2c7} .CommentList{margin-left:0;display:block} .CommentList+.Pagination{margin-bottom:6rem} .Section{margin-bottom:6rem;margin-left:1em;margin-right:1em} @media only screen and (min-width:48em){.Section{margin-left:6em;margin-right:6em} } .PostList{list-style:none;margin-left:0} .PostList_Post{margin-bottom:6rem} .PostList_Post-NoExcerpt{margin-bottom:3rem} .more-link{display:block;margin-top:1.5em} .Page_Main{padding-top:1.5rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem;background-color:#fff} .Page_Footer{padding-top:1.5rem} @media (min-width:60em){.Page_Header{float:left;width:220px} .Page_Main{float:left;width:calc( 100% - 440px )} .Page_Sidebar{float:left;width:220px;min-height:50px} .Page_Footer{clear:both} } .t-Singular .Headline,.t-Singular .EntryMeta,.Pagination-PrevNextPost{margin-left:1rem;margin-right:1rem} @media only screen and (min-width:48em){.t-Singular .Headline,.t-Singular .EntryMeta,.Pagination-PrevNextPost{margin-left:6rem;margin-right:6rem} } .Pagination-PrevNextPost{margin-bottom:3rem} .EntryMeta{position:relative} .EntryMeta .SocialShare_List>li{display:inline-block;padding-right:.25em} @media only screen and (min-width:60em){.EntryMeta .SocialShare_List>li{display:list-item} .EntryMeta .SocialShare{position:absolute;width:70px;background:white;top:0;left:100%;padding-left:.5rem;padding-top:2em;left:calc( 100% + 6rem )} } .fluid-width-video-wrapper{width:100%;max-width:126.6666666667vh;position:relative;padding:0;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto} .fluid-width-video-wrapper:before{display:block;width:100%;padding-top:75%;content:' '} .fluid-width-video-wrapper>iframe,.fluid-width-video-wrapper>object,.fluid-width-video-wrapper>embed{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%} .alignleft{float:left;margin-right:1em;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:-1rem} @media only screen and (min-width:60em){.alignleft{margin-left:-5rem} } .alignright{float:right;margin-left:1em;margin-bottom:1em;margin-right:-1rem} @media only screen and (min-width:60em){.alignright{margin-right:-5rem} } .instagram-image .keyring-img,.wp-post-image,figure.alignnone,img.alignnone,.aligncenter{display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto} .post-password-form label{color:#bdc2c7;font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692308;text-transform:uppercase;display:block;margin-bottom:.5rem} .post-password-form [type=password]{width:100%;border-radius:2px;color:#2a2b2b;background-color:#f3f3f3;font-size:14px;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.7142857143;border-width:1px;outline:none;padding:calc( .5rem - 1px ) 0.75rem;border-style:solid;border-color:#f3f3f3}

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n¾I®L3æ©Í#t\Qòα`ÐݳAàWøCÀcUÛ%ųd|Äæ½BøwÒ$qk¡GáÄÃÉüª½ÁîHõõ¾uIG:CÛ»>ñ e½ÚësÃ(*áyì:V÷äÔmeê1É62ðÀúæ¾ñ¿´ÝVèíR6ªR~vË÷=ñÇÏéÞµU¸$ãJçÄgW¤Õ¬RÂ>wbý ¶u}¡AtNéSÏ|úÔ/ntùMÌ 9ë×ìì#6fÝÓåSò·¯µe^xfÈØqé×ÔøÜ65ÊM«£e¡ÿÕþ³¦¼ìe*{[=ÏMkÙþîGá^´Úm¦°q4È¥äNsô¯Ðç0ʾcd~Uë÷v zÝÝG0-Á#;DoqßÐäWÏá)èÚG·ÖäÕíøÿÖý÷Ó¾+k×{ìw+påß*2Y’Á>ßzm¯þ×7cs+é_%éú=ÍÌ æuQo’÷¢ÀÁ=Ï~kÓôÝ3^Ó7UvÁÎÖãÔtλM¤ù<15÷VÞ;ÖRíFïëRÄ·7ùÎINCXZu¡°Ê÷Ûã##5Ñ uÚÞ㨫÷?ô»l®þ2yï[fX÷Æßô7ÆgÕsÅXúZçÆ6P#F[Ãu9üë1|KkrG”ÁÜÙÚIí|÷ã¼¼û0Üû}) ÷*SjTÛÙÈïõºýÀZÂmVo5Ì~^Ѥq¹úã.k°ÿ{B(8¦îд0s´Eòd÷×Øá2YƵ;úiºÑ7Ö_ä~%Ðü Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2 ClientKeyExchange: 8C:77:82… YWL / ZLLH/2 Zgkl: bgq.gjy.sm TRG Dfglyr.pff UGGC2c QOD Izsfmde.cc RDDZPK .comment-respond{clear:both} @media only screen and (min-width:35em){.comment-form>div{width:50%;float:left} .Comment .comment-form>div{width:auto;float:none} .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n){padding-right:1rem} .Comment .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n){padding-right:0} .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-left:1rem} .Comment .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-left:0} .comment-form>.comment-form_comment.comment-form_comment{width:auto;clear:left;float:none;padding-left:0;padding-right:0} .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n){padding-left:1rem;padding-right:0} .Comment .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n){padding-left:0} .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-right:1rem;padding-left:0} .Comment .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-right:0} .comment-form_comment ~ :nth-child(2n-1),.comment-form_comment ~ .form-submit{clear:left} } .SocialShare{color:#bdc2c7} .SocialShare_Title{font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem;text-transform:uppercase;line-height:1.8461538462;margin-bottom:0} .SocialShare_List{list-style:none;margin-left:0} .SocialShare_List>li{margin-bottom:0;font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem} .SocialLink,.SocialLink:visited{color:inherit;font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.6923076923;min-width:3rem;display:inline-block;text-decoration:none;border:1px solid;border-radius:3px;margin-bottom:. 5rem;padding-right:.3em} .SocialLink:hover,.SocialLink:focus,.SocialLink:active{color:inherit;text-decoration:none} .SocialLink_Count{visibility:hidden} .SocialLink:hover .SocialLink_Count,.SocialLink:focus .SocialLink_Count,.SocialLink_Count .SocialLink:active{visibility:visible} .Comment{font-size:14px;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.7142857143;display:block} .Comment,.Comment p,.Comment blockquote,.Comment pre{margin-bottom:1.7142857143em} .Comment-withAvatar{margin-left:64px;min-height:56px} .Comment_Meta{color:#bdc2c7} .Comment_Avatar{width:48px;height:48px;position:absolute;margin-top:4px;margin-left:-64px} .Comment_Avatar>img{width:48px;height:48px} .Comment_Name,.Comment_Time,.Comment_Time>a{font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;text-transform:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;margin-bottom:0} .Comment_Name{float:left} .Comment_Time{float:right} .Comment_Time>a{color:inherit} .Comment_Moderation.Comment_Moderation{margin-bottom:0;font-style:italic} .Comment_Body{clear:right} .Comment-withAvatar .Comment_Body{float:left} .Comment_Body :last-child{margin-bottom:0} .comment-reply-link,.comment-reply-link:visited{color:#bdc2c7;text-transform:uppercase} .comment-reply-link:hover,.comment-reply-link:focus,.comment-reply-link:visited{color:#bdc2c7} .CommentList{margin-left:0;display:block} .CommentList+.Pagination{margin-bottom:6rem} .Section{margin-bottom:6rem;margin-left:1em;margin-right:1em} @media only screen and (min-width:48em){.Section{margin-left:6em;margin-right:6em} } .PostList{list-style:none;margin-left:0} .PostList_Post{margin-bottom:6rem} .PostList_Post-NoExcerpt{margin-bottom:3rem} .more-link{display:block;margin-top:1.5em} .Page_Main{padding-top:1.5rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem;background-color:#fff} .Page_Footer{padding-top:1.5rem} @media (min-width:60em){.Page_Header{float:left;width:220px} .Page_Main{float:left;width:calc( 100% - 440px )} .Page_Sidebar{float:left;width:220px;min-height:50px} .Page_Footer{clear:both} } .t-Singular .Headline,.t-Singular .EntryMeta,.Pagination-PrevNextPost{margin-left:1rem;margin-right:1rem} @media only screen and (min-width:48em){.t-Singular .Headline,.t-Singular .EntryMeta,.Pagination-PrevNextPost{margin-left:6rem;margin-right:6rem} } .Pagination-PrevNextPost{margin-bottom:3rem} .EntryMeta{position:relative} .EntryMeta .SocialShare_List>li{display:inline-block;padding-right:.25em} @media only screen and (min-width:60em){.EntryMeta .SocialShare_List>li{display:list-item} .EntryMeta .SocialShare{position:absolute;width:70px;background:white;top:0;left:100%;padding-left:.5rem;padding-top:2em;left:calc( 100% + 6rem )} } .fluid-width-video-wrapper{width:100%;max-width:126.6666666667vh;position:relative;padding:0;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto} .fluid-width-video-wrapper:before{display:block;width:100%;padding-top:75%;content:' '} .fluid-width-video-wrapper>iframe,.fluid-width-video-wrapper>object,.fluid-width-video-wrapper>embed{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%} .alignleft{float:left;margin-right:1em;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:-1rem} @media only screen and (min-width:60em){.alignleft{margin-left:-5rem} } .alignright{float:right;margin-left:1em;margin-bottom:1em;margin-right:-1rem} @media only screen and (min-width:60em){.alignright{margin-right:-5rem} } .instagram-image .keyring-img,.wp-post-image,figure.alignnone,img.alignnone,.aligncenter{display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto} .post-password-form label{color:#bdc2c7;font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692308;text-transform:uppercase;display:block;margin-bottom:.5rem} .post-password-form [type=password]{width:100%;border-radius:2px;color:#2a2b2b;background-color:#f3f3f3;font-size:14px;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.7142857143;border-width:1px;outline:none;padding:calc( .5rem - 1px ) 0.75rem;border-style:solid;border-color:#f3f3f3}

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Server push

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Handshake Type: Client Hello Version: TLS 1.2 Server name: example.com Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2 ClientKeyExchange: 8C:77:82… GET / HTTP/2 Host: example.com

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Server name: example.com Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2 ClientKeyExchange: 8C:77:82… GET / HTTP/2 Host: example.com

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Server name: example.com Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2 ClientKeyExchange: 8C:77:82… GET / HTTP/2 Host: example.com Link:;rel=preload Link:;rel=preload .comment-respond{clear:both} @media only screen and (min-width:35em){.comment-form>div{width:50%;float:left} .Comment .comment-form>div{width:auto;float:none} .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n){padding-right:1rem} .Comment .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n){padding-right:0} .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-left:1rem} .Comment .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-left:0} .comment-form>.comment-form_comment.comment-form_comment{width:auto;clear:left;float:none;padding-left:0;padding-right:0} .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n){padding-left:1rem;padding-right:0} .Comment .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n){padding-left:0} .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-right:1rem;padding-left:0} .Comment .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-right:0} .comment-form_comment ~ :nth-child(2n-1),.comment-form_comment ~ .form-submit{clear:left} } .SocialShare{color:#bdc2c7} .SocialShare_Title{font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem;text-transform:uppercase;line-height:1.8461538462;margin-bottom:0} .SocialShare_List{list-style:none;margin-left:0} .SocialShare_List>li{margin-bottom:0;font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem} .SocialLink,.SocialLink:visited{color:inherit;font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.6923076923;min-width:3rem;display:inline-block;text-decoration:none;border:1px solid;border-radius:3px;margin-bottom:. 5rem;padding-right:.3em} .SocialLink:hover,.SocialLink:focus,.SocialLink:active{color:inherit;text-decoration:none} .SocialLink_Count{visibility:hidden} .SocialLink:hover .SocialLink_Count,.SocialLink:focus .SocialLink_Count,.SocialLink_Count .SocialLink:active{visibility:visible} .Comment{font-size:14px;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.7142857143;display:block} .Comment,.Comment p,.Comment blockquote,.Comment pre{margin-bottom:1.7142857143em} .Comment-withAvatar{margin-left:64px;min-height:56px} .Comment_Meta{color:#bdc2c7} .Comment_Avatar{width:48px;height:48px;position:absolute;margin-top:4px;margin-left:-64px} .Comment_Avatar>img{width:48px;height:48px} .Comment_Name,.Comment_Time,.Comment_Time>a{font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;text-transform:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;margin-bottom:0} .Comment_Name{float:left} .Comment_Time{float:right} .Comment_Time>a{color:inherit} .Comment_Moderation.Comment_Moderation{margin-bottom:0;font-style:italic} .Comment_Body{clear:right} .Comment-withAvatar .Comment_Body{float:left} .Comment_Body :last-child{margin-bottom:0} .comment-reply-link,.comment-reply-link:visited{color:#bdc2c7;text-transform:uppercase} .comment-reply-link:hover,.comment-reply-link:focus,.comment-reply-link:visited{color:#bdc2c7} .CommentList{margin-left:0;display:block} .CommentList+.Pagination{margin-bottom:6rem} .Section{margin-bottom:6rem;margin-left:1em;margin-right:1em} @media only screen and (min-width:48em){.Section{margin-left:6em;margin-right:6em} } .PostList{list-style:none;margin-left:0} .PostList_Post{margin-bottom:6rem} .PostList_Post-NoExcerpt{margin-bottom:3rem} .more-link{display:block;margin-top:1.5em} .Page_Main{padding-top:1.5rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem;background-color:#fff} .Page_Footer{padding-top:1.5rem} @media (min-width:60em){.Page_Header{float:left;width:220px} .Page_Main{float:left;width:calc( 100% - 440px )} .Page_Sidebar{float:left;width:220px;min-height:50px} .Page_Footer{clear:both} } .t-Singular .Headline,.t-Singular .EntryMeta,.Pagination-PrevNextPost{margin-left:1rem;margin-right:1rem} @media only screen and (min-width:48em){.t-Singular .Headline,.t-Singular .EntryMeta,.Pagination-PrevNextPost{margin-left:6rem;margin-right:6rem} } .Pagination-PrevNextPost{margin-bottom:3rem} .EntryMeta{position:relative} .EntryMeta .SocialShare_List>li{display:inline-block;padding-right:.25em} @media only screen and (min-width:60em){.EntryMeta .SocialShare_List>li{display:list-item} .EntryMeta .SocialShare{position:absolute;width:70px;background:white;top:0;left:100%;padding-left:.5rem;padding-top:2em;left:calc( 100% + 6rem )} } .fluid-width-video-wrapper{width:100%;max-width:126.6666666667vh;position:relative;padding:0;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto} .fluid-width-video-wrapper:before{display:block;width:100%;padding-top:75%;content:' '} .fluid-width-video-wrapper>iframe,.fluid-width-video-wrapper>object,.fluid-width-video-wrapper>embed{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%} .alignleft{float:left;margin-right:1em;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:-1rem} @media only screen and (min-width:60em){.alignleft{margin-left:-5rem} } .alignright{float:right;margin-left:1em;margin-bottom:1em;margin-right:-1rem} @media only screen and (min-width:60em){.alignright{margin-right:-5rem} } .instagram-image .keyring-img,.wp-post-image,figure.alignnone,img.alignnone,.aligncenter{display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto} .post-password-form label{color:#bdc2c7;font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692308;text-transform:uppercase;display:block;margin-bottom:.5rem} .post-password-form [type=password]{width:100%;border-radius:2px;color:#2a2b2b;background-color:#f3f3f3;font-size:14px;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.7142857143;border-width:1px;outline:none;padding:calc( .5rem - 1px ) 0.75rem;border-style:solid;border-color:#f3f3f3}

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Server push Nag your system admins to install this.

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Performance wars

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Everything you know about performance is now wrong and former best practices are now an anti-pattern and considered harmful.

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HTTP/1’s former best practices can be harmful over HTTP/2.

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Critical path CSS Example.com html{font-family:sans-serif} body{margin:0} article,aside,details,figcaption,figure, footer,header,hgroup,main,nav,section,summary

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HTTP/1, without critical path CSS HTML CSS

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HTTP/1, without critical path CSS HTML CSS

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HTTP/1, with critical path CSS HTML CSS

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HTTP/2, with critical path CSS HTML CSS

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HTTP/2, without critical path CSS HTML CSS

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HTTP/2, without critical path CSS HTML CSS

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HTTP/2 server push

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w3.org/TR/preload/

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Server push

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Server push

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Server push if ( is_http2() ) { header( 'link:; rel=preload; as=style' ); header( 'link:; rel=preload; as=script'); }

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Server push if ( is_http2() ) { header( 'link:; rel=preload; as=style' ); header( 'link:; rel=preload; as=script'); } PHP code samples

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Server push if ( is_http2() ) { header( 'link:; rel=preload; as=style' ); header( 'link:; rel=preload; as=script'); }

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Server push is unsophisticated

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Server push if ( ! is_cached( '/style.css' ) && is_http2() ) { header( 'link:; rel=preload; as=style' ); }

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Server push if ( ! is_cached( '/style.css' ) && is_http2() ) { header( 'link:; rel=preload; as=style' ); setcookie( '/style.css', 'cached', 0, '/' ); }

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is_cached() function is_cached( $filename ) { if ( 'cached' === $_COOKIE[ $filename ] ) { return true; } else { return false; } }

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https://h2o.examp1e.net/configure/http2_directives.html

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https://h2o.examp1e.net/configure/http2_directives.html

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Critical path CSS A modern approach

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No content

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pwcc.cc/go/loadcss

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HTTP/1, with critical path CSS HTML CSS

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HTTP/2, without critical path CSS HTML CSS

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/* Critical CSS */ function loadCSS(){/* Source inline */} function setcookie(){/* Source inline */} loadCSS( '/style.css' ); setcookie( '/style.css', 'cached', 0, '/' ); HTML: uncached HTTP/1

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; rel=preload; as=style' ); setcookie( '/style.css', 'cached', 0, '/' ); } ?>

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Web fonts

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Visual progress Via WebPageTest

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Visual progress Via WebPageTest

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Blocking render with web fonts html { font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; }

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External resources

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External resources prevent server push

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External resources in effect, drop back to HTTP/1

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caniuse.com/font-loading, March 2016

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caniuse.com/font-loading, March 2016

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No content

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pwcc.cc/go/fout

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FOUT var openSans = new FontFaceObserver( "Open Sans" ); openSans .check() .then( function(){ document.documentElement.className += " wf-active"; setCookie( 'wf', 'active' ); } );

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FOUT var openSans = new FontFaceObserver( "Open Sans" ); openSans .check() .then( function(){ document.documentElement.className += " wf-active"; setCookie( 'wf', 'active' ); } );

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FOUT html { font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; }

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html.wf-active { font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; } FOUT

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html.wf-active { font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; } FOUT

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family=Open+Sans:400,400italic,700,700italic' 
 rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> html.wf-active { font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; } if ( 'active' === getCookie( 'wf' ) ) { document.documentElement.className += " wf-active"; } FOUT

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Web fonts are an enhancement

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Locally hosted fonts

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Locally hosted, HTTP/2 fonts HTML Font

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HTTP/2 presents an opportunity

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…to break the web, again

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Yutaka Tsutano (CC) - flic.kr/p/dq5sCy

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Breaking things /* ------ TABLET ------ */ @media only screen and ( min-width : 768px ) and ( max-width : 1024px ) { }

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Mike Deerkoski (CC) - flic.kr/p/bWmqBT It’s the same size but smaller

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⭐⭐⭐⭐"

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Everything you know about performance is now wrong and former best practices are now an anti-pattern and considered harmful.

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Everything you know about performance is now twice as complicated.

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Thank you. Peter Wilson • peterwilson.cc • @pwcc